题意:找到一个图中是否含有奇环和偶环
题解:
1.用了两种发法。一个就是跟bc给的答案一样,先求弱联通分量。再在环中找奇偶环
2.我想到的一个略微省些代码量的方法。边求联通分量,边推断是否含有奇环偶环。奇环一定能推断出来,可是偶环
可能被两个奇数环取代而没有在遍历中发现
3.解决问题用到鸽巢定理。先推断有n个联通分量。假设有m个奇环(m > n)则一定有两个奇环在一个连通分量
中,两个奇环可以变成一个偶环,(有个地方须要注意就是:对于单点。当作是一个奇环处理)。
总结:
1.開始想到的解题方法跟标答一样,认为并非特别难,写代码的时候感觉特别困。迷迷糊糊的写完了就WA了,睡醒
之后,又一次一句一句检查代码,感觉状态不好的时候写的代码简直就是恶心,错误百出,以后状态不好的时候直接休
息
2.后来想到这个优化的方法,写了也WA,第二天才发现题目读错了。这个图可能不是联通的,第一种方法的错误代码
居然ac了,感觉以后千万不要死扣一个错误,找不到就做会别的事情。再回过头来继续找的时候。也不要局限于一个
小范围。着眼于全局查错!
第一种标答方法:
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000") #include<iostream> #include<cstring> #include<cstdio> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; #define MAXN 100005 #define MAXM 300005 int n,m,_,e,top,cnt,bcc,odd,even,ans1,ans2; int first[MAXN],dfn[MAXN],stack[MAXN]; int id[MAXN],color[MAXN],vis[MAXN]; struct Edge { int next,v; }edge[MAXM << 1]; void insert(int u,int v) { edge[e].v = v; edge[e].next = first[u]; first[u] = e++; } void bipartite(int u,int bcc) { for(int i = first[u];i != -1;i = edge[i].next)if(!vis[i] && !vis[i ^ 1]) { int v = edge[i].v; if(id[v] != bcc)continue; vis[i] = vis[i ^ 1] = true; if(color[v] && color[u] != color[v])even++; if(color[u] == color[v])odd++; else if(!color[v]) { color[v] = 3 - color[u]; bipartite(v,bcc); } } } void search(int bcc,int u) { even = odd = 0; color[u] = 1; bipartite(u,bcc); if(odd > 1)even = true; ans1 = max(odd,ans1); ans2 = max(ans2,even); } int dfs(int u,int fa) { int lowu = dfn[u] = ++cnt; stack[++top] = u; for(int i = first[u];i != -1;i = edge[i].next)if((i ^ 1) != fa) { int v = edge[i].v; if(!dfn[v]) { int lowv = dfs(v,i); lowu = min(lowu,lowv); if(dfn[u] < lowv) { bcc++; do { id[stack[top--]] = bcc; }while(stack[top + 1] != v); } } else lowu = min(lowu,dfn[v]); } return lowu; } void solve() { ans1 = ans2 = 0; memset(dfn,0,sizeof(dfn)); memset(color,0,sizeof(color)); memset(id,0,sizeof(id)); memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis)); bcc = cnt = top = 0; for(int i = 1;i <= n;i++)if(!dfn[i])dfs(1,-1); for(int u = 1;u <= n;u++) if(!color[u]) { search(id[u],u); if(ans1 && ans2)return; } } int main() { scanf("%d",&_); while(_--) { scanf("%d%d",&n,&m); memset(first,-1,sizeof(first)); e = 0; for(int i = 0;i < m;i++) { int u,v; scanf("%d%d",&u,&v); insert(u,v),insert(v,u); } solve(); if(ans1)puts("YES"); else puts("NO"); if(ans2)puts("YES"); else puts("NO"); } }
优化后的方法:
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000") #include<iostream> #include<cstring> #include<cstdio> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; #define MAXN 100005 #define MAXM 300005 int n,m,_,e,top,cnt,bcc,odd,even,point; int first[MAXN],dfn[MAXN],stack[MAXN],color[MAXN]; bool vis[MAXM << 1]; struct Edge { int next,v; }edge[MAXM << 1]; void insert(int u,int v) { edge[e].v = v; edge[e].next = first[u]; first[u] = e++; } int dfs(int u) { int lowu = dfn[u] = ++cnt; stack[++top] = u; for(int i = first[u];i != -1;i = edge[i].next)if(!vis[i] && !vis[i ^ 1]) { int v = edge[i].v; vis[i] = vis[i ^ 1] = true; if(color[v] + color[u] == 3)even++; if(color[u] == color[v])odd++; if(!dfn[v]) { color[v] = 3 - color[u]; int lowv = dfs(v); lowu = min(lowu,lowv); if(dfn[u] < lowv) { bcc++; int num = 0; do { num++; }while(stack[top--] != v); if(num == 1)point++; } } else lowu = min(lowu,dfn[v]); } return lowu; } void solve() { even = odd = point = 0; memset(dfn,0,sizeof(dfn)); memset(color,0,sizeof(color)); memset(vis,false,sizeof(vis)); bcc = 0; cnt = top = 0; for(int i = 1;i <= n;i++)if(!dfn[i]) { bcc++; color[i] = 1; dfs(i); } if(top == 1)point++; if(point + odd > bcc)even++; } int main() { scanf("%d",&_); while(_--) { scanf("%d%d",&n,&m); memset(first,-1,sizeof(first)); e = 0; for(int i = 0;i < m;i++) { int u,v; scanf("%d%d",&u,&v); insert(u,v),insert(v,u); } solve(); if(odd)puts("YES"); else puts("NO"); if(even)puts("YES"); else puts("NO"); } }