SQL2005导入导出数据库方法集合

在涉及到SQL Server编程或是管理时一定会用到数据的导入与导出, 导入导出的方法有多种,结合我在做项目时的经历做一下汇总:

1. SQL Server导入导出向导,这种方式是最方便的.

 

导入向导,微软提供了多种数据源驱动,包括SQL Server Native Cliant, OLE DB For Oracle,Flat File Source,Access,Excel,XML等,基本上可以满足系统开发的需求.

同样导出向导也有同样多的目的源驱动,可以把数据导入到不同的目的源.

对数据库管理人员来说这种方式简单容易操作,导入时SQL Server也会帮你建立相同结构的Table.

2. 用.NET的代码实现(比如有一个txt或是excel的档案,到读取到DB中)

   2.1 最为常见的就是循环读取txt的内容,然后一条一条的塞入到Table中.这里不再赘述.

   2.2 集合整体读取,使用OLEDB驱动.

代码如下:  

 

string strOLEDBConnect = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=D:\1\;Extended Properties='text;HDR=Yes;FMT=Delimited'";
OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strOLEDBConnect);
conn.Open();
SQLstmt = "select * from 1.txt";//读取.txt中的数据
DataTable dt=new DataTable();
OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(SQLstmt, conn);
da.Fill(dt);//在DataSet的指定范围中添加或刷新行以匹配使用DataSet、DataTable 和IDataReader 名称的数据源中的行。
if(dt.Rows.Count>0)
foreach(DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
{
SQLstmt = "insert into MyTable values('" + dr..."

 

3.BCP,可以用作大容量的数据导入导出,也可以配合来使用.

语法:

bcp {[[database_name.][schema].]{table_name | view_name} | "query"}
{in | out | queryout | format} data_file
[-mmax_errors] [-fformat_file] [-x] [-eerr_file]
[-Ffirst_row] [-Llast_row] [-bbatch_size]
[-ddatabase_name] [-n] [-c] [-N] [-w] [-V (70 | 80 | 90 )] 
[-q] [-C { ACP | OEM | RAW | code_page } ] [-tfield_term] 
[-rrow_term] [-iinput_file] [-ooutput_file] [-apacket_size]
[-S [server_name[\instance_name]]] [-Ulogin_id] [-Ppassword]
[-T] [-v] [-R] [-k] [-E] [-h"hint [,...n]"]

请注意数据导入导出的方向参数:in,out,queryout

如:  

 

如:

EXEC   master..xp_cmdshell   'bcp   "select name,email from tblcustom.dbo.Table_Member" queryout   "d:\tt.txt" -c -T'

EXEC   master..xp_cmdshell   'bcp "select email,name from tblcustom.dbo.Table_Member where email like ''%web.myhome@yahoo.com%'' or email=''1547469024@qq.com''  union select top 200 email,name  from tblcustom.dbo.Table_Member" queryout   "d:\tt.xls" -c -T'

 

4.BULK INSERT. T-SQL的命令,允许直接导入数据

语法:  

BULK INSERT 
[ database_name. [ schema_name ] . | schema_name. ] [ table_name | view_name ] 
FROM 'data_file' 
[ WITH 
( 
[ [ , ] BATCHSIZE =batch_size ] 
[ [ , ] CHECK_CONSTRAINTS ] 
[ [ , ] CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ] 
[ [ , ] DATAFILETYPE = 
{ 'char' | 'native'| 'widechar' | 'widenative' } ] 
[ [ , ] FIELDTERMINATOR = 'field_terminator' ] 
[ [ , ] FIRSTROW = first_row ] 
[ [ , ] FIRE_TRIGGERS ] 
[ [ , ] FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' ] 
[ [ , ] KEEPIDENTITY ] 
[ [ , ] KEEPNULLS ] 
[ [ , ] KILOBYTES_PER_BATCH =kilobytes_per_batch ] 
[ [ , ] LASTROW =last_row ] 
[ [ , ] MAXERRORS =max_errors ] 
[ [ , ] ORDER ( { column [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n ] ) ] 
[ [ , ] ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ] 
[ [ , ] ROWTERMINATOR ='row_terminator' ] 
[ [ , ] TABLOCK ] 
[ [ , ] ERRORFILE ='file_name' ] 
)] 

 

重要参数:

FIELDTERMINATOR,字段分隔符

FIRSTROW:第一个数据行

ROWTERMINATOR:行终结符 

如:

BULK INSERT dbo.ImportTest
FROM 'C:\ImportData.txt'
WITH ( FIELDTERMINATOR =',', FIRSTROW = 2 )

 

 5. OPENROWSET也是T-SQL的命令,包含有DB连接的信息和其它导入方法不同的是,OPENROWSET可以作为一个目标表参与INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE操作.

语法:  

OPENROWSET 
( { 'provider_name', { 'datasource';'user_id';'password' 
| 'provider_string' } 
, { [ catalog. ] [ schema. ] object 
| 'query' 
} 
| BULK 'data_file', 
{ FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' [ <bulk_options> ]
| SINGLE_BLOB | SINGLE_CLOB | SINGLE_NCLOB }
} )<bulk_options> ::=
[ , CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ] 
[ , ERRORFILE ='file_name' ]
[ , FIRSTROW = first_row ] 
[ , LASTROW = last_row ] 
[ , MAXERRORS = maximum_errors ] 
[ , ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ] 

如:

INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Excel 8.0;Database=C:\ImportData.xls', 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]') WHERE A1 IS NOT NULL

 

6.OPENDATASOURCE

 语法:

OPENDATASOURCE ( provider_name,init_string )

如:

INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
SELECT * FROM OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source=C:\ImportData.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 8.0')...[Sheet1$]

7.OPENQUERY.是在linked server的基础上执行的查询.所以执行之前必须先建立好link server.OPENQUERY的结果集可以作为一个table参与DML的操作.

语法:

OPENQUERY (linked_server ,'query')

如:

EXEC sp_addlinkedserver 'ImportData',
   'Jet 4.0', 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
   'C:\ImportData.xls',
   NULL,
   'Excel 8.0'
GO

INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
SELECT *
FROM OPENQUERY(ImportData, 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]')

 

以上只是简单总结的一些DB数据导入导出的方法及其一些简单的实例,希望对你实践中会有所帮助.