一个简单的双向链表（C++实现）

直接上代码，亲测有用。

#ifndef __DLINK_H__
#define __DLINK_H__
/*
    [phead] -> [index0] -> [index1] -> [index2] -> ...... [phead]
    [phead] <- [index0] <- [index1] <- [index2] <- ...... [phead]
    phead 不存储数据。 index是从0开始的。count = index + 1；
*/
template <class T>
struct node
{
public:
    node(){}
    node(T a, node *p1, node *p2)
    {
        this->data = a;
        this->next = p2;
        this->prev = p1;
    }
    node *next;
    node *prev;
    T data;
};
template <class T>
class Dlink
{
public:
    Dlink();
    ~Dlink();
    
    int create_Dlink();
    int destroy_Dlink();
    int getCount();
    int insert_Dlink(int index, T tData);
    int insert_Dlink_first(T tData);
    int insert_Dlink_last(T tData);
    T get_Dlink(int index);
    T get_Dlink_first();
    T get_Dlink_last();
    int delete_Dlink(int index);
    int delete_Dlink_first();
    int delete_Dlink_last();
    
private:
    node<T> *get_node(int index);
    node<T> *m_pHead;
    int m_nCount;
};
template <class T>
Dlink<T>::Dlink()
{
    m_pHead = NULL;
    m_nCount = 0;
}
template <class T>
Dlink<T>::~Dlink()
{
    
}
template <class T>
node<T> *Dlink<T>::get_node(int index)
{
    if(index < 0 || index >= m_nCount)
    {
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error" << endl;
        return NULL;
    }
#if 0
    node<T> *pnode = m_pHead->next;
    int i = 0;
    while(i < m_nCount)
    {
        if(i == index)
        {
            return pnode;
        }
        pnode = pnode->next;
        i++;
    }
#else
    // 正向查找
    if(index <= m_nCount/2)
    {
        int i = 0;
        node<T> *pnode = m_pHead->next;
        while(i <= m_nCount/2)
        {
            if(i == index)
            {
                return pnode;
            }
            pnode = pnode->next;
            i++;
        }
    }
    else  // 反向查找
    {
        node<T> *pnode = m_pHead->prev;
        int i = m_nCount - 1; // 注意这里是必须要减一。因为m_nCount = index + 1;
        while(i > (m_nCount/2))
        {
            if(i == index)
            {
                return pnode;
            }
            pnode = pnode->prev;
            i--;
        }
    }
#endif
    return NULL;
}
template <class T>
int Dlink<T>::create_Dlink()
{
    m_pHead = new node<T>();
    m_pHead->next = m_pHead->prev = m_pHead; // 这个初始化非常重要
    return 0;
}
template <class T>
int Dlink<T>::destroy_Dlink()
{
    if(!m_pHead)
    {    
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error" << endl;
        return -1;    
    }
    node<T> *pnode = m_pHead->next;
    node<T> *tmp;
    while(pnode != m_pHead)
    {
        tmp = pnode;
        pnode = pnode->next;
        delete tmp;
        tmp = NULL;
    }
    delete m_pHead;
    m_pHead = NULL;
    m_nCount = 0;
    return 0;
}
template <class T>
int Dlink<T>::getCount()
{
    return m_nCount;
}
// index 表示要插入后的位置，所以这里可以等于m_nCount。表示在最后一个
template <class T>
int Dlink<T>::insert_Dlink(int index, T tData)
{
    if(!m_pHead)
    {    
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error" << endl;
        return -1;    
    }
    if(index < 0 || index > m_nCount)
    {
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error" << endl;
        return -1;
    }
    if(index == 0)
    {
        return insert_Dlink_first(tData);
    }
    if(index == m_nCount)
    {
        return insert_Dlink_last(tData);
    }
    node<T> *pindex = get_node(index);
    node<T> *pnode = new node<T>(tData, pindex->prev, pindex);
    pindex->prev->next = pnode;

#if 0 // 20180223 update. 突然发现这里写错了
    pindex->next->prev = pnode;
#endif
　　pindex->prev = pnode; // 改为这样

    m_nCount++;
    return 0;
}
template <class T>
int Dlink<T>::insert_Dlink_first(T tData)
{
    if(!m_pHead)
    {    
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error" << endl;
        return -1;    
    }
    node<T> *pnode = new node<T>(tData, m_pHead, m_pHead->next); 
    if(!pnode)
    {    
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error step1 " << endl;
        return -1;    
    }
    m_pHead->next->prev = pnode;
    m_pHead->next = pnode;
    m_nCount++;
    return 0;
}
template <class T>
int Dlink<T>::insert_Dlink_last(T tData)
{
    if(!m_pHead)
    {    
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error" << endl;
        return -1;    
    }
    node<T> *pnode = new node<T>(tData, m_pHead->prev, m_pHead); 
    if(!pnode)
    {    
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error step1 " << endl;
        return -1;    
    }
    m_pHead->prev->next = pnode;
    m_pHead->prev = pnode;
    m_nCount++;
    return 0;
}
template <class T>
T Dlink<T>::get_Dlink(int index)
{
    node<T> *pnode = get_node(index);
    if(!pnode)
    {    
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error" << endl;
        return NULL;    
    }
    return pnode->data;
}
template <class T>
T Dlink<T>::get_Dlink_first()
{
    return get_Dlink(0);
}
template <class T>
T Dlink<T>::get_Dlink_last()
{
    return get_Dlink(count - 1);
}
// index 是从0开始编号的。这里的范围是 0 -- m_nCount-1
template <class T>
int Dlink<T>::delete_Dlink(int index)
{
    if(index < 0 || index >= m_nCount)
    {
        cout << __FUNCTION__ << "() Error" << endl;
        return -1;
    }
    node<T> *pnode = get_node(index);
    if(pnode)
    {
        pnode->next->prev = pnode->prev;
        pnode->prev->next = pnode->next;
        delete pnode;
        pnode = NULL;
        m_nCount--;
    }
    return -1;
}
template <class T>
int Dlink<T>::delete_Dlink_first()
{
    return delete_Dlink(0);
}
template <class T>
int Dlink<T>::delete_Dlink_last()
{
    return delete_Dlink(m_nCount - 1);
}

#endif // __DLINK_H__

测试：

#include<iostream>
#include"dlink.h"
using namespace std;
void fun1()
{
    cout << "fun1() +++" << endl;
    /* // node test
    node<int> *p1 = (node<int>*)malloc(sizeof(node<int>));
    p1->data = 33;
    cout << "data = " << p1->data << endl;
    node<int> p;
    p.data = 30;
    */
    Dlink<int> *pDlink = new Dlink<int>;
    pDlink->create_Dlink();
    int arr[5] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55};
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        pDlink->insert_Dlink(0, arr[i]);
    //    pDlink->insert_Dlink_last(arr[i]);
    }
    pDlink->insert_Dlink(5, 4444);
//    pDlink->delete_Dlink(1);
//    pDlink->destroy_Dlink();
    int count = pDlink->getCount();
    cout << "fun1() count:" << count << endl;
    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        int data = pDlink->get_Dlink(i);
        cout << "index:" << i << " - data:" << data << endl;;
    }
    cout << "fun1() ---" << endl;
}
int main()
{
    cout << "main() +++" << endl;
    fun1();
    cout << "main() ---" << endl;
    return 0;
}

关于为何C++的模板类声明和实现要放在一起可以参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/xcywt/p/8039574.html