第09课：【实战】Redis网络通信模块源码分析（2）

侦听 fd 与客户端 fd 是如何挂载到 EPFD 上去的

　　同样的方式，要把一个 fd 挂载到 EPFD 上去，需要调用系统 API epoll_ctl ，搜索一下这个函数名。在文件 ae_epoll.c 中我们找到 aeApiAddEvent 函数：

static int aeApiAddEvent(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int fd, int mask) {
    aeApiState *state = eventLoop->apidata;
    struct epoll_event ee = {0}; /* avoid valgrind warning */
    /* If the fd was already monitored for some event, we need a MOD
     * operation. Otherwise we need an ADD operation. */
    int op = eventLoop->events[fd].mask == AE_NONE ?
            EPOLL_CTL_ADD : EPOLL_CTL_MOD;

    ee.events = 0;
    mask |= eventLoop->events[fd].mask; /* Merge old events */
    if (mask & AE_READABLE) ee.events |= EPOLLIN;
    if (mask & AE_WRITABLE) ee.events |= EPOLLOUT;
    ee.data.fd = fd;
    if (epoll_ctl(state->epfd,op,fd,&ee) == -1) return -1;
    return 0;
}

　　

　　当把一个 fd 绑定到 EPFD 上去的时候，先从 eventLoop（ aeEventLoop类型 ）中寻找是否存在已关注的事件类型，如果已经有了，说明使用 epoll_ctl 是更改已绑定的 fd 事件类型（ EPOLL_CTL_MOD ），否则就是添加 fd 到 EPFD 上。

　　在 aeApiAddEvent 加个断点，再重启下 redis-server 。触发断点后的调用堆栈如下：

#0  aeCreateFileEvent (eventLoop=0x7ffff083a0a0, fd=15, mask=mask@entry=1, proc=0x437f50 <acceptTcpHandler>, clientData=clientData@entry=0x0) at ae.c:145
#1  0x000000000042f83b in initServer () at server.c:1927
#2  0x0000000000423803 in main (argc=<optimized out>, argv=0x7fffffffe588) at server.c:3857

　　同样在 initServer 函数中，结合上文分析的侦听 fd 的创建过程，去掉无关代码，抽出这个函数的主脉络得到如下伪代码：

void initServer(void) {

    //记录程序进程 ID   
    server.pid = getpid();

    //创建程序的 aeEventLoop 对象和 epfd 对象
    server.el = aeCreateEventLoop(server.maxclients+CONFIG_FDSET_INCR);

    //创建侦听 fd
    listenToPort(server.port,server.ipfd,&server.ipfd_count) == C_ERR)

    //将侦听 fd 设置为非阻塞的
    anetNonBlock(NULL,server.sofd);

    //创建 Redis 的定时器，用于执行定时任务 cron
    /* Create the timer callback, this is our way to process many background
     * operations incrementally, like clients timeout, eviction of unaccessed
     * expired keys and so forth. */
    aeCreateTimeEvent(server.el, 1, serverCron, NULL, NULL) == AE_ERR

    //将侦听 fd 绑定到 epfd 上去
    /* Create an event handler for accepting new connections in TCP and Unix
     * domain sockets. */
     aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, server.ipfd[j], AE_READABLE, acceptTcpHandler,NULL) == AE_ERR

    //创建一个管道，用于在需要时去唤醒 epoll_wait 挂起的整个 EventLoop
    /* Register a readable event for the pipe used to awake the event loop
     * when a blocked client in a module needs attention. */
    aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, server.module_blocked_pipe[0], AE_READABLE, moduleBlockedClientPipeReadable,NULL) == AE_ERR)
}

　　

　　注意：这里所说的“主脉络”是指我们关心的网络通信的主脉络，不代表这个函数中其他代码就不是主要的。

　　如何验证这个断点处挂载到 EPFD 上的 fd 就是侦听 fd 呢？很简单，创建侦听 fd 时，用 GDB 记录下这个 fd 的值。例如，当我的电脑某次运行时，侦听 fd 的值是 15 。如下图（ 调试工具用的是 CGDB ）：

然后在运行程序至绑定 fd 的地方，确认一下绑定到 EPFD 上的 fd 值：

　　这里的 fd 值也是 15 ，说明绑定的 fd 是侦听 fd 。当然在绑定侦听 fd 时，同时也指定了只关注可读事件，并设置事件回调函数为 acceptTcpHandler 。对于侦听 fd ，一般只要关注可读事件就可以了，当触发可读事件，说明有新的连接到来。

aeCreateFileEvent(server.el, server.ipfd[j], AE_READABLE, acceptTcpHandler,NULL) == AE_ERR

　　acceptTcpHandler 函数定义如下（ 位于文件 networking.c 中 ）：

void acceptTcpHandler(aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *privdata, int mask) {
    int cport, cfd, max = MAX_ACCEPTS_PER_CALL;
    char cip[NET_IP_STR_LEN];
    UNUSED(el);
    UNUSED(mask);
    UNUSED(privdata);

    while(max--) {
        cfd = anetTcpAccept(server.neterr, fd, cip, sizeof(cip), &cport);
        if (cfd == ANET_ERR) {
            if (errno != EWOULDBLOCK)
                serverLog(LL_WARNING,
                    "Accepting client connection: %s", server.neterr);
            return;
        }
        serverLog(LL_VERBOSE,"Accepted %s:%d", cip, cport);
        acceptCommonHandler(cfd,0,cip);
    }
}

　　anetTcpAccept 函数中调用的就是我们上面说的 anetGenericAccept 函数了。

int anetTcpAccept(char *err, int s, char *ip, size_t ip_len, int *port) {
    int fd;
    struct sockaddr_storage sa;
    socklen_t salen = sizeof(sa);
    if ((fd = anetGenericAccept(err,s,(struct sockaddr*)&sa,&salen)) == -1)
        return ANET_ERR;

    if (sa.ss_family == AF_INET) {
        struct sockaddr_in *s = (struct sockaddr_in *)&sa;
        if (ip) inet_ntop(AF_INET,(void*)&(s->sin_addr),ip,ip_len);
        if (port) *port = ntohs(s->sin_port);
    } else {
        struct sockaddr_in6 *s = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&sa;
        if (ip) inet_ntop(AF_INET6,(void*)&(s->sin6_addr),ip,ip_len);
        if (port) *port = ntohs(s->sin6_port);
    }
    return fd;
}

　　

　　至此，这段流程总算连起来了，在 acceptTcpHandler 上加个断点，然后重新运行一下 redis-server ，再开个 redis-cli 去连接 redis-server 。看看是否能触发该断点，如果能触发该断点，说明我们的分析是正确的。

　　经验证，确实触发了该断点。

　　在 acceptTcpHandler 中成功接受新连接后，产生客户端 fd ，然后调用 acceptCommonHandler 函数，在该函数中调用 createClient 函数，在 createClient 函数中先将客户端 fd 设置成非阻塞的，然后将该 fd 关联到 EPFD 上去，同时记录到整个程序的 aeEventLoop 对象上。

client *createClient(int fd) {
    //将客户端 fd 设置成非阻塞的
    anetNonBlock(NULL,fd);
    //启用 tcp NoDelay 选项
    anetEnableTcpNoDelay(NULL,fd);
    //根据配置，决定是否启动 tcpkeepalive 选项
    if (server.tcpkeepalive)
        anetKeepAlive(NULL,fd,server.tcpkeepalive);
    //将客户端 fd 绑定到 epfd，同时记录到 aeEventLoop 上，关注的事件为 AE_READABLE，回调函数为
    //readQueryFromClient
    aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_READABLE, readQueryFromClient, c) == AE_ERR

    return c;
}

　　

如何处理 fd 可读事件

　　客户端 fd 触发可读事件后，回调函数是 readQueryFromClient 。该函数实现如下（ 位于 networking.c 文件中）：

void readQueryFromClient(aeEventLoop *el, int fd, void *privdata, int mask) {
    client *c = (client*) privdata;
    int nread, readlen;
    size_t qblen;
    UNUSED(el);
    UNUSED(mask);

    readlen = PROTO_IOBUF_LEN;
    /* If this is a multi bulk request, and we are processing a bulk reply
     * that is large enough, try to maximize the probability that the query
     * buffer contains exactly the SDS string representing the object, even
     * at the risk of requiring more read(2) calls. This way the function
     * processMultiBulkBuffer() can avoid copying buffers to create the
     * Redis Object representing the argument. */
    if (c->reqtype == PROTO_REQ_MULTIBULK && c->multibulklen && c->bulklen != -1
        && c->bulklen >= PROTO_MBULK_BIG_ARG)
    {
        int remaining = (unsigned)(c->bulklen+2)-sdslen(c->querybuf);

        if (remaining < readlen) readlen = remaining;
    }

    qblen = sdslen(c->querybuf);
    if (c->querybuf_peak < qblen) c->querybuf_peak = qblen;
    c->querybuf = sdsMakeRoomFor(c->querybuf, readlen);
    nread = read(fd, c->querybuf+qblen, readlen);
    if (nread == -1) {
        if (errno == EAGAIN) {
            return;
        } else {
            serverLog(LL_VERBOSE, "Reading from client: %s",strerror(errno));
            freeClient(c);
            return;
        }
    } else if (nread == 0) {
        serverLog(LL_VERBOSE, "Client closed connection");
        freeClient(c);
        return;
    } else if (c->flags & CLIENT_MASTER) {
        /* Append the query buffer to the pending (not applied) buffer
         * of the master. We'll use this buffer later in order to have a
         * copy of the string applied by the last command executed. */
        c->pending_querybuf = sdscatlen(c->pending_querybuf,
                                        c->querybuf+qblen,nread);
    }

    sdsIncrLen(c->querybuf,nread);
    c->lastinteraction = server.unixtime;
    if (c->flags & CLIENT_MASTER) c->read_reploff += nread;
    server.stat_net_input_bytes += nread;
    if (sdslen(c->querybuf) > server.client_max_querybuf_len) {
        sds ci = catClientInfoString(sdsempty(),c), bytes = sdsempty();

        bytes = sdscatrepr(bytes,c->querybuf,64);
        serverLog(LL_WARNING,"Closing client that reached max query buffer length: %s (qbuf initial bytes: %s)", ci, bytes);
        sdsfree(ci);
        sdsfree(bytes);
        freeClient(c);
        return;
    }

    /* Time to process the buffer. If the client is a master we need to
     * compute the difference between the applied offset before and after
     * processing the buffer, to understand how much of the replication stream
     * was actually applied to the master state: this quantity, and its
     * corresponding part of the replication stream, will be propagated to
     * the sub-slaves and to the replication backlog. */
    if (!(c->flags & CLIENT_MASTER)) {
        processInputBuffer(c);
    } else {
        size_t prev_offset = c->reploff;
        processInputBuffer(c);
        size_t applied = c->reploff - prev_offset;
        if (applied) {
            replicationFeedSlavesFromMasterStream(server.slaves,
                    c->pending_querybuf, applied);
            sdsrange(c->pending_querybuf,applied,-1);
        }
    }
}

　　给这个函数加个断点，然后重新运行下 redis-server ，再启动一个客户端，然后尝试给服务器发送一个命令“set hello world”。但是在我们实际调试的时候会发现。只要 redis-cli 一连接成功，GDB 就触发该断点，此时并没有发送我们预想的命令。我们单步调试 readQueryFromClient 函数，将收到的数据打印出来，得到如下字符串：

(gdb) p c->querybuf 
$8 = (sds) 0x7ffff09b8685 "*1
$7
COMMAND
"

　　c → querybuf 是什么呢？这里 c 的类型是 client 结构体，它是上文中连接接收成功后产生的新客户端 fd 绑定回调函数时产生的、并传递给 readQueryFromClient 函数的参数。我们可以在 server.h 中找到它的定义：

* With multiplexing we need to take per-client state.
 * Clients are taken in a linked list. */
typedef struct client {
    uint64_t id;            /* Client incremental unique ID. */
    int fd;                 /* Client socket. */
    redisDb *db;            /* Pointer to currently SELECTed DB. */
    robj *name;             /* As set by CLIENT SETNAME. */
    sds querybuf;           /* Buffer we use to accumulate client queries. */
    //省略掉部分字段
} client;

　　

　　client 实际上是存储每个客户端连接信息的对象，其 fd 字段就是当前连接的 fd，querybuf 字段就是当前连接的接收缓冲区，也就是说每个新客户端连接都会产生这样一个对象。从 fd 上收取数据后就存储在这个 querybuf 字段中。

　　我们贴一下完整的 createClient 函数的代码：

client *createClient(int fd) {
    client *c = zmalloc(sizeof(client));

    /* passing -1 as fd it is possible to create a non connected client.
     * This is useful since all the commands needs to be executed
     * in the context of a client. When commands are executed in other
     * contexts (for instance a Lua script) we need a non connected client. */
    if (fd != -1) {
        anetNonBlock(NULL,fd);
        anetEnableTcpNoDelay(NULL,fd);
        if (server.tcpkeepalive)
            anetKeepAlive(NULL,fd,server.tcpkeepalive);
        if (aeCreateFileEvent(server.el,fd,AE_READABLE,
            readQueryFromClient, c) == AE_ERR)
        {
            close(fd);
            zfree(c);
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    selectDb(c,0);
    uint64_t client_id;
    atomicGetIncr(server.next_client_id,client_id,1);
    c->id = client_id;
    c->fd = fd;
    c->name = NULL;
    c->bufpos = 0;
    c->querybuf = sdsempty();
    c->pending_querybuf = sdsempty();
    c->querybuf_peak = 0;
    c->reqtype = 0;
    c->argc = 0;
    c->argv = NULL;
    c->cmd = c->lastcmd = NULL;
    c->multibulklen = 0;
    c->bulklen = -1;
    c->sentlen = 0;
    c->flags = 0;
    c->ctime = c->lastinteraction = server.unixtime;
    c->authenticated = 0;
    c->replstate = REPL_STATE_NONE;
    c->repl_put_online_on_ack = 0;
    c->reploff = 0;
    c->read_reploff = 0;
    c->repl_ack_off = 0;
    c->repl_ack_time = 0;
    c->slave_listening_port = 0;
    c->slave_ip[0] = '';
    c->slave_capa = SLAVE_CAPA_NONE;
    c->reply = listCreate();
    c->reply_bytes = 0;
    c->obuf_soft_limit_reached_time = 0;
    listSetFreeMethod(c->reply,freeClientReplyValue);
    listSetDupMethod(c->reply,dupClientReplyValue);
    c->btype = BLOCKED_NONE;
    c->bpop.timeout = 0;
    c->bpop.keys = dictCreate(&objectKeyPointerValueDictType,NULL);
    c->bpop.target = NULL;
    c->bpop.numreplicas = 0;
    c->bpop.reploffset = 0;
    c->woff = 0;
    c->watched_keys = listCreate();
    c->pubsub_channels = dictCreate(&objectKeyPointerValueDictType,NULL);
    c->pubsub_patterns = listCreate();
    c->peerid = NULL;
    listSetFreeMethod(c->pubsub_patterns,decrRefCountVoid);
    listSetMatchMethod(c->pubsub_patterns,listMatchObjects);
    if (fd != -1) listAddNodeTail(server.clients,c);
    initClientMultiState(c);
    return c;
}