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  • 面试题12:矩阵中的路径(C++)

    题目地址:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/ju-zhen-zhong-de-lu-jing-lcof/

    题目描述

    请设计一个函数,用来判断在一个矩阵中是否存在一条包含某字符串所有字符的路径。路径可以从矩阵中的任意一格开始,每一步可以在矩阵中向左、右、上、下移动一格。如果一条路径经过了矩阵的某一格,那么该路径不能再次进入该格子。例如,在下面的3×4的矩阵中包含一条字符串“bfce”的路径(路径中的字母用加粗标出)。

    [["a","b","c","e"],
    ["s","f","c","s"],
    ["a","d","e","e"]]

    但矩阵中不包含字符串“abfb”的路径,因为字符串的第一个字符b占据了矩阵中的第一行第二个格子之后,路径不能再次进入这个格子。

    题目示例

    示例 1:

    输入:board = [["A","B","C","E"],["S","F","C","S"],["A","D","E","E"]], word = "ABCCED"
    输出:true
    示例 2:

    输入:board = [["a","b"],["c","d"]], word = "abcd"
    输出:false

    解题思路

    矩阵搜索问题一般采用回溯法,或者DFS。这里我们以word="ABCCEE"为例说明,我们先采用暴力搜索的方法寻找到word子串中第一个字母A,然后按照深度优先搜索方法DFS查找是否有和word匹配的字符串,如果找到了则直接返回true,否则,继续寻找下一个A。为了避免重复搜索,我们将搜索过的字符设置为0。

    程序源码

    DFS

    class Solution {
    public:
        bool exist(vector<vector<char>>& board, string word) {
            if(board.size() == 0) return false;
            int rows = board.size();
            int cols = board[0].size();
            for(int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
            {
                for(int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
                {
                    if(dfs(board, word, i, j, 0))
                    {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
        bool dfs(vector<vector<char>>& board, string &word, int i, int j, int word_len)
        {
            if(i >= board.size() || j >= board[0].size() || word_len >= word.size() || word[word_len] != board[i][j]) return false;
            if(word[word_len] == board[i][j] && word_len == word.size() - 1) return true;
            char ch = board[i][j];
            board[i][j] = '0';
            bool flag = dfs(board, word, i - 1, j, word_len + 1) || dfs(board, word, i + 1, j, word_len + 1) || dfs(board, word, i, j - 1, word_len + 1) || dfs(board, word, i, j + 1, word_len + 1);
            board[i][j] = ch; //避免重复进入
            return flag;
        }
    };

    巧妙解法

    class Solution {
    public:
        int x[4] = {0,0,-1,1}; //左右上下顺序
        int y[4] = {-1,1,0,0}; //左右上下顺序
        int rows, cols;
        bool exist(vector<vector<char>>& board, string word) {
            if(board.size() == 0) return false;
            rows = board.size();
            cols = board[0].size();
            for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                    if (board[i][j] == word[0]) {
                        if (dfs(board,word,i,j,1)) return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
        bool dfs(vector<vector<char>>& board,string word,int i,int j,int word_len) {
            if (word_len == word.size()) return true;
            char ch = board[i][j]; 
            board[i][j] = '0'; 
            for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
                int dfs_x = x[k] + i; 
                int dfs_y = y[k] + j;
                if (dfs_x >= 0 && dfs_x < rows && dfs_y >= 0 && dfs_y < cols && word[word_len] == board[dfs_x][dfs_y]) {
                    if (dfs(board,word,dfs_x,dfs_y,word_len + 1)) return true;
                }
            }
            board[i][j] = ch;
            return false;
        }
    };
    ----------------------------------- 心之所向,素履所往;生如逆旅,一苇以航。 ------------------------------------------
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wzw0625/p/12720152.html
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