tkinter

知识内容：

1.Tkinter介绍

2.Tkinter实战1-用户登录界面

3.Tkinter实战2-选择类组件综合应用

4.Tkinter实战3-简单文本编辑器

5.Tkinter实战4-简单画图程序

6.Tkinter实战5-电子时钟

一、Tkinter介绍

1.tkinter简单介绍

tkinter是python标准库中专门用来做GUI界面的模块，可以使用tkinter开发一些界面

2.tkinter简单使用

# __author__ = "wyb"
# date: 2018/4/29

import tkinter          # 导入tkinter模块

root = tkinter.Tk()     # 创建主窗口

root.mainloop()         # 进行主循环显示窗口直达关闭窗口

二、Tkinter实战1-用户登录界面

# __author__ = "wyb"
# date: 2018/5/10

import tkinter
import tkinter.messagebox


# OK按钮响应事件
def login():
    name = entryName.get()              # 获取用户名
    pwd = entryPwd.get()                # 获取密码
    if name == 'admin' and pwd == '123456':
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title="python tkinter", message="welcome login")
    else:
        tkinter.messagebox.showerror(title="python tkinter", message="Wrong username or password")


# Cancel按钮响应事件
def cancel():
    varName.set('')
    varPwd.set('')


root = tkinter.Tk()

# 申明变量存储用户名和密码
varName = tkinter.StringVar(value='')
varPwd = tkinter.StringVar(value='')

# 建立用户名和密码输入提示和输入框:
labelName = tkinter.Label(root, text='User Name:', justify=tkinter.RIGHT, width=80)
labelName.place(x=10, y=5, width=80, height=20)
entryName = tkinter.Entry(root, width=80, textvariable=varName)
entryName.place(x=100, y=5, width=80, height=20)
labelPwd = tkinter.Label(root, text='User pwd:', justify=tkinter.RIGHT, width=80)
labelPwd.place(x=10, y=30, width=80, height=20)
entryPwd = tkinter.Entry(root, show='*', width=80, textvariable=varPwd)
entryPwd.place(x=100, y=30, width=80, height=20)

# 建立OK和Cancel按钮并绑定事件:
buttonOk = tkinter.Button(root, text='Login', command=login)
buttonOk.place(x=30, y=70, width=50, height=20)
buttonCancel = tkinter.Button(root, text='Cancel', command=cancel)
buttonCancel.place(x=90, y=70, width=50, height=20)

root.mainloop()     # 启动消息循环

三、Tkinter实战2-选择类组件综合应用

# __author__ = "wyb"
# date: 2018/5/10

import tkinter
import tkinter.messagebox
import tkinter.ttk

# 创建窗体并设置标题以及高和宽
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.title('选择类组件综合运用')
root['height'] = 390
root['width'] = 350

# 创建姓名标签和输入框
labelName = tkinter.Label(root, text='Name:', justify=tkinter.RIGHT, width=50)
labelName.place(x=10, y=5, width=50, height=20)
varName = tkinter.StringVar(value='')
entryName = tkinter.Entry(root, width=120, textvariable=varName)
entryName.place(x=70, y=5, width=120, height=20)

# 创建年纪班级标签及选择框
studentClasses = {
    '1': ['1', '2', '3', '4'],
    '2': ['1', '2'],
    '3': ['1', '2', '3']
}
labelGrade = tkinter.Label(root, text='Grade: ', justify=tkinter.RIGHT, width=50)
labelGrade.place(x=10, y=40, width=50, height=20)
comboGrade = tkinter.ttk.Combobox(root, values=tuple(studentClasses.keys()), width=50)
comboGrade.place(x=70, y=40, width=50, height=20)
labelClass = tkinter.Label(root, text='Class:', justify=tkinter.RIGHT, width=50)
labelClass.place(x=130, y=40, width=50, height=20)
comboClass = tkinter.ttk.Combobox(root, width=50)
comboClass.place(x=190, y=40, width=50, height=20)

# 创建性别标签及单选框
labelSex = tkinter.Label(root, text='Sex:', justify=tkinter.RIGHT, width=50)
labelSex.place(x=10, y=70, width=50, height=20)
sex = tkinter.IntVar(value=1)               # 绑定变量
radioMan = tkinter.Radiobutton(root, variable=sex, value=1, text='Man')
radioMan.place(x=70, y=70, width=50, height=20)
radioWoman = tkinter.Radiobutton(root, variable=sex, value=0, text='Woman')
radioWoman.place(x=130, y=70, width=70, height=20)

# 创建班长多选框
monitor = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)           # 是否是班长 默认为0表示不是班长
checkMonitor = tkinter.Checkbutton(root, text='Is Monitor?', variable=monitor, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
checkMonitor.place(x=20, y=100, width=100, height=20)


# 按钮事件处理函数
# 
def comboChange(event):
    grade = comboGrade.get()
    if grade:
        comboClass["values"] = studentClasses.get(grade)

# 添加信息
def addInformation():
    result = 'Name:' + entryName.get()
    result = result + ';Grade:' + comboGrade.get()
    result = result + ';Class:' + comboClass.get()
    result = result + ';Sex:' + ('Man' if sex.get() else 'Woman')
    result = result + ';Monitor:' + ('Yes' if monitor.get() else 'No')
    listboxStudents.insert(0, result)


# 创建添加按钮
buttonAdd = tkinter.Button(root, text='Add', width=40, command=addInformation)
buttonAdd.place(x=130, y=100, width=40, height=20)


# 删除信息
def deleteSelection():
    selection = listboxStudents.curselection()
    if not selection:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='infomation', message='No Selection')
    else:
        listboxStudents.delete(selection)


# 创建删除按钮
buttonDelete = tkinter.Button(root, text='DeleteSelection', width=100, command=deleteSelection)
buttonDelete.place(x=180, y=100, width=100, height=20)

# 创建多行文本框
listboxStudents = tkinter.Listbox(root, width=30)
listboxStudents.place(x=10, y=130, width=300, height=200)

root.mainloop()

四、Tkinter实战3-简单文本编辑器

# __author__ = "wyb"
# date: 2018/5/10
import tkinter
import tkinter.filedialog
import tkinter.colorchooser
import tkinter.messagebox
import tkinter.scrolledtext
import tkinter.simpledialog

# 创建应用程序窗口
app = tkinter.Tk()
app.title('简单文本编辑器')
app['width'] = 800
app['height'] = 600

textChanged = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)
# 当前文件名
filename = ''

# 创建菜单
menu = tkinter.Menu(app)
# File菜单
submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu, tearoff=0)


# 打开
def Open():
    global filename
    # 如果内容以及改变，先保存
    if textChanged.get():
        yesno = tkinter.messagebox.askyesno(title='保存', message='是否保存')
        if yesno == tkinter.YES:
            Save()
    filename = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title='打开文件', filetype=[('Text files', '*.txt')])

    if filename:
        # 清空内容，0.0是lineNumber.Column的表示方法
        txtContent.delete(0.0, tkinter.END)
        fp = open(filename, 'r')
        txtContent.insert(tkinter.INSERT, ''.join(fp.readlines()))
        fp.close()
        # 标记为尚未修改
        textChanged.set(0)


# 创建File菜单选项Open并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Open', command=Open)


# 保存
def Save():
    global filename
    # 如果是第一次保存新建则打开另存为窗口
    if not filename:
        SaveAs()
    # 如果内容发送变化就保存
    elif textChanged.get():
        fp = open(filename, 'w')
        fp.write(txtContent.get(0.0, tkinter.END))
        fp.close()
        textChanged.set(0)


# 创建File菜单选项Save并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Save', command=Save)


# 另存
def SaveAs():
    global filename
    # 打开另存为窗口
    newfilename = tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename(title='Save As', initialdir=r'c:\', initialfile='new.txt')
    # 如果指定了文件名则保存文件
    if newfilename:
        fp = open(newfilename, 'w')
        fp.write(txtContent.get(0.0, tkinter.END))
        fp.close()
        textChanged.set(0)


# 创建File菜单选项Save As并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Save As', command=SaveAs)
# 添加分割线
submenu.add_separator()


# 关闭
def Close():
    global filename
    Save()
    txtContent.delete(0.0, tkinter.END)
    # 置空文件名
    filename = ''


# 创建File菜单选项Close并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Close', command=Close)
# 将File菜单关联到主菜单上
menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu=submenu)

# Edit菜单
submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu, tearoff=0)


# 撤销
def Undo():
    # 启用undo标志
    txtContent['undo'] = True
    try:
        txtContent.edit_undo()
    except Exception as e:
        pass


# 创建Edit菜单选项Undo并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Undo', command=Undo)


#
def Redo():
    txtContent['undo'] = True
    try:
        txtContent.edit_redo()
    except Exception as e:
        pass


# 创建Edit菜单选项Redo并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Redo', command=Redo)
# 添加分割线
submenu.add_separator()


# 赋值
def Copy():
    txtContent.clipboard_clear()
    txtContent.clipboard_append(txtContent.selection_get())


# 创建Edit菜单选项Copy并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Copy', command=Copy)


# 剪切
def Cut():
    Copy()
    # 删除所选内容
    txtContent.delete(tkinter.SEL_FIRST, tkinter.SEL_LAST)


# 创建Edit菜单选项Cut并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Cut', command=Cut)


# 粘贴
def Paste():
    # 如果没有选择内容则直接粘贴到鼠标位置
    # 如果有所选内容，则先删除再粘贴
    try:
        txtContent.insert(tkinter.SEL_FIRST, txtContent.clipboard_get())
        txtContent.delete(tkinter.SEL_FIRST, tkinter.SEL_LAST)
        # 如果粘贴成功就结束本函数以免异常处理结构执行完成之后再次粘贴
        return
    except Exception as e:
        pass


# 创建Edit菜单选项Paste并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Paste', command=Paste)
# 添加分割线
submenu.add_separator()


# 搜索
def Search():
    # 获取要查找的内容
    textToSearch = tkinter.simpledialog.askstring(title='Search', prompt='What to search?')
    start = txtContent.search(textToSearch, 0.0, tkinter.END)
    if start:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='Found', message='OK')


# 创建Edit菜单选项Search并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='Search', command=Search)
# 将Edit菜单关联到主菜单上
menu.add_cascade(label='Edit', menu=submenu)

# Help菜单
submenu = tkinter.Menu(menu, tearoff=0)


def About():
    tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='About the author', message='Author: wyb')


# 创建Help菜单选项About并绑定菜单事件处理函数
submenu.add_command(label='About', command=About)
# 将Help菜单关联到主菜单上
menu.add_cascade(label='Help', menu=submenu)
# 将创建的菜单关联到应用程序窗口
app.config(menu=menu)

# 创建文本编辑器组件并自动适应窗口大小
txtContent = tkinter.scrolledtext.ScrolledText(app, wrap=tkinter.WORD)
txtContent.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH, expand=tkinter.YES)


def KeyPress(event):
    textChanged.set(1)


txtContent.bind('<KeyPress>', KeyPress)

# 开始主循环
app.mainloop()

五、Tkinter实战4-简单画图程序

# __author__ = "wyb"
# date: 2018/5/11

import tkinter
import tkinter.colorchooser
import tkinter.simpledialog
import tkinter.filedialog
from PIL import Image

app = tkinter.Tk()

app.title('Paint')
app['width'] = 800
app['height'] = 600

# 控制是否允许画图的变量,1:允许，0:不允许
yesno = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)
# 控制画图类型的变量, 1:曲线, 2:直线，3:矩形, 4:文本，5:橡皮
what = tkinter.IntVar(value=1)
# 记录鼠标位置的变量
X = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)
Y = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)
# 前景色
foreColor = '#000000'
backColor = '#FFFFFF'

# 创建画布
image = tkinter.PhotoImage()
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(app, bg='white', width=800, height=600)
canvas.create_image(800, 600, image=image)


# 单击 允许画图
def onLeftButtonDown(event):
    yesno.set(1)
    X.set(event.x)
    Y.set(event.y)
    if what.get() == 4:
        # 输出文本
        canvas.create_text(event.x, event.y, text=text)


canvas.bind('<Button-1>', onLeftButtonDown)

# 记录最后绘制图形的id
lastDraw = 0


# 按住鼠标左键移动，画图
def onLeftButtonMove(event):
    if yesno.get() == 0:
        return
    if what.get() == 1:
        # 使用当前选择的前景色绘制曲线
        canvas.create_line(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y, fill=foreColor)
        X.set(event.x)
        Y.set(event.y)
    elif what.get() == 2:
        # 绘制直线，先删除刚刚画过的直线再画一条新的直线
        global lastDraw
        try:
            canvas.delete(lastDraw)
        except Exception as e:
            pass
        lastDraw = canvas.create_line(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y, fill=foreColor)
    elif what.get() == 3:
        # 绘制矩形，先删除刚刚画过的矩形，再画一个新的矩形
        # global lastDraw
        try:
            canvas.delete(lastDraw)
        except Exception as e:
            pass
        lastDraw = canvas.create_rectangle(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y, fill=backColor, outline=foreColor)
    elif what.get() == 5:
        # 橡皮 使用背景色填充10*10的矩形区域
        canvas.create_rectangle(event.x-5, event.y-5, event.x+5, event.y+5, outline=backColor, fill=backColor)


canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>', onLeftButtonMove)


# 鼠标左键抬起，不允许画图
def onLeftButtonUp(event):
    if what.get() == 2:
        # 绘制直线
        canvas.create_line(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y, fill=foreColor)
    elif what.get() == 3:
        # 绘制矩形
        canvas.create_rectangle(X.get(), Y.get(), event.x, event.y, fill=backColor, outline=foreColor)
    yesno.set(0)
    global lastDraw
    lastDraw = 0


canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', onLeftButtonUp)


# 创建菜单
menu = tkinter.Menu(app, tearoff=0)


# 打开图像文件
def Open():
    filename = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title='Open Image', filetypes=[('image', '*.jpg', '*.png', '*.gif')])
    if filename:
        global image
        image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file=filename)
        canvas.create_image(80, 80, image=image)


# 向菜单中添加Open并绑定事件处理函数
menu.add_command(lable='Open', command=Open)


# 清除绘制的图形
def Clear():
    for item in canvas.find_all():
        canvas.delete(item)


# 向菜单中添加Clear并绑定事件处理函数
menu.add_command(lable='Clear', command=Clear)
menu.add_separator()        # 添加分割线


# 创建子菜单用来选择绘图类型
menuType = tkinter.Menu(menu, tearoff=0)


def drawCurve():
    what.set(1)


def drawLine():
    what.set(2)


def drawRectangle():
    what.set(3)


def drawText():
    global text
    text = tkinter.simpledialog.askstring(title='Input what you want to draw', prompt='')
    what.set(4)


# 向子菜单中添加Curve并绑定事件处理函数
menuType.add_command(lable='Curve', command=drawCurve)
# 向子菜单中添加Curve并绑定事件处理函数
menuType.add_command(lable='Line', command=drawLine)
# 向子菜单中添加Rectangle并绑定事件处理函数
menuType.add_command(lable='Rectangle', command=drawRectangle)
# 向子菜单中添加Text并绑定事件处理函数
menuType.add_command(lable='Text', command=drawText)
menuType.add_separator()        # 添加分割线


# 选择前景色
def chooseForeColor():
    global foreColor
    foreColor = tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()


# 选择背景色
def chooseBackColor():
    global backColor
    backColor = tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()


menuType.add_command(lable='Choose Foreground Color', command=chooseForeColor)
menuType.add_command(lable='Choose Backgound Color', command=chooseBackColor)


# 橡皮
def onErase():
    what.set(5)


menuType.add_command(label='Erase', command=onErase)
menu.add_cascade(label='Type', menu=menuType)


# 鼠标右键抬起，在鼠标位置弹出菜单
def onRightButtonUp(event):
    menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)


canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-3>', onRightButtonUp)
canvas.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH, expand=tkinter.YES)

app.mainloop()

六、Tkinter实战5-电子时钟

import tkinter
import threading
import datetime
import time

app = tkinter.Tk()
app.overrideredirect(True)          # 不显示标题栏
app.attributes('-alpha', 0.9)       # 半透明
app.attributes('-topmost', 1)       # 总是在顶端
app.geometry('110x25+500+200')      # 初始大小与位置
labelDateTime = tkinter.Label(app)
labelDateTime.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH, expand=tkinter.YES)
labelDateTime.configure(bg='gray')
X = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)  # 记录鼠标左键按下的位置
Y = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)
canMove = tkinter.IntVar(value=0)  # 窗口是否可拖动
still = tkinter.IntVar(value=1)  # 是否仍在运行


def onLeftButtonDown(event):
    app.attributes('-alpha', 0.4)  # 开始拖动时增加透明度
    X.set(event.x)  # 鼠标左键按下，记录当前位置
    Y.set(event.y)
    canMove.set(1)  # 并标记窗口可拖动
    labelDateTime.bind('<Button-1>', onLeftButtonDown)


def onLeftButtonUp(event):
    app.attributes('-alpha', 0.9)  # 停止拖动时恢复透明度


canMove.set(0)  # 鼠标左键抬起，标记窗口不可拖动
labelDateTime.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', onLeftButtonUp)


def onLeftButtonMove(event):
    if canMove.get()==0:
        return
    newX = app.winfo_x() + (event.x - X.get())
    newY = app.winfo_y() + (event.y - Y.get())
    g = '110x25+' + str(newX) + '+' + str(newY)
    app.geometry(g)  # 修改窗口的位置
    labelDateTime.bind('<B1-Motion>', onLeftButtonMove)


def onRightButtonDown(event):
    still.set(0)
    t.join(0.2)
    app.destroy()  # 关闭窗口
    labelDateTime.bind('<Button-3>', onRightButtonDown)


def nowDateTime():
    while still.get() == 1:
        now = datetime.datetime.now()
        s = str(now.year) + '-' + str(now.month) + '-' + str(now.day) + ' '
        s = s + str(now.hour) + ':' + str(now.minute) + ':' + str(now.second)
        labelDateTime['text'] = s  # 显示当前时间
        time.sleep(0.2)


t = threading.Thread(target=nowDateTime)
t.daemon = True
t.start()
app.mainloop()