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  • 王海珍 201771010124 《面向对象程序设计(java)》第九周实验总结

    第一部分   理论部分

    第二部分   实验部分

    1、实验目的与要求

    (1) 掌握java异常处理技术;

    Java的异常处理机制可以控制程序从错误产生的 位置转移到能够进行错误处理的位置。程序中出现的常见的错误和问题有:用户输入错误 ;设备错误 ;物理限制 ;代码错误。通常分为非致命异常和致命异常两类。非致命异常:通过某种修正后程序还能继续执行。 这类错误叫作异常。如:文件不存在、无效的数组 下标、空引用、网络断开等。 Java中提供了一种独特的处理异常的机制,通过异常来处理程序设计中出现的错误。另一种是致命异常:程序遇到了非常严重的不正常状态,不 能简单恢复执行,是致命性错误。如:内存耗尽、 系统内部错误等。这种错误程序本身无法解决。除此之外Java中的异常类可分为两大类:一类是Error Error类层次结构描述了Java运行时系统的内部错误 和资源耗尽错误。应用程序不应该捕获这类异常,也 不会抛出这种异常。另一类是Exception Exception类:重点掌握的异常类。Exception层次结 构又分解为两个分支:一个分支派生于 RuntimeException;另一个分支包含其他异常

    (2) 了解断言的用法;

    断言:是一种错误处理机制,是在程序的开发和测试阶段使用的工具。
    断言(assert)是JDK1.4中引入的一个新的关键字,语法如下:
    assert  条件   或者assert  条件:表达式
      这两个形式都会对“条件”进行判断, “条件”是一个布尔表达式。如果判断结果为假(false)则抛出AssertionError。在第二种形式中,“表达式”会传进AssertionError的构造函数中并转成一个消息字符串。
    “表达式”部分的唯一目的就是生成一个消息字符串。 AssertionError对象并不存储表达式的值,因此你不可能在以后获取它。

    (3) 了解日志的用途;

    记录日志API就是为了帮助程序员观察程序运行的操作过程而设计的。

    (4) 掌握程序基础调试技巧;

    应用打印语句或记录任意变量的值

    在每个类中放置一个单独的main方法

    使用printStackTrace方法跟踪

    定义用于调试的特殊类

    使用断言调试程序

    使用日志代理(logging proxy)

    应用Java虚拟机的功能

    2、实验内容和步骤

    实验1:用命令行与IDE两种环境下编辑调试运行源程序ExceptionDemo1、ExceptionDemo2,结合程序运行结果理解程序,掌握未检查异常和已检查异常的区别。

    //异常示例1

    public class ExceptionDemo1 {

    public static void main(String args[]) {

    int a = 0;

    System.out.println(5 / a);

    }

    }

    //异常示例2

    import java.io.*;

    public class ExceptionDemo2 {

    public static void main(String args[]) 

         {

              FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象

              int b;

              while((b=fis.read())!=-1)

              {

                  System.out.print(b);

              }

              fis.close();

          }

    }

    测试结果如下所示

    实验2: 导入以下示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

    测试程序1:

    l 在elipse IDE中编辑、编译、调试运行教材281页7-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

    l 掌握Throwable类的堆栈跟踪方法;

    测试结果如下所示

     1 import java.util.*;
     2 
     3 /**
     4  * A program that displays a trace feature of a recursive method call.
     5  * @version 1.01 2004-05-10
     6  * @author Cay Horstmann
     7  */
     8 public class StackTraceTest
     9 {
    10    /**
    11     * Computes the factorial of a number
    12     * @param n a non-negative integer
    13     * @return n! = 1 * 2 * . . . * n
    14     */
    15    public static int factorial(int n)
    16    {
    17       System.out.println("factorial(" + n + "):");
    18       Throwable t = new Throwable();
    19       StackTraceElement[] frames = t.getStackTrace();
    20       for (StackTraceElement f : frames)
    21          System.out.println(f);
    22       int r;
    23       if (n <= 1) r = 1;
    24       else r = n * factorial(n - 1);
    25       System.out.println("return " + r);
    26       return r;
    27    }
    28 
    29    public static void main(String[] args)
    30    {
    31       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
    32       System.out.print("Enter n: ");
    33       int n = in.nextInt();
    34       factorial(n);
    35    }
    36 }

    测试程序2:

    l Java语言的异常处理有积极处理方法和消极处理两种方式;

    l 下列两个简答程序范例给出了两种异常处理的代码格式。在elipse IDE中编辑、调试运行源程序ExceptionalTest.java,将程序中的text文件更换为身份证号.txt,要求将文件内容读入内容,并在控制台显示;

    l 掌握两种异常处理技术的特点。

    //积极处理方式  

    import java.io.*;

    class ExceptionTest {

    public static void main (string args[])

       {

           try{

           FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

           }

           catch(FileNotFoundExcption e

         {   ……  }

    ……

        }

    }

    //消极处理方式

    import java.io.*;

    class ExceptionTest {

    public static void main (string args[]) throws  FileNotFoundExcption

         {

          FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

         }

    }

     1 package vxdfuey;
     2 //积极处理方式  
     3 import java.io.*;
     4 import java.io.BufferedReader;
     5 import java.io.FileReader;
     6 
     7 class ExceptionTest {
     8     public static void main (String args[])
     9  {
    10         File fis=new File("C:\Users\admin\Documents\Tencent Files\2247955978\FileRecv\身份证号.txt");
    11      try{
    12          
    13 
    14          FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis);
    15          BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
    16          try {
    17              String s, s2 = new String();
    18              while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
    19                  s2 += s + "
     ";
    20              }
    21              br.close();
    22              System.out.println(s2);
    23          } catch (IOException e) {
    24              e.printStackTrace();
    25          }
    26      } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    27          e.printStackTrace();
    28      }
    29 
    30   }
    31 }
     1 package vxdfuey;
     2 //消极处理方式
     3 import java.io.*;
     4 class ExceptionTest1 {
     5     public static void main (String args[]) throws  IOException
     6        {
     7         File fis=new File("C:\\Users\\admin\\Documents\\Tencent Files\\2247955978\\FileRecv\\身份证号.txt");
     8         FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis);
     9         BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
    10         String s, s2 = new String();
    11 
    12             while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
    13                 s2 += s + "
     ";
    14             }
    15             br.close();
    16             System.out.println(s2);
    17        }
    18 }

    实验3: 编程练习

    练习1

    l 编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中;

    l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息;

    l 查询最大年龄的人员信息;

    l 查询最小年龄人员信息;

    l 输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地;

    l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡;

    l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

    注:以下实验课后完成

      1 import java.io.BufferedReader;
      2 import java.io.File;
      3 import java.io.FileInputStream;
      4 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
      5 import java.io.IOException;
      6 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
      7 import java.util.ArrayList;
      8 import java.util.Arrays;
      9 import java.util.Collections;
     10 import java.util.Scanner;
     11 
     12 public class M{
     13     private static ArrayList<Test> studentlist;
     14     public static void main(String[] args) {
     15         studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
     16         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
     17         File file = new File("D:\身份证号.txt");
     18         try {
     19             FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
     20             BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
     21             String temp = null;
     22             while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
     23                 
     24                 Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
     25                 
     26                 linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");    
     27                 String name = linescanner.next();
     28                 String number = linescanner.next();
     29                 String sex = linescanner.next();
     30                 String age = linescanner.next();
     31                 String province =linescanner.nextLine();
     32                 Test student = new Test();
     33                 student.setName(name);
     34                 student.setnumber(number);
     35                 student.setsex(sex);
     36                 int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
     37                 student.setage(a);
     38                 student.setprovince(province);
     39                 studentlist.add(student);
     40 
     41             }
     42         } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
     43             System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
     44             e.printStackTrace();
     45         } catch (IOException e) {
     46             System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
     47             e.printStackTrace();
     48         }
     49         boolean isTrue = true;
     50         while (isTrue) {
     51            
     52             System.out.println("1:字典排序");
     53             System.out.println("2:输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人");
     54             System.out.println("3:寻找老乡");
     55             System.out.println("4:寻找年龄相近的人");
     56             System.out.println("5:退出");
     57             String m = scanner.next();
     58             switch (m) {
     59             case "1":
     60                 Collections.sort(studentlist);              
     61                 System.out.println(studentlist.toString());
     62                 break;
     63             case "2":
     64                  int max=0,min=100;
     65                  int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;
     66                  for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++)
     67                  {
     68                      j=studentlist.get(i).getage();
     69                  if(j>max)
     70                  {
     71                      max=j; 
     72                      k1=i;
     73                  }
     74                  if(j<min)
     75                  {
     76                    min=j; 
     77                    k2=i;
     78                  }
     79                  
     80                  }  
     81                  System.out.println("年龄最大:"+studentlist.get(k1));
     82                  System.out.println("年龄最小:"+studentlist.get(k2));
     83                 break;
     84             case "3":
     85                  System.out.println("province?");
     86                  String find = scanner.next();        
     87                  String place=find.substring(0,3);
     88                  for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++) 
     89                  {
     90                      if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place)) 
     91                          System.out.println("province"+studentlist.get(i));
     92                  }             
     93                  break;
     94                  
     95             case "4":
     96                 System.out.println("年龄:");
     97                 int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
     98                 int near=agematched(yourage);
     99                 int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage();
    100                 System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near));
    101                 break;
    102             case "5":
    103                 isTrue = false;
    104                 System.out.println("退出程序!");
    105                 break;
    106                 default:
    107                 System.out.println("输入有误");
    108 
    109             }
    110         }
    111     }
    112         public static int agematched(int age) {      
    113         int j=0,min=53,value=0,k=0;
    114          for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++)
    115          {
    116              value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age;
    117              if(value<0) value=-value; 
    118              if (value<min) 
    119              {
    120                 min=value;
    121                 k=i;
    122              } 
    123           }    
    124          return k;         
    125       }
    126 
    127 }
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    
    public class M{
        private static ArrayList<Test> studentlist;
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            File file = new File("D:\身份证号.txt");
            try {
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
                String temp = null;
                while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    
                    Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
                    
                    linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");    
                    String name = linescanner.next();
                    String number = linescanner.next();
                    String sex = linescanner.next();
                    String age = linescanner.next();
                    String province =linescanner.nextLine();
                    Test student = new Test();
                    student.setName(name);
                    student.setnumber(number);
                    student.setsex(sex);
                    int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
                    student.setage(a);
                    student.setprovince(province);
                    studentlist.add(student);
    
                }
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            boolean isTrue = true;
            while (isTrue) {
               
                System.out.println("1:字典排序");
                System.out.println("2:输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人");
                System.out.println("3:寻找老乡");
                System.out.println("4:寻找年龄相近的人");
                System.out.println("5:退出");
                String m = scanner.next();
                switch (m) {
                case "1":
                    Collections.sort(studentlist);              
                    System.out.println(studentlist.toString());
                    break;
                case "2":
                     int max=0,min=100;
                     int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;
                     for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++)
                     {
                         j=studentlist.get(i).getage();
                     if(j>max)
                     {
                         max=j; 
                         k1=i;
                     }
                     if(j<min)
                     {
                       min=j; 
                       k2=i;
                     }
                     
                     }  
                     System.out.println("年龄最大:"+studentlist.get(k1));
                     System.out.println("年龄最小:"+studentlist.get(k2));
                    break;
                case "3":
                     System.out.println("province?");
                     String find = scanner.next();        
                     String place=find.substring(0,3);
                     for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++) 
                     {
                         if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place)) 
                             System.out.println("province"+studentlist.get(i));
                     }             
                     break;
                     
                case "4":
                    System.out.println("年龄:");
                    int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
                    int near=agematched(yourage);
                    int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage();
                    System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near));
                    break;
                case "5":
                    isTrue = false;
                    System.out.println("退出程序!");
                    break;
                    default:
                    System.out.println("输入有误");
    
                }
            }
        }
            public static int agematched(int age) {      
            int j=0,min=53,value=0,k=0;
             for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++)
             {
                 value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age;
                 if(value<0) value=-value; 
                 if (value<min) 
                 {
                    min=value;
                    k=i;
                 } 
              }    
             return k;         
          }
    
    }
    
    M

      

     

      

    练习2

    l 编写一个计算器类,可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作;

    l 利用计算机类,设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序,由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题,学生输入答案,由程序检查答案是否正确,每道题正确计10分,错误不计分,10道题测试结束后给出测试总分;

    l 将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件,文件名为test.txt

    l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

     1 package vxdfuey;
     2 
     3 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
     4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
     5 import java.util.Scanner;
     6 public class JS {
     7     public static void main(String[] args) {
     8         Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
     9         JS1 computing=new JS1();
    10         PrintWriter output = null;
    11         try {
    12             output = new PrintWriter("Caculator.txt");
    13         } catch (Exception e) {
    14         }
    15         int sum = 0;
    16 
    17         for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) {
    18             int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
    19             int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
    20             int s = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3);
    21         switch(s)
    22         {
    23            case 1:
    24                System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"=");
    25                while(b==0){  
    26                    b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); 
    27                    }
    28                double c = in.nextDouble();
    29                output.println(a+"/"+b+"="+c);
    30                if (c == (double)computing.division(a, b)) {
    31                    sum += 10;
    32                    System.out.println("正确");
    33                }
    34                else {
    35                    System.out.println("错误");
    36                }
    37             
    38                break;
    39             
    40            case 2:
    41                System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"=");
    42                int c1 = in.nextInt();
    43                output.println(a+"*"+b+"="+c1);
    44                if (c1 == computing.multiplication(a, b)) {
    45                    sum += 10;
    46                    System.out.println("Ture");
    47                }
    48                else {
    49                    System.out.println("False");
    50                }
    51                break;
    52            case 3:
    53                System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"=");
    54                int c2 = in.nextInt();
    55                output.println(a+"+"+b+"="+c2);
    56                if (c2 == computing.addition(a, b)) {
    57                    sum += 10;
    58                    System.out.println("Ture");
    59                }
    60                else {
    61                    System.out.println("False");
    62                }
    63                
    64                break ;
    65            case 4:
    66                System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"=");
    67                int c3 = in.nextInt();
    68                output.println(a+"-"+b+"="+c3);
    69                if (c3 == computing.subtraction(a, b)) {
    70                    sum += 10;
    71                    System.out.println("Ture");
    72                }
    73                else {
    74                    System.out.println("False");
    75                }
    76                break ;
    77 
    78                } 
    79     
    80           }
    81         System.out.println("scores:"+sum);
    82         output.println("scores:"+sum);
    83         output.close();
    84          
    85     }
    86 }
     1 package vxdfuey;
     2 
     3 public class JS1
     4 {
     5        private int a;
     6        private int b;
     7         public int  addition(int a,int b)
     8         {
     9             return a+b;
    10         }
    11         public int  subtraction(int a,int b)
    12         {
    13             if((a-b)<0)
    14                 return 0;
    15             else
    16             return a-b;
    17         }
    18         public int   multiplication(int a,int b)
    19         {
    20             return a*b;
    21         }
    22         public int   division(int a,int b)
    23         {
    24             if(b!=0)
    25             return a/b;    
    26             else
    27         return 0;
    28         }
    29 
    30         
    31 }

     

    实验4:断言、日志、程序调试技巧验证实验。

    实验程序1

    //断言程序示例

    public class AssertDemo {

        public static void main(String[] args) {        

            test1(-5);

            test2(-3);

        }

        

        private static void test1(int a){

            assert a > 0;

            System.out.println(a);

        }

        private static void test2(int a){

           assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0";

            System.out.println(a);

        }

    }

    l 在elipse下调试程序AssertDemo,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 注释语句test1(-5);后重新运行程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 掌握断言的使用特点及用法。

    实验程序2:

    l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 并掌握Java日志系统的用途及用法。

      1 package logging;
      2 
      3 import java.awt.*;
      4 import java.awt.event.*;
      5 import java.io.*;
      6 import java.util.logging.*;
      7 import javax.swing.*;
      8 
      9 /**
     10  * A modification of the image viewer program that logs various events.
     11  * @version 1.03 2015-08-20
     12  * @author Cay Horstmann
     13  */
     14 public class LoggingImageViewer
     15 {
     16    public static void main(String[] args)
     17    {
     18       if (System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class") == null
     19             && System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file") == null)
     20       {
     21          try
     22          {
     23             Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").setLevel(Level.ALL);
     24             final int LOG_ROTATION_COUNT = 10;
     25             Handler handler = new FileHandler("%h/LoggingImageViewer.log", 0, LOG_ROTATION_COUNT);
     26             Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(handler);
     27          }
     28          catch (IOException e)
     29          {
     30             Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").log(Level.SEVERE,
     31                   "Can't create log file handler", e);
     32          }
     33       }
     34 
     35       EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
     36             {
     37                Handler windowHandler = new WindowHandler();
     38                windowHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
     39                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(windowHandler);
     40 
     41                JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
     42                frame.setTitle("LoggingImageViewer");
     43                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
     44 
     45                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").fine("Showing frame");
     46                frame.setVisible(true);
     47             });
     48    }
     49 }
     50 
     51 /**
     52  * The frame that shows the image.
     53  */
     54 class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
     55 {
     56    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
     57    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;   
     58 
     59    private JLabel label;
     60    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava");
     61 
     62    public ImageViewerFrame()
     63    {
     64       logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");      
     65       setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
     66 
     67       // set up menu bar
     68       JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
     69       setJMenuBar(menuBar);
     70 
     71       JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
     72       menuBar.add(menu);
     73 
     74       JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
     75       menu.add(openItem);
     76       openItem.addActionListener(new FileOpenListener());
     77 
     78       JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
     79       menu.add(exitItem);
     80       exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
     81          {
     82             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
     83             {
     84                logger.fine("Exiting.");
     85                System.exit(0);
     86             }
     87          });
     88 
     89       // use a label to display the images
     90       label = new JLabel();
     91       add(label);
     92       logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
     93    }
     94 
     95    private class FileOpenListener implements ActionListener
     96    {
     97       public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
     98       {
     99          logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed", event);
    100 
    101          // set up file chooser
    102          JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
    103          chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
    104 
    105          // accept all files ending with .gif
    106          chooser.setFileFilter(new javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter()
    107             {
    108                public boolean accept(File f)
    109                {
    110                   return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".gif") || f.isDirectory();
    111                }
    112 
    113                public String getDescription()
    114                {
    115                   return "GIF Images";
    116                }
    117             });
    118 
    119          // show file chooser dialog
    120          int r = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);
    121 
    122          // if image file accepted, set it as icon of the label
    123          if (r == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
    124          {
    125             String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
    126             logger.log(Level.FINE, "Reading file {0}", name);
    127             label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
    128          }
    129          else logger.fine("File open dialog canceled.");
    130          logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed");
    131       }
    132    }
    133 }
    134 
    135 /**
    136  * A handler for displaying log records in a window.
    137  */
    138 class WindowHandler extends StreamHandler
    139 {
    140    private JFrame frame;
    141 
    142    public WindowHandler()
    143    {
    144       frame = new JFrame();
    145       final JTextArea output = new JTextArea();
    146       output.setEditable(false);
    147       frame.setSize(200, 200);
    148       frame.add(new JScrollPane(output));
    149       frame.setFocusableWindowState(false);
    150       frame.setVisible(true);
    151       setOutputStream(new OutputStream()
    152          {
    153             public void write(int b)
    154             {
    155             } // not called
    156 
    157             public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
    158             {
    159                output.append(new String(b, off, len));
    160             }
    161          });
    162    }
    163 
    164    public void publish(LogRecord record)
    165    {
    166       if (!frame.isVisible()) return;
    167       super.publish(record);
    168       flush();
    169    }
    170 }

     

    实验程序3:

    l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 按课件66-77内容练习并掌握Elipse的常用调试技术。

      1 package logging;
      2 
      3 import java.awt.*;
      4 import java.awt.event.*;
      5 import java.io.*;
      6 import java.util.logging.*;
      7 import javax.swing.*;
      8 
      9 /**
     10  * A modification of the image viewer program that logs various events.
     11  * @version 1.03 2015-08-20
     12  * @author Cay Horstmann
     13  */
     14 public class LoggingImageViewer
     15 {
     16    public static void main(String[] args)
     17    {
     18       if (System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class") == null
     19             && System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file") == null)
     20       {
     21          try
     22          {
     23             Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").setLevel(Level.ALL);
     24             final int LOG_ROTATION_COUNT = 10;
     25             Handler handler = new FileHandler("%h/LoggingImageViewer.log", 0, LOG_ROTATION_COUNT);
     26             Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(handler);
     27          }
     28          catch (IOException e)
     29          {
     30             Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").log(Level.SEVERE,
     31                   "Can't create log file handler", e);
     32          }
     33       }
     34 
     35       EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
     36             {
     37                Handler windowHandler = new WindowHandler();
     38                windowHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
     39                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(windowHandler);
     40 
     41                JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
     42                frame.setTitle("LoggingImageViewer");
     43                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
     44 
     45                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").fine("Showing frame");
     46                frame.setVisible(true);
     47             });
     48    }
     49 }
     50 
     51 /**
     52  * The frame that shows the image.
     53  */
     54 class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
     55 {
     56    private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
     57    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;   
     58 
     59    private JLabel label;
     60    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava");
     61 
     62    public ImageViewerFrame()
     63    {
     64       logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");      
     65       setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
     66 
     67       // set up menu bar
     68       JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
     69       setJMenuBar(menuBar);
     70 
     71       JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
     72       menuBar.add(menu);
     73 
     74       JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
     75       menu.add(openItem);
     76       openItem.addActionListener(new FileOpenListener());
     77 
     78       JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
     79       menu.add(exitItem);
     80       exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
     81          {
     82             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
     83             {
     84                logger.fine("Exiting.");
     85                System.exit(0);
     86             }
     87          });
     88 
     89       // use a label to display the images
     90       label = new JLabel();
     91       add(label);
     92       logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
     93    }
     94 
     95    private class FileOpenListener implements ActionListener
     96    {
     97       public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
     98       {
     99          logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed", event);
    100 
    101          // set up file chooser
    102          JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
    103          chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
    104 
    105          // accept all files ending with .gif
    106          chooser.setFileFilter(new javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter()
    107             {
    108                public boolean accept(File f)
    109                {
    110                   return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".gif") || f.isDirectory();
    111                }
    112 
    113                public String getDescription()
    114                {
    115                   return "GIF Images";
    116                }
    117             });
    118 
    119          // show file chooser dialog
    120          int r = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);
    121 
    122          // if image file accepted, set it as icon of the label
    123          if (r == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
    124          {
    125             String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
    126             logger.log(Level.FINE, "Reading file {0}", name);
    127             label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
    128          }
    129          else logger.fine("File open dialog canceled.");
    130          logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed");
    131       }
    132    }
    133 }
    134 
    135 /**
    136  * A handler for displaying log records in a window.
    137  */
    138 class WindowHandler extends StreamHandler
    139 {
    140    private JFrame frame;
    141 
    142    public WindowHandler()
    143    {
    144       frame = new JFrame();
    145       final JTextArea output = new JTextArea();
    146       output.setEditable(false);
    147       frame.setSize(200, 200);
    148       frame.add(new JScrollPane(output));
    149       frame.setFocusableWindowState(false);
    150       frame.setVisible(true);
    151       setOutputStream(new OutputStream()
    152          {
    153             public void write(int b)
    154             {
    155             } // not called
    156 
    157             public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
    158             {
    159                output.append(new String(b, off, len));
    160             }
    161          });
    162    }
    163 
    164    public void publish(LogRecord record)
    165    {
    166       if (!frame.isVisible()) return;
    167       super.publish(record);
    168       flush();
    169    }
    170 }

     实验总结:

    异常处理不能代替简单的条件检测,只在异常 情况下使用异常机制

    程序代码不要过分细化异常,尽量将有可能产 生异常的语句放在一个try语句块中。

    抛出的异常类型尽可能明确。

    不要压制异常,对于很少发生的异常,应该将 其关闭。

     早抛出,晚捕获,尽量让高层次的方法通告用 户发生了错误

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/www-whz-1997/p/9851734.html
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