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  • RecyclerView 缓存机制 | 如何复用表项?

     

    RecyclerView 内存性能优越,这得益于它独特的缓存机制,这一篇以走读源码的方式探究 RecyclerView 的缓存机制。

    这是RecyclerView缓存系列文章的第一篇,系列文章的目录如下:

    1. RecyclerView 缓存机制 | 如何复用表项?

    2. RecyclerView 缓存机制 | 回收些什么?

    3. RecyclerView 缓存机制 | 回收到哪去?

    4. RecyclerView 缓存机制 | scrap view 的生命周期

    5. RecyclerView 动画原理 | pre-layout,post-layout 与 scrap 缓存的关系

    6. RecyclerView 面试题 | 哪些情况下表项会被回收到缓存池?

    如果想直接看结论可以移步到第四篇末尾(你会后悔的,过程更加精彩)。

    引子

    • 如果列表中每个移出屏幕的表项都直接销毁,移入时重新创建,很不经济。所以RecyclerView引入了缓存机制。
    • 回收是为了复用,复用的好处是有可能免去两个昂贵的操作:
      1. 为表项视图绑定数据
      2. 创建表项视图
    • 下面几个问题对于理解“回收复用机制”很关键:
      1. 回收什么?复用什么?
      2. 回收到哪里去?从哪里获得复用?
      3. 什么时候回收?什么时候复用?

    这一篇试着从已知的知识出发在源码中寻觅未知的“RecyclerView复用机制”。

    (ps: 下文中的 粗斜体字 表示引导源码阅读的内心戏)

    寻觅

    触发复用的众多时机中必然包含下面这种:“当移出屏幕的表项重新回到界面”。表项本质上是一个View,屏幕上的表项必然需要依附于一棵View树,即必然有一个父容器调用了addView()。而 RecyclerView继承自 ViewGroup,遂以RecyclerView.addView()为切入点向上搜寻复用的代码。

    RecyclerView.java中全局搜索“addView”,发现RecyclerView()并没有对addView()函数重载,但找到一处addView()的调用:

    //RecyclerView是ViewGroup的子类
    public class RecyclerView extends ViewGroup implements ScrollingView, NestedScrollingChild2 {
        ...
        private void initChildrenHelper() {
            mChildHelper = new ChildHelper(new ChildHelper.Callback() {
                ...
                @Override
                public void addView(View child, int index) {
                    if (VERBOSE_TRACING) {
                        TraceCompat.beginSection("RV addView");
                    }
                    //直接调用ViewGroup.addView()
                    RecyclerView.this.addView(child, index);
                    if (VERBOSE_TRACING) {
                        TraceCompat.endSection();
                    }
                    dispatchChildAttached(child);
                }
            }
        }
        ...
    }
    复制代码

    ChildHelper.Callback.addView()为起点沿着调用链继续向上搜寻,经历了如下方法调用:

    • ChildHelper.addView()
    • LayoutManager.addViewInt()
    • LayoutManager.addView()
    • LinearLayoutManager.layoutChunk()
    void layoutChunk(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, RecyclerView.State state,LayoutState layoutState, LayoutChunkResult result) {
            //获得下一个表项
            View view = layoutState.next(recycler);
            ...
            LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams();
            if (layoutState.mScrapList == null) {
                //将表项插入到列表中
                if (mShouldReverseLayout == (layoutState.mLayoutDirection == LayoutState.LAYOUT_START)) {
                    addView(view);
                } else {
                    addView(view, 0);
                }
            }
            ...
    }
    复制代码

    addView(view)中传入的view是函数layoutState.next()的返回值。猜测该函数是用来获得下一个表项的。表项不止一个,应该有一个循环不断的获得下一个表项才对。 沿着刚才的调用链继续往上搜寻,就会发现:的确有一个循环!

    public class LinearLayoutManager extends RecyclerView.LayoutManager implements ItemTouchHelper.ViewDropHandler, RecyclerView.SmoothScroller.ScrollVectorProvider {
        ...
        int fill(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, LayoutState layoutState,
                RecyclerView.State state, boolean stopOnFocusable) {
            ...
            //recyclerview 剩余空间
            int remainingSpace = layoutState.mAvailable + layoutState.mExtra;
            LayoutChunkResult layoutChunkResult = mLayoutChunkResult;
            //不断填充,直到空间消耗完毕
            while ((layoutState.mInfinite || remainingSpace > 0) && layoutState.hasMore(state)) {
                layoutChunkResult.resetInternal();
                if (VERBOSE_TRACING) {
                    TraceCompat.beginSection("LLM LayoutChunk");
                }
                //填充一个表项
                layoutChunk(recycler, state, layoutState, layoutChunkResult);
                ...
            }
            ...
        }
    }
    复制代码

    fill()是在onLayoutChildren()中被调用:

    /**
     * Lay out all relevant child views from the given adapter.
     * 布局所有给定adapter中相关孩子视图
     */
    public void onLayoutChildren(Recycler recycler, State state) {
     	Log.e(TAG, "You must override onLayoutChildren(Recycler recycler, State state) ");
    }
    复制代码

    看完注释,感觉前面猜测应该是正确的。onLayoutChildren()是用来布局RecyclerView中所有的表项的。回头去看一下layoutState.next(),表项复用逻辑应该就在其中。

    public class LinearLayoutManager {
        static class LayoutState {       
           /**
             * Gets the view for the next element that we should layout.
             * 获得下一个元素的视图用于布局
             */
            View next(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler) {
                if (mScrapList != null) {
                    return nextViewFromScrapList();
                }
                //调用了Recycler.getViewForPosition()
                final View view = recycler.getViewForPosition(mCurrentPosition);
                mCurrentPosition += mItemDirection;
                return view;
            }
        }
    }
    复制代码

    最终调用了Recycler.getViewForPosition(),Recycler是回收器的意思,感觉离想要找的“复用”逻辑越来越近了。 Recycler到底是做什么用的? :

    public class RecyclerView {
        /**
         * A Recycler is responsible for managing scrapped or detached item views for reuse.
         *  Recycler负责管理scrapped和detached表项的复用
         */
        public final class Recycler {
          ...
        }
    }
    复制代码

    终于找到你~~ ,Recycler用于表项的复用!沿着Recycler.getViewForPosition()的调用链继续向下搜寻,找到了一个关键函数(函数太长了,为了防止头晕,只列出了关键节点):

    public class RecyclerView {
        public final class Recycler {
           /**
             * Attempts to get the ViewHolder for the given position, either from the Recycler scrap,
             * cache, the RecycledViewPool, or creating it directly.
             * 尝试获得指定位置的ViewHolder,要么从scrap,cache,RecycledViewPool中获取,要么直接重新创建
             */
            @Nullable
            ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position,
                    boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
                ...
                boolean fromScrapOrHiddenOrCache = false;
                ViewHolder holder = null;
                //0 从changed scrap集合中获取ViewHolder
                if (mState.isPreLayout()) {
                    holder = getChangedScrapViewForPosition(position);
                    fromScrapOrHiddenOrCache = holder != null;
                }
                //1. 通过position从attach scrap或一级回收缓存中获取ViewHolder
                if (holder == null) {
                    holder = getScrapOrHiddenOrCachedHolderForPosition(position, dryRun);
                    ...
                }
                
                if (holder == null) {
                    ...
                    final int type = mAdapter.getItemViewType(offsetPosition);
                    //2. 通过id在attach scrap集合和一级回收缓存中查找viewHolder
                    if (mAdapter.hasStableIds()) {
                        holder = getScrapOrCachedViewForId(mAdapter.getItemId(offsetPosition),
                                type, dryRun);
                        ...
                    }
                    //3. 从自定义缓存中获取ViewHolder
                    if (holder == null && mViewCacheExtension != null) {
                        // We are NOT sending the offsetPosition because LayoutManager does not
                        // know it.
                        final View view = mViewCacheExtension
                                .getViewForPositionAndType(this, position, type);
                        ...
                    }
                    //4.从缓存池中拿ViewHolder
                    if (holder == null) { // fallback to pool
                        ...
                        holder = getRecycledViewPool().getRecycledView(type);
                        ...
                    }
                    //所有缓存都没有命中,只能创建ViewHolder
                    if (holder == null) {
                        ...
                        holder = mAdapter.createViewHolder(RecyclerView.this, type);
                        ...
                    }
                }
    
                boolean bound = false;
                if (mState.isPreLayout() && holder.isBound()) {
                    // do not update unless we absolutely have to.
                    holder.mPreLayoutPosition = position;
                }
                //只有invalid的viewHolder才能绑定视图数据
                else if (!holder.isBound() || holder.needsUpdate() || holder.isInvalid()) {
                    final int offsetPosition = mAdapterHelper.findPositionOffset(position);
                    //获得ViewHolder后,绑定视图数据
                    bound = tryBindViewHolderByDeadline(holder, offsetPosition, position, deadlineNs);
                }
                ...
                return holder;
            }
        }
    }
    复制代码
    • 函数的名字以“tryGet”开头,“尝试获得”表示可能获得失败,再结合注释中说的:“尝试获得指定位置的ViewHolder,要么从scrap,cache,RecycledViewPool中,要么直接重新创建。”猜测scrap,cache,RecycledViewPool是回收表项的容器,相当于表项缓存,如果缓存未命中则只能重新创建。
    • 函数的返回值是ViewHolder难道回收和复用的是ViewHolder? 函数开头声明了局部变量ViewHolder holder = null;最终返回的也是这个局部变量,并且有4处holder == null的判断,这样的代码结构是不是有点像缓存?每次判空意味着上一级缓存未命中并继续尝试新的获取方法?缓存是不是有不止一种存储形式? 让我们一次一次地看:

    第一次尝试

    ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position,
                    boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
          ...
          if (mState.isPreLayout()) {
              holder = getChangedScrapViewForPosition(position);
              fromScrapOrHiddenOrCache = holder != null;
          }
          ...
    }
    复制代码

    只有在mState.isPreLayout()true时才会做这次尝试,这应该是一种特殊情况,先忽略。

    第二次尝试

    ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position,
                    boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
          ...
          if (holder == null) {
              holder = getScrapOrHiddenOrCachedHolderForPosition(position, dryRun);
              //下面一段代码蕴含着一个线索,买个伏笔,先把他略去
              ...
          }
          ...
    }
    复制代码
    • 当第一次尝试失败后,尝试通过getScrapOrHiddenOrCachedHolderForPosition()获得ViewHolder
    • 这里故意省略了一段代码,先埋个伏笔,待会分析。先沿着获取ViewHolder的调用链继续往下:
    //省略非关键代码
            /**
             * Returns a view for the position either from attach scrap, hidden children, or cache.
             * 从attach scrap,hidden children或者cache中获得指定位置上的一个ViewHolder
             */
            ViewHolder getScrapOrHiddenOrCachedHolderForPosition(int position, boolean dryRun) {
                final int scrapCount = mAttachedScrap.size();
                // Try first for an exact, non-invalid match from scrap.
                //1.在attached scrap中搜索ViewHolder
                for (int i = 0; i < scrapCount; i++) {
                    final ViewHolder holder = mAttachedScrap.get(i);
                    if (!holder.wasReturnedFromScrap() && holder.getLayoutPosition() == position
                            && !holder.isInvalid() && (mState.mInPreLayout || !holder.isRemoved())) {
                        holder.addFlags(ViewHolder.FLAG_RETURNED_FROM_SCRAP);
                        return holder;
                    }
                }
                //2.从移除屏幕的视图中搜索ViewHolder,找到了之后将他存入scrap回收集合中
                if (!dryRun) {
                    View view = mChildHelper.findHiddenNonRemovedView(position);
                    if (view != null) {
                        final ViewHolder vh = getChildViewHolderInt(view);
                        mChildHelper.unhide(view);
                        int layoutIndex = mChildHelper.indexOfChild(view);
                        ...
                        mChildHelper.detachViewFromParent(layoutIndex);
                        scrapView(view);
                        vh.addFlags(ViewHolder.FLAG_RETURNED_FROM_SCRAP
                                | ViewHolder.FLAG_BOUNCED_FROM_HIDDEN_LIST);
                        return vh;
                    }
                }
                // Search in our first-level recycled view cache.
                //3.在缓存中搜索ViewHolder
                final int cacheSize = mCachedViews.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < cacheSize; i++) {
                    final ViewHolder holder = mCachedViews.get(i);
                    //若找到ViewHolder,还需要对ViewHolder的索引进行匹配判断
                    if (!holder.isInvalid() && holder.getLayoutPosition() == position) {
                        ...
                        return holder;
                    }
                }
                return null;
            }  
    复制代码

    依次从三个地方搜索ViewHolder:1. mAttachedScrap 2. 隐藏表项 3. mCachedViews,找到立即返回。 其中mAttachedScrapmCachedViews作为Recycler的成员变量,用来存储一组ViewHolder

        public final class Recycler {
            final ArrayList<ViewHolder> mAttachedScrap = new ArrayList<>();
            ...
            final ArrayList<ViewHolder> mCachedViews = new ArrayList<ViewHolder>();
            ...
            RecycledViewPool mRecyclerPool;
        }
    复制代码
    • 看到这里应该可以初步得出结论:RecyclerView回收机制中,回收复用的对象是ViewHolder,且以ArrayList为结构存储在Recycler对象中。
    • RecycledViewPool mRecyclerPool; 看着也像是回收容器,那待会是不是也会到这里拿 ViewHolder?
    • 值得注意的是,当成功从mCachedViews中获取ViewHolder对象后,还需要对其索引进行判断,这就意味着 mCachedViews中缓存的ViewHolder只能复用于指定位置 ,打个比方:手指向上滑动,列表向下滚动,第2个表项移出屏幕,第4个表项移入屏幕,此时再滑回去,第2个表项再次出现,这个过程中第4个表项不能复用被回收的第2个表项的ViewHolder,因为他们的位置不同,而再次进入屏幕的第2个表项就可以成功复用。 待会可以对比一下其他复用是否也需要索引判断
    • 回到刚才埋下的伏笔,把第二次尝试获取ViewHolder的代码补全:
    ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position,
                    boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
          ...
          if (holder == null) {
              holder = getScrapOrHiddenOrCachedHolderForPosition(position, dryRun);
              //下面一段代码蕴含这一个线索,买个伏笔,先把他略去
              if (holder != null) {
                   //检验ViewHolder有效性
                   if (!validateViewHolderForOffsetPosition(holder)) {
                        // recycle holder (and unscrap if relevant) since it can not be used
                        if (!dryRun) {
                             // we would like to recycle this but need to make sure it is not used by
                             // animation logic etc.
                             holder.addFlags(ViewHolder.FLAG_INVALID);
                             if (holder.isScrap()) {
                                  removeDetachedView(holder.itemView, false);
                                  holder.unScrap();
                              } else if (holder.wasReturnedFromScrap()) {
                                  holder.clearReturnedFromScrapFlag();
                              }
                              //若不满足有效性检验,则回收ViewHolder
                              recycleViewHolderInternal(holder);
                        }
                        holder = null;
                   } else {
                        fromScrapOrHiddenOrCache = true;
                   }
              }
          }
          ...
    }
    复制代码

    如果成功获得ViewHolder则检验其有效性,若检验失败则将其回收。好不容易获取了ViewHoler对象,一言不合就把他回收?难道对所有复用的 ViewHolder 都有这么严格的检验吗? 暂时无法回答这些疑问,还是先把复用逻辑看完吧:

    第三次尝试

    ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position,
                    boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
          ...
          //只有当Adapter设置了id,才会进行这次查找
          if (mAdapter.hasStableIds()) {
               holder = getScrapOrCachedViewForId(mAdapter.getItemId(offsetPosition),type, dryRun);
               if (holder != null) {
                    // update position
                    holder.mPosition = offsetPosition;
                    fromScrapOrHiddenOrCache = true;
               }
          }
          ...
    }
    复制代码

    这一次尝试调用的函数名(“byId”)和上一次(“byPosition”)只是后缀不一样。上一次是通过表项位置,这一次是通过表项id。内部实现也几乎一样,判断的依据从表项位置变成表项id。为表项设置id属于特殊情况,先忽略。

    第四次尝试

    ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position,
                    boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
          ...
          if (holder == null && mViewCacheExtension != null) {
               // We are NOT sending the offsetPosition because LayoutManager does not
               // know it.
              final View view = mViewCacheExtension.getViewForPositionAndType(this, position, type);
               if (view != null) {
                    //获得view对应的ViewHolder
                    holder = getChildViewHolder(view);
                    if (holder == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("getViewForPositionAndType returned"
                                        + " a view which does not have a ViewHolder"
                                        + exceptionLabel());
                    } else if (holder.shouldIgnore()) {
                       throw new IllegalArgumentException("getViewForPositionAndType returned"
                                        + " a view that is ignored. You must call stopIgnoring before"
                                        + " returning this view." + exceptionLabel());
                    }
                }
          }
          ...
    }
    复制代码

    经过从mAttachedScrapmCachedViews获取ViewHolder未果后,继续尝试通过ViewCacheExtension 获取:

    
        /**
         * ViewCacheExtension is a helper class to provide an additional layer of view caching that can
         * be controlled by the developer.
         * ViewCacheExtension提供了额外的表项缓存层,用户帮助开发者自己控制表项缓存
         * <p>
         * When {@link Recycler#getViewForPosition(int)} is called, Recycler checks attached scrap and
         * first level cache to find a matching View. If it cannot find a suitable View, Recycler will
         * call the {@link #getViewForPositionAndType(Recycler, int, int)} before checking
         * {@link RecycledViewPool}.
         * 当Recycler从attached scrap和first level cache中未能找到匹配的表项时,它会在去RecycledViewPool中查找之前,先尝试从自定义缓存中查找
         * <p>
         */
        public abstract static class ViewCacheExtension {
    
            /**
             * Returns a View that can be binded to the given Adapter position.
             * <p>
             * This method should <b>not</b> create a new View. Instead, it is expected to return
             * an already created View that can be re-used for the given type and position.
             * If the View is marked as ignored, it should first call
             * {@link LayoutManager#stopIgnoringView(View)} before returning the View.
             * <p>
             * RecyclerView will re-bind the returned View to the position if necessary.
             */
            public abstract View getViewForPositionAndType(Recycler recycler, int position, int type);
        }
    复制代码

    注释揭露了很多信息:ViewCacheExtension用于开发者自定义表项缓存,且这层缓存的访问顺序位于mAttachedScrapmCachedViews之后,RecycledViewPool 之前。这和Recycler. tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline()中的代码逻辑一致,那接下来的第五次尝试,应该是从 RecycledViewPool 中获取 ViewHolder

    第五次尝试

    ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position,
                    boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
          ...
          if (holder == null) { 
              ...
              //从回收池中获取ViewHolder对象
              holder = getRecycledViewPool().getRecycledView(type);
              if (holder != null) {
                   holder.resetInternal();
                   if (FORCE_INVALIDATE_DISPLAY_LIST) {
                        invalidateDisplayListInt(holder);
                   }
              }
          }
          ...
    }
    复制代码

    前四次尝试都未果,最后从RecycledViewPool 中获取ViewHolder稍等片刻!相对于从mAttachedScrap 和 mCachedViews 中获取 ViewHolder,此处并没有严格的检验逻辑。为啥要区别对待不同的缓存? 大大的问号悬在头顶,但现在暂时无法解答,还是接着看RecycledViewPool 的结构吧~

    public final class Recycler {
        ...
        RecycledViewPool mRecyclerPool;
        //获得RecycledViewPool实例
        RecycledViewPool getRecycledViewPool() {
              if (mRecyclerPool == null) {
                  mRecyclerPool = new RecycledViewPool();
              }
              return mRecyclerPool;
        }
        ...
    }
    public static class RecycledViewPool {
        ...
        //从回收池中获取ViewHolder对象
        public ViewHolder getRecycledView(int viewType) {
              final ScrapData scrapData = mScrap.get(viewType);
              if (scrapData != null && !scrapData.mScrapHeap.isEmpty()) {
                  final ArrayList<ViewHolder> scrapHeap = scrapData.mScrapHeap;
                  return scrapHeap.remove(scrapHeap.size() - 1);
              }
              return null;
        }
        ...
    }
    复制代码

    函数中只要访问了类成员变量,它的复杂度就提高了,因为类成员变量的作用于超出了函数体,使得函数就和类中其他函数耦合,所以不得不进行阅读更多以帮助理解该函数:

        public static class RecycledViewPool {
            //同类ViewHolder缓存个数上限
            private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_SCRAP = 5;
    
            /**
             * Tracks both pooled holders, as well as create/bind timing metadata for the given type.
             * 回收池中存放单个类型ViewHolder的容器
             */
            static class ScrapData {
                //同类ViewHolder存储在ArrayList中
                ArrayList<ViewHolder> mScrapHeap = new ArrayList<>();
                //每种类型的ViewHolder最多存5个
                int mMaxScrap = DEFAULT_MAX_SCRAP;
            }
            //回收池中存放所有类型ViewHolder的容器
            SparseArray<ScrapData> mScrap = new SparseArray<>();
            ...
            //ViewHolder入池 按viewType分类入池,一个类型的ViewType存放在一个ScrapData中
            public void putRecycledView(ViewHolder scrap) {
                final int viewType = scrap.getItemViewType();
                final ArrayList<ViewHolder> scrapHeap = getScrapDataForType(viewType).mScrapHeap;
                //如果超限了,则放弃入池
                if (mScrap.get(viewType).mMaxScrap <= scrapHeap.size()) {
                    return;
                }
                if (DEBUG && scrapHeap.contains(scrap)) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("this scrap item already exists");
                }
                scrap.resetInternal();
                //回收时,ViewHolder从列表尾部插入
                scrapHeap.add(scrap);
            }
            //从回收池中获取ViewHolder对象
            public ViewHolder getRecycledView(int viewType) {
                  final ScrapData scrapData = mScrap.get(viewType);
                  if (scrapData != null && !scrapData.mScrapHeap.isEmpty()) {
                      final ArrayList<ViewHolder> scrapHeap = scrapData.mScrapHeap;
                      //复用时,从列表尾部获取ViewHolder(优先复用刚入池的ViewHoler)
                      return scrapHeap.remove(scrapHeap.size() - 1);
                  }
                  return null;
            }
    }
    复制代码
    • 上述代码列出了RecycledViewPool 中最关键的一个成员变量和两个函数。至此可以得出结论:RecycledViewPool中的ViewHolder存储在SparseArray中,并且按viewType分类存储(即是Adapter.getItemViewType()的返回值),同一类型的ViewHolder存放在ArrayList 中,且默认最多存储5个。
    • 相比较于mCachedViews,从mRecyclerPool中成功获取ViewHolder对象后并没有做合法性和表项位置校验,只检验viewType是否一致。所以 从mRecyclerPool中取出的ViewHolder只能复用于相同viewType的表项。

    创建ViewHolder并绑定数据

    ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position,boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
                ...
                //所有缓存都没有命中,只能创建ViewHolder
                if (holder == null) {
                    ...
                    holder = mAdapter.createViewHolder(RecyclerView.this, type);
                    ...
                }
                ...
                boolean bound = false;
                if (mState.isPreLayout() && holder.isBound()) {
                    // do not update unless we absolutely have to.
                    holder.mPreLayoutPosition = position;
                }
                //如果表项没有绑定过数据 或 表项需要更新 或 表项无效 且表项没有被移除时绑定表项数据
                else if (!holder.isBound() || holder.needsUpdate() || holder.isInvalid()) {
                    if (DEBUG && holder.isRemoved()) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Removed holder should be bound and it should"
                                + " come here only in pre-layout. Holder: " + holder
                                + exceptionLabel());
                    }
                    final int offsetPosition = mAdapterHelper.findPositionOffset(position);
                    //为表项绑定数据
                    bound = tryBindViewHolderByDeadline(holder, offsetPosition, position, deadlineNs);
                }
    }
    复制代码
    • 再进行了上述所有尝试后,如果依然没有获得ViewHolder,只能重新创建并绑定数据。沿着调用链往下,就会找到熟悉的onCreateViewHolder()onBindViewHolder()
    • 绑定数据的逻辑嵌套在一个大大的if中(原来并不是每次都要绑定数据,只有满足特定条件时才需要绑定。 )
    • 那什么情况下需要绑定,什么情况下不需要呢?这就要引出“缓存优先级”这个概念。

    缓存优先级

    • 缓存有优先级一说,在使用图片二级缓存(内存+磁盘)时,会先尝试去优先级高的内存中获取,若未命中再去磁盘中获取。优先级越高意味着性能越好。RecyclerView的缓存机制中是否也能套用“缓存优先级”这一逻辑?

    • 虽然为了获取ViewHolder做了5次尝试(共从6个地方获取),先排除3种特殊情况,即从mChangedScrap获取、通过id获取、从自定义缓存获取,正常流程中只剩下3种获取方式,优先级从高到低依次是:

      1. mAttachedScrap获取
      2. mCachedViews获取
      3. mRecyclerPool 获取
    • 这样的缓存优先级是不是意味着,对应的复用性能也是从高到低?(复用性能越好意味着所做的昂贵操作越少)

      1. 最坏情况:重新创建ViewHodler并重新绑定数据
      2. 次好情况:复用ViewHolder但重新绑定数据
      3. 最好情况:复用ViewHolder且不重新绑定数据

      毫无疑问,所有缓存都未命中的情况下会发生最坏情况。剩下的两种情况应该由3种获取方式来分摊,猜测优先级最低的 mRecyclerPool 方式应该命中次好情况,而优先级最高的 mAttachedScrap应该命中最好情况,去源码中验证一下:

    ViewHolder getScrapOrHiddenOrCachedHolderForPosition(int position, boolean dryRun) {
           final int scrapCount = mAttachedScrap.size();
    
           // Try first for an exact, non-invalid match from scrap.
           //1.从attached scrap回收集合中
           for (int i = 0; i < scrapCount; i++) {
               final ViewHolder holder = mAttachedScrap.get(i);
               //只有当holder是有效时才返回
               if (!holder.wasReturnedFromScrap() && holder.getLayoutPosition() == position
                       && !holder.isInvalid() && (mState.mInPreLayout || !holder.isRemoved())) {
                   holder.addFlags(ViewHolder.FLAG_RETURNED_FROM_SCRAP);
                   return holder;
               }
           }
    }
    
    ViewHolder tryGetViewHolderForPositionByDeadline(int position,
                    boolean dryRun, long deadlineNs) {
          ...
          if (holder == null) { 
              ...
              //从回收池中获取ViewHolder对象
              holder = getRecycledViewPool().getRecycledView(type);
              if (holder != null) {
                   //重置ViewHolder
                   holder.resetInternal();
                   if (FORCE_INVALIDATE_DISPLAY_LIST) {
                        invalidateDisplayListInt(holder);
                   }
              }
          }
          ...
          //如果表项没有绑定过数据 或 表项需要更新 或 表项无效 且表项没有被移除时绑定表项数据
          else if (!holder.isBound() || holder.needsUpdate() || holder.isInvalid()) {
              if (DEBUG && holder.isRemoved()) {
                  throw new IllegalStateException("Removed holder should be bound and it should"
                                + " come here only in pre-layout. Holder: " + holder
                                + exceptionLabel());
              }
              final int offsetPosition = mAdapterHelper.findPositionOffset(position);
              //为表项绑定数据
              bound = tryBindViewHolderByDeadline(holder, offsetPosition, position, deadlineNs);
          }
          ...
    }
    
    public abstract static class ViewHolder {
            /**
             * This ViewHolder has been bound to a position; mPosition, mItemId and mItemViewType
             * are all valid.
             * 绑定标志位
             */
            static final int FLAG_BOUND = 1 << 0;
            /**
             * This ViewHolder’s data is invalid. The identity implied by mPosition and mItemId
             * are not to be trusted and may no longer match the item view type.
             * This ViewHolder must be fully rebound to different data.
             * 无效标志位
             */
            static final int FLAG_INVALID = 1 << 2;
            //判断ViewHolder是否无效
            boolean isInvalid() {
                //将当前ViewHolder对象的flag和无效标志位做位与操作
                return (mFlags & FLAG_INVALID) != 0;
            }
            //判断ViewHolder是否被绑定
            boolean isBound() {
                //将当前ViewHolder对象的flag和绑定标志位做位与操作
                return (mFlags & FLAG_BOUND) != 0;
            }
            /**
             * 将ViewHolder重置
             */
            void resetInternal() {
                //将ViewHolder的flag置0
                mFlags = 0;
                mPosition = NO_POSITION;
                mOldPosition = NO_POSITION;
                mItemId = NO_ID;
                mPreLayoutPosition = NO_POSITION;
                mIsRecyclableCount = 0;
                mShadowedHolder = null;
                mShadowingHolder = null;
                clearPayload();
                mWasImportantForAccessibilityBeforeHidden = ViewCompat.IMPORTANT_FOR_ACCESSIBILITY_AUTO;
                mPendingAccessibilityState = PENDING_ACCESSIBILITY_STATE_NOT_SET;
                clearNestedRecyclerViewIfNotNested(this);
            }
    }
    复制代码

    温故知新,回看 mRecyclerPool 复用逻辑时,发现在成功获得ViewHolder对象后,立即对其重置(将flag置0)。这样就满足了绑定数据的判断条件(因为0和非0位与之后必然为0)。 同样的,在才mAttachedScrap中获取ViewHolder时,只有当其是有效的才会返回。所以猜测成立:从mRecyclerPool中复用的ViewHolder需要重新绑定数据,从mAttachedScrap 中复用的ViewHolder不要重新出创建也不需要重新绑定数据。

    总结

    1. 在 RecyclerView 中,并不是每次绘制表项,都会重新创建 ViewHolder 对象,也不是每次都会重新绑定 ViewHolder 数据。
    2. RecyclerView 通过Recycler获得下一个待绘制表项。
    3. Recycler有4个层次用于缓存 ViewHolder 对象,优先级从高到底依次为ArrayList<ViewHolder> mAttachedScrapArrayList<ViewHolder> mCachedViewsViewCacheExtension mViewCacheExtensionRecycledViewPool mRecyclerPool。如果四层缓存都未命中,则重新创建并绑定 ViewHolder 对象。
    4. RecycledViewPool 对 ViewHolder 按viewType分类存储(通过SparseArray),同类 ViewHolder 存储在默认大小为5的ArrayList中。
    5. mRecyclerPool中复用的 ViewHolder 需要重新绑定数据,从mAttachedScrap 中复用的 ViewHolder 不需要重新创建也不需要重新绑定数据。
    6. mRecyclerPool中复用的ViewHolder ,只能复用于viewType相同的表项,从mCachedViews中复用的 ViewHolder ,只能复用于指定位置的表项。
    7. mCachedViews用于缓存指定位置的 ViewHolder ,只有“列表回滚”这一种场景(刚滚出屏幕的表项再次进入屏幕),才有可能命中该缓存。该缓存存放在默认大小为 2 的ArrayList中。

    这篇文章粗略的回答了关于“复用”的4个问题,即“复用什么?”、“从哪里获得复用?”、“什么时候复用?”、“复用优先级”。读到这里,可能会有很多疑问:

    1. scrap view是什么?
    2. changed scrap viewattached scrap view有什么区别?
    3. 复用的 ViewHolder 是在什么时候被缓存的?
    4. 为什么要4层缓存?它们的用途有什么区别?

    分析完“复用”,后续文章会进一步分析“回收”,希望到时候这些问题都能迎刃而解。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xgjblog/p/14652804.html
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