此扩展方法要求支持LVM
1、更改虚拟机配置
虚拟机->设置->硬盘->扩展磁盘容量
fdisk -l 查看，发现硬盘空间变大了
[root@thj Desktop]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000812b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_thj-lv_root: 18.9 GB, 18865979392 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2293 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_thj-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
2、创建分区
[root@thj Desktop]# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p #查看分区表信息 Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000812b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): n #创建新的分区 Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p #创建为主分区 Partition number (1-4): 3 First cylinder (2611-5221, default 2611): Using default value 2611 #默认就好 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2611-5221, default 5221): Using default value 5221 #默认就好 Command (m for help): p #查看分区表 Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000812b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 2611 5221 20966162+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w #保存 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
设置完后，reboot重启系统
3、格式化分区
[root@thj Desktop]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda3 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 1310720 inodes, 5241540 blocks 262077 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 160 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
4、加入LVM，并挂载到根目录下
- vgs 查看卷组情况
[root@thj Desktop]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree vg_thj 1 2 0 wz--n- 19.51g 0 //有一个vg_thj卷组（此处系统不同会有所不同）
- 创建物理卷（LVM分区），并将物理卷加入vg_thj组里
[root@thj Desktop]# lvm lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda3 //创建一个LVM硬分区 Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created lvm> vgextend vg_thj /dev/sda3 //加入与根目录同一个LVM组 Volume group "vg_thj" successfully extended
- 查看 lv path
[root@thj Desktop]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_thj/lv_root //root对应的lv path LV Name lv_root VG Name vg_thj LV UUID FMlzw9-r8dt-2Oa1-mS0W-brnn-YsDm-g3ld5S LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time thj.localthj, 2018-09-10 10:47:47 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 17.57 GiB Current LE 4498 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_thj/lv_swap LV Name lv_swap VG Name vg_thj LV UUID lLgahm-QUMF-XHiN-jZJc-F5ve-YycI-FmEVdr LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time thj.localthj, 2018-09-10 10:47:50 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 1.94 GiB Current LE 496 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1
- 扩展 lv path
[root@thj Desktop]# lvextend -L +19.99G /dev/vg_thj/lv_root Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 19.99 GiB. Size of logical volume vg_thj/lv_root changed from 17.57 GiB (4498 extents) to 37.56 GiB (9616 extents). Logical volume lv_root successfully resized.
- 重置主分区大小
[root@thj Desktop]# resize2fs /dev/vg_thj/lv_root resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/vg_thj/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_thj/lv_root to 9846784 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vg_thj/lv_root is now 9846784 blocks long.
有时报错：
[root@thj Desktop]# lvextend -L +19G /dev/vg_thj/lv_root Couldn't find device with uuid N0xspW-ZOct-v7pH-GHRN-G1Ck-0CnJ-ghqEKZ. Cannot change VG vg_thj while PVs are missing. Consider vgreduce --removemissing. Cannot process volume group vg_thj
参考 https://blog.51cto.com/yl497103815/1180426
- 查看扩展后的文件系统
[root@thj Desktop]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_thj-lv_root 37G 12G 24G 33% / tmpfs 491M 228K 491M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 36M 417M 8% /boot