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  • @RequestParam @RequestBody @PathVariable 等参数绑定注解详解

    引言:

    接上一篇文章,对@RequestMapping进行地址映射讲解之后,该篇主要讲解request 数据到handler method 参数数据的绑定所用到的注解和什么情形下使用;

    简介:

    handler method 参数绑定常用的注解,我们根据他们处理的Request的不同内容部分分为四类:(主要讲解常用类型)

    A、处理requet uri 部分(这里指uri template中variable,不含queryString部分)的注解:   @PathVariable;

    B、处理request header部分的注解:   @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;

    C、处理request body部分的注解:@RequestParam,  @RequestBody;

    D、处理attribute类型是注解: @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;

    1、 @PathVariable

    当使用@RequestMapping URI template 样式映射时, 即 someUrl/{paramId}, 这时的paramId可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上。

    示例代码:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. @Controller
    2. @RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}") 
    3. public class RelativePathUriTemplateController { 
    4. @RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}") 
    5. public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {     
    6. // implementation omitted
    7.   } 

    上面代码把URI template 中变量 ownerId的值和petId的值,绑定到方法的参数上。若方法参数名称和需要绑定的uri template中变量名称不一致,需要在@PathVariable("name")指定uri template中的名称。

    2、 @RequestHeader、@CookieValue

    @RequestHeader 注解,可以把Request请求header部分的值绑定到方法的参数上。

    示例代码:

    这是一个Request 的header部分:

    [plain] view plaincopy

    1. Host                    localhost:8080 
    2. Accept                  text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9 
    3. Accept-Language         fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 
    4. Accept-Encoding         gzip,deflate 
    5. Accept-Charset          ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 
    6. Keep-Alive              300 

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. @RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do") 
    2. public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding, 
    3. @RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive)  { 
    4. //...

    上面的代码,把request header部分的 Accept-Encoding的值,绑定到参数encoding上了, Keep-Alive header的值绑定到参数keepAlive上。

    @CookieValue 可以把Request header中关于cookie的值绑定到方法的参数上。

    例如有如下Cookie值:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84 

    参数绑定的代码:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. @RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do") 
    2. public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie)  { 
    3. //...

    即把JSESSIONID的值绑定到参数cookie上。

    3、@RequestParam, @RequestBody

    @RequestParam

    A) 常用来处理简单类型的绑定,通过Request.getParameter() 获取的String可直接转换为简单类型的情况( String--> 简单类型的转换操作由ConversionService配置的转换器来完成);因为使用request.getParameter()方式获取参数,所以可以处理get 方式中queryString的值,也可以处理post方式中 body data的值;

    B)用来处理Content-Type: 为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,提交方式GET、POST;

    C) 该注解有两个属性: value、required; value用来指定要传入值的id名称,required用来指示参数是否必须绑定;

    示例代码:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. @Controller
    2. @RequestMapping("/pets") 
    3. @SessionAttributes("pet") 
    4. public class EditPetForm { 
    5. // ...
    6. @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) 
    7. public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model) { 
    8.         Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId); 
    9.         model.addAttribute("pet", pet); 
    10. return "petForm"; 
    11.     } 
    12. // ...

    @RequestBody

    该注解常用来处理Content-Type: 不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,例如application/json, application/xml等;

    它是通过使用HandlerAdapter 配置的HttpMessageConverters来解析post data body,然后绑定到相应的bean上的。

    因为配置有FormHttpMessageConverter,所以也可以用来处理 application/x-www-form-urlencoded的内容,处理完的结果放在一个MultiValueMap<String, String>里,这种情况在某些特殊需求下使用,详情查看FormHttpMessageConverter api;

    示例代码:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. @RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT) 
    2. public void handle(@RequestBody String body, Writer writer) throws IOException { 
    3.   writer.write(body); 
    4、@SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute

    @SessionAttributes:

    该注解用来绑定HttpSession中的attribute对象的值,便于在方法中的参数里使用。

    该注解有value、types两个属性,可以通过名字和类型指定要使用的attribute 对象;

    示例代码:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. @Controller
    2. @RequestMapping("/editPet.do") 
    3. @SessionAttributes("pet") 
    4. public class EditPetForm { 
    5. // ...

    @ModelAttribute

    该注解有两个用法,一个是用于方法上,一个是用于参数上;

    用于方法上时:  通常用来在处理@RequestMapping之前,为请求绑定需要从后台查询的model;

    用于参数上时: 用来通过名称对应,把相应名称的值绑定到注解的参数bean上;要绑定的值来源于:

    A) @SessionAttributes 启用的attribute 对象上;

    B) @ModelAttribute 用于方法上时指定的model对象;

    C) 上述两种情况都没有时,new一个需要绑定的bean对象,然后把request中按名称对应的方式把值绑定到bean中。

    用到方法上@ModelAttribute的示例代码:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. // Add one attribute
    2. // The return value of the method is added to the model under the name "account"
    3. // You can customize the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount")
    4. @ModelAttribute
    5. public Account addAccount(@RequestParam String number) { 
    6. return accountManager.findAccount(number); 

    这种方式实际的效果就是在调用@RequestMapping的方法之前,为request对象的model里put(“account”, Account);

    用在参数上的@ModelAttribute示例代码:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. @RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST) 
    2. public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet) { 

    首先查询 @SessionAttributes有无绑定的Pet对象,若没有则查询@ModelAttribute方法层面上是否绑定了Pet对象,若没有则将URI template中的值按对应的名称绑定到Pet对象的各属性上。

    补充讲解:

    问题: 在不给定注解的情况下,参数是怎样绑定的?

    通过分析AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的源代码发现,方法的参数在不给定参数的情况下:

    若要绑定的对象时简单类型:  调用@RequestParam来处理的。

    若要绑定的对象时复杂类型:  调用@ModelAttribute来处理的。

    这里的简单类型指java的原始类型(boolean, int 等)、原始类型对象(Boolean, Int等)、String、Date等ConversionService里可以直接String转换成目标对象的类型;

    下面贴出AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter中绑定参数的部分源代码:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. private Object[] resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler, 
    2.             NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel) throws Exception { 
    3.         Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes(); 
    4.         Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length]; 
    5. for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { 
    6.             MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(handlerMethod, i); 
    7.             methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer); 
    8.             GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass()); 
    9.             String paramName = null; 
    10.             String headerName = null; 
    11. boolean requestBodyFound = false; 
    12.             String cookieName = null; 
    13.             String pathVarName = null; 
    14.             String attrName = null; 
    15. boolean required = false; 
    16.             String defaultValue = null; 
    17. boolean validate = false; 
    18.             Object[] validationHints = null; 
    19. int annotationsFound = 0; 
    20.             Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations(); 
    21. for (Annotation paramAnn : paramAnns) { 
    22. if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) { 
    23.                     RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn; 
    24.                     paramName = requestParam.value(); 
    25.                     required = requestParam.required(); 
    26.                     defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue()); 
    27.                     annotationsFound++; 
    28.                 } 
    29. else if (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) { 
    30.                     RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn; 
    31.                     headerName = requestHeader.value(); 
    32.                     required = requestHeader.required(); 
    33.                     defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue()); 
    34.                     annotationsFound++; 
    35.                 } 
    36. else if (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) { 
    37.                     requestBodyFound = true; 
    38.                     annotationsFound++; 
    39.                 } 
    40. else if (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) { 
    41.                     CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn; 
    42.                     cookieName = cookieValue.value(); 
    43.                     required = cookieValue.required(); 
    44.                     defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue()); 
    45.                     annotationsFound++; 
    46.                 } 
    47. else if (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) { 
    48.                     PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn; 
    49.                     pathVarName = pathVar.value(); 
    50.                     annotationsFound++; 
    51.                 } 
    52. else if (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) { 
    53.                     ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn; 
    54.                     attrName = attr.value(); 
    55.                     annotationsFound++; 
    56.                 } 
    57. else if (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) { 
    58.                     defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value(); 
    59.                 } 
    60. else if (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith("Valid")) { 
    61.                     validate = true; 
    62.                     Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn); 
    63.                     validationHints = (value instanceof Object[] ? (Object[]) value : new Object[] {value}); 
    64.                 } 
    65.             } 
    66. if (annotationsFound > 1) { 
    67. throw new IllegalStateException("Handler parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " + 
    68. "do not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod); 
    69.             } 
    70. if (annotationsFound == 0) {// 若没有发现注解
    71.                 Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest);    //判断WebRquest是否可赋值给参数
    72. if (argValue != WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) { 
    73.                     args[i] = argValue; 
    74.                 } 
    75. else if (defaultValue != null) { 
    76.                     args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue); 
    77.                 } 
    78. else { 
    79.                     Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType(); 
    80. if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) { 
    81. if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass())) { 
    82. throw new IllegalStateException("Argument [" + paramType.getSimpleName() + "] is of type " + 
    83. "Model or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " + 
    84. "newer MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument."); 
    85.                         } 
    86.                         args[i] = implicitModel; 
    87.                     } 
    88. else if (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) { 
    89.                         args[i] = this.sessionStatus; 
    90.                     } 
    91. else if (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) { 
    92.                         args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest); 
    93.                     } 
    94. else if (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) { 
    95. throw new IllegalStateException("Errors/BindingResult argument declared " + 
    96. "without preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!"); 
    97.                     } 
    98. else if (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType)) {// 判断是否参数类型是否是简单类型,若是在使用@RequestParam方式来处理,否则使用@ModelAttribute方式处理
    99.                         paramName = ""; 
    100.                     } 
    101. else { 
    102.                         attrName = ""; 
    103.                     } 
    104.                 } 
    105.             } 
    106. if (paramName != null) { 
    107.                 args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
    108.             } 
    109. else if (headerName != null) { 
    110.                 args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
    111.             } 
    112. else if (requestBodyFound) { 
    113.                 args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
    114.             } 
    115. else if (cookieName != null) { 
    116.                 args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
    117.             } 
    118. else if (pathVarName != null) { 
    119.                 args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler); 
    120.             } 
    121. else if (attrName != null) { 
    122.                 WebDataBinder binder = 
    123.                         resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler); 
    124. boolean assignBindingResult = (args.length > i + 1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i + 1])); 
    125. if (binder.getTarget() != null) { 
    126.                     doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult); 
    127.                 } 
    128.                 args[i] = binder.getTarget(); 
    129. if (assignBindingResult) { 
    130.                     args[i + 1] = binder.getBindingResult(); 
    131.                     i++; 
    132.                 } 
    133.                 implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel()); 
    134.             } 
    135.         } 
    136. return args; 
    137.     } 

    RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中使用的参数绑定,代码稍微有些不同,有兴趣的同仁可以分析下,最后处理的结果都是一样的。

    示例:

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. @RequestMapping ({"/", "/home"}) 
    2. public String showHomePage(String key){ 
    3.         logger.debug("key="+key); 
    4. return "home"; 
    5.     } 

    这种情况下,就调用默认的@RequestParam来处理。

    [java] view plaincopy

    1. @RequestMapping (method = RequestMethod.POST) 
    2. public String doRegister(User user){ 
    3. if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){ 
    4.         logger.debug("process url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass()); 
    5.         logger.debug(user); 
    6.     } 
    7. return "user"; 

    这种情况下,就调用@ModelAttribute来处理。

    参考文档:

    1、 Spring Web Doc:

    spring-3.1.0/docs/spring-framework-reference/html/mvc.html
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wych/p/4075588.html
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