print('----------------编码编码练习1----------------------') s1='太白' b1=s1.encode('gbk') print(b1) #b'xccxabxb0xd7' s2=b1.decode('gbk') b2=s2.encode('utf-8') print(b2) #b'xe5xa4xaaxe7x99xbd' print('----------------练习2----------------------') s1='alex' b1=s1.encode('gbk') s2=b1.decode('utf-8') print(s2)#alex print('----------------基础数据类型补充内容----------------------') s1='taiBAI' print(s1.capitalize()) #Taibai 首字母大写,其余全部小写 print(s1.swapcase()) #TAIbai 大小写翻转 print(s1.upper()) #TAIBAI 全部大写 print(s1.lower()) #taibai 全部小写 msg='taibai say hello' print(msg.title()) #Taibai Say Hello 每个单词的首字母大写 msg1='taibai 1say h2e3ll0o5' print(msg1.title()) #Taibai 1Say H2E3Ll0O5 每个非数字首字母大写 s1='barry' print(s1.center(20,'*')) #*******barry******** 居中并填充 s2='barryaabb' print(s2.find('b')) #0 通过元素找索引,找到第一个就返回,找不到就返回-1 print(s2.find('r'))#2 print(s2.find('k'))#-1 print(s2.index('b'))#0 # print(s2.index('k'))#报错 通过元素找索引,找到第一个就返回,找不到就报错 tu1=(2,3,4) #元组中如果tu2=(2,) tu3=(2) tu4=('太白') tu5=([1,2,3]) print(tu1,type(tu1)) #(2, 3, 4) <class 'tuple'> print(tu2,type(tu2)) #(2,) <class 'tuple'> print(tu3,type(tu3)) #2 <class 'int'> print(tu4,type(tu4)) #太白 <class 'str'> print(tu5,type(tu5)) #[1, 2, 3] <class 'list'>只有一个元素,并且没有逗号,那么他不是元组,他与该元素的数据类型一致 tu=(1,2,3,4,3,3,2,2,3) print(tu.count(3)) #4 计数 tu=('太白','小甲鱼','太白') print(tu.index('太白')) #0 根据元素找索引 l1=['太白','123','女神','大壮'] print(l1.index('大壮'))#3 print(l1.count('大壮'))#1 l2=[5,4,3,7,8,9,1,6] l2.sort() print(l2) #[1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] 从小到大 l2.sort(reverse=True) print(l2) #[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 1] 从大到小 l2.reverse() print(l2) #[6, 1, 9, 8, 7, 3, 4, 5] 翻转 l1=[1,2,3] l2=['太白','123','女神'] print(l1+l2) #[1, 2, 3, '太白', '123', '女神'] l3=l1*3 print(l3) #[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3] l1 = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55] for i in l1: print(i) #11 22 33 44 55 返回元素 l1 = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55] for i in range(len(l1)): print(i) #0 1 2 3 4 返回索引 l1 = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55] #请把索引为奇数对应的元素删除(不能一个一个删除,此l1只是举个例子,里面的元素不定)。 del l1[1::2] print(l1) #[11, 33, 55] new_l1=[] for index in range(len(l1)): if index%2==0: new_l1.append(l1[index]) l1=new_l1 print(l1) #[11, 33, 55] l1 = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55] # for index in range(len(l1)-1,-1,-1): # if index%2==1: # l1.pop(index) # print(l1) #[11, 33, 55] dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18} dic.update(hobby='运到',hight='175') '}print(dic) #{'name': '太白', 'age': 18, 'hobby': '运到', 'hight':' dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18} dic.update(name='太白金星') print(dic) #{'name': '太白金星', 'age': 18} dic = {'name': '太白', 'age': 18} dic.update([(1,'a'),(2,'b'),(3,'c'),(4,'d')]) print(dic) #{'name': '太白', 'age': 18, 1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c', 4: 'd'} dic1={'name':'xiaojiayu','age':22,'sex':'男'} dic2={'name':'alex','age':22,'weight':75} dic1.update(dic2) #更新,有则覆盖,无则增加 print(dic1) #{'name': 'alex', 'age': 22, 'sex': '男', 'weight': 75} dic=dict.fromkeys('abc',100) print(dic) #{'a': 100, 'b': 100, 'c': 100} dic=dict.fromkeys([1,2,3], ) print(dic) #{1: None, 2: None, 3: None} dic=dict.fromkeys([1,2,3],' ') print(dic) #{1: ' ', 2: ' ', 3: ' '} dic=dict.fromkeys([1,2,3],[]) dic[1].append(666) print(dic) #{1: [666], 2: [666], 3: [666]} dic={'k1':'太白','k2':'barry','k3':'白白','age':18} # for key in range(len(dic)): # if 'k' in key: # dic.pop(key) # print(key) dic={'k1':'太白','k2':'barry','k3':'白白','age':18} l1=[] for key in dic: if 'k' in key: l1.append(key) for i in l1: dic.pop(i) print(dic) #{'age': 18} for key in list(dic.keys()): print(key) #k1 k2 k3 age dic={'k1':'太白','k2':'barry','k3':'白白','age':18} for key in list(dic.keys()): if 'k' in key: dic.pop(key) print(dic) #{'age': 18} #str---->list # s1='alex wusir taibai' # l1=s1.split() # print(l1) #['alex', 'wusir', 'taibai'] #list--->str 此list中的元素全部是str类型 # l1=['alex', 'wusir', 'taibai'] # s2=' '.join(l1) # print(s2) #alex wusir taibai #tuple--->list # l1=[1,2,3] # tu1=tuple(l1) # print(tu1) #(1, 2, 3) #list--->tuple # tu2=(0,1,2) # l1=list(tu2) # print(l1) # [0, 1, 2] #dict-->list # dic1={'name':'alex','age':1000} # l1=list(dic1) # print(l1) #['name', 'age'] set1={'alex',1,2,3} set2={'alex','wusir'} set3=set({1,2,3}) print(set1,set2) #{3, 1, 'alex', 2} {'alex', 'wusir'} print(set3) #{1, 2, 3} set1={'alex','wusir','ritian','egon','barry'} set1.add('女神') print(set1) #{'barry', 'alex', 'wusir', 'ritian', 'egon', '女神'} set1.update('abc') print(set1) #{'alex', 'barry', '女神', 'egon', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'wusir', 'ritian'} set1.remove('alex') print(set1) set1.pop() print(set1) #{'alex', 'barry', 'ritian', 'wusir'} set1.clear() print(set1) #set() set1={'alex','wusir','ritian','egon','barry'} del set1 print(set1) set1={1,2,3,4,5,6} set2={5,6,7,8,9,10} print(set1&set2) #{5, 6} print(set1.intersection(set2)) #{5, 6} print(set1^set2) #{1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10} print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2)) #{{1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10} print(set1 | set2) #{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} print(set1.union(set2)) #{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} print(set1-set2) #{1, 2, 3, 4} print(set1.difference(set2)) #{1, 2, 3, 4} set1={1,2,3} set2={1,2,3,4,5} print(set1<set2) #True print(set1.issubset(set2)) set1={1,2,3} set2={1,2,3,4,5} print(set2>set1) #True print(set2.issuperset(set1)) ##True set1=(1,23,3) set3=frozenset(set1) print(set3) #frozenset({1, 3, 23}) l1=[1,2,3] l2=l1.copy() l1.append(666) print(l1,l2) #[1, 2, 3, 666] [1, 2, 3] l1=[1,2,3,[22,]] l2=l1.copy() l1.append(666) print(l1,l2) #[1, 2, 3, [22], 666] [1, 2, 3, [22]] l1=[1,2,3,[22,]] l2=l1.copy() l1[-1].append('taibai') print(l1,l2) #[1, 2, 3, [22, 'taibai']] [1, 2, 3, [22, 'taibai']] l1=[1,2,3,[22,]] l2=l1.copy() l1[-1].append('taibai') print(l1,l2) #[1, 2, 3, [22, 'taibai']] [1, 2, 3, [22, 'taibai']] print(id(l1),id(l2)) #2022479746696 2022479745864 print(id(l1[-1]),id(l2[-1])) #2022479746696 2022479745864 l1=[1,2,3,4,['alex']] l2=l1[::] # l1.append(666) # print(l2) #[1, 2, 3, 4, ['alex']] l1[-1].append(666) print(l2) #[1, 2, 3, 4, ['alex', 666]]