大家在Android项目中或多或少的都会使用数据库,为了提高我们的开发效率,当然少不了数据库ORM框架了,尤其是某些数据库操作特别频繁的app;本篇博客将详细介绍ORMLite的简易用法。
下面开始介绍ORMLite的入门用法~
1、下载 ORMLite Jar
首先去ORMLite官网下载jar包,对于Android为:ormlite-android-4.48.jar 和 ormlite-core-4.48.jar ;
ps:访问不了的朋友,文章末尾会把jar、源码、doc与本篇博客例子一起打包提供给大家下载。
2、配置Bean类
有了jar,我们直接新建一个项目为:zhy_ormlite,然后把jar拷贝到libs下。
然后新建一个包:com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean专门用于存放项目中的Bean,首先新建一个User.Java
- package com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean;
- import com.j256.ormlite.field.DatabaseField;
- import com.j256.ormlite.table.DatabaseTable;
- @DatabaseTable(tableName = "tb_user")
- public class User
- {
- @DatabaseField(generatedId = true)
- private int id;
- @DatabaseField(columnName = "name")
- private String name;
- @DatabaseField(columnName = "desc")
- private String desc;
- public User()
- {
- }
- public User(String name, String desc)
- {
- this.name = name;
- this.desc = desc;
- }
- public int getId()
- {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id)
- {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName()
- {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name)
- {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public String getDesc()
- {
- return desc;
- }
- public void setDesc(String desc)
- {
- this.desc = desc;
- }
- }
首先在User类上添加@DatabaseTable(tableName = "tb_user"),标明这是数据库中的一张表,标明为tb_user
然后分别在属性上添加@DatabaseField(columnName = "name") ,columnName的值为该字段在数据中的列名
@DatabaseField(generatedId = true) ,generatedId 表示id为主键且自动生成
3、编写DAO类
原生的数据库操作,需要继承SQLiteOpenHelper,这里我们需要继承OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper,看代码:
- package com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.db;
- import java.sql.SQLException;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
- import com.j256.ormlite.android.apptools.OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper;
- import com.j256.ormlite.dao.Dao;
- import com.j256.ormlite.support.ConnectionSource;
- import com.j256.ormlite.table.TableUtils;
- import com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean.User;
- public class DatabaseHelper extends OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper
- {
- private static final String TABLE_NAME = "sqlite-test.db";
- /**
- * userDao ,每张表对于一个
- */
- private Dao<User, Integer> userDao;
- private DatabaseHelper(Context context)
- {
- super(context, TABLE_NAME, null, 2);
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase database,
- ConnectionSource connectionSource)
- {
- try
- {
- TableUtils.createTable(connectionSource, User.class);
- } catch (SQLException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase database,
- ConnectionSource connectionSource, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
- {
- try
- {
- TableUtils.dropTable(connectionSource, User.class, true);
- onCreate(database, connectionSource);
- } catch (SQLException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- private static DatabaseHelper instance;
- /**
- * 单例获取该Helper
- *
- * @param context
- * @return
- */
- public static synchronized DatabaseHelper getHelper(Context context)
- {
- if (instance == null)
- {
- synchronized (DatabaseHelper.class)
- {
- if (instance == null)
- instance = new DatabaseHelper(context);
- }
- }
- return instance;
- }
- /**
- * 获得userDao
- *
- * @return
- * @throws SQLException
- */
- public Dao<User, Integer> getUserDao() throws SQLException
- {
- if (userDao == null)
- {
- userDao = getDao(User.class);
- }
- return userDao;
- }
- /**
- * 释放资源
- */
- @Override
- public void close()
- {
- super.close();
- userDao = null;
- }
- }
这里我们需要继承OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper,其实就是间接继承了SQLiteOpenHelper
然后需要实现两个方法:
1、onCreate(SQLiteDatabase database,ConnectionSource connectionSource)
创建表,我们直接使用ormlite提供的TableUtils.createTable(connectionSource, User.class);进行创建~
2、onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase database, ConnectionSource connectionSource, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
更新表,使用ormlite提供的TableUtils.dropTable(connectionSource, User.class, true);进行删除操作~
删除完成后,别忘了,创建操作:onCreate(database, connectionSource);
然后使用单例公布出一个创建实例的方法,getHelper用于获取我们的help实例;
最后我们可能会有很多表嘛,每个表一般我们都会单独写个Dao用于操作,这里为了简单我并没有抽取出来,直接写在helper中:
比如UserDao的获取:
- /**
- * 获得userDao
- *
- * @return
- * @throws SQLException
- */
- public Dao<User, Integer> getUserDao() throws SQLException
- {
- if (userDao == null)
- {
- userDao = getDao(User.class);
- }
- return userDao;
- }
然后通过获取到的Dao就可以进行User的一些常用的操作了。
4、测试
最后是测试,我们直接创建了一个测试类进行测试~~~
- package com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.test;
- import java.sql.SQLException;
- import java.util.List;
- import com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean.User;
- import com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.db.DatabaseHelper;
- import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class OrmLiteDbTest extends AndroidTestCase
- {
- public void testAddUser()
- {
- User u1 = new User("zhy", "2B青年");
- DatabaseHelper helper = DatabaseHelper.getHelper(getContext());
- try
- {
- helper.getUserDao().create(u1);
- u1 = new User("zhy2", "2B青年");
- helper.getUserDao().create(u1);
- u1 = new User("zhy3", "2B青年");
- helper.getUserDao().create(u1);
- u1 = new User("zhy4", "2B青年");
- helper.getUserDao().create(u1);
- u1 = new User("zhy5", "2B青年");
- helper.getUserDao().create(u1);
- u1 = new User("zhy6", "2B青年");
- helper.getUserDao().create(u1);
- testList();
- } catch (SQLException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public void testDeleteUser()
- {
- DatabaseHelper helper = DatabaseHelper.getHelper(getContext());
- try
- {
- helper.getUserDao().deleteById(2);
- } catch (SQLException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public void testUpdateUser()
- {
- DatabaseHelper helper = DatabaseHelper.getHelper(getContext());
- try
- {
- User u1 = new User("zhy-android", "2B青年");
- u1.setId(3);
- helper.getUserDao().update(u1);
- } catch (SQLException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public void testList()
- {
- DatabaseHelper helper = DatabaseHelper.getHelper(getContext());
- try
- {
- User u1 = new User("zhy-android", "2B青年");
- u1.setId(2);
- List<User> users = helper.getUserDao().queryForAll();
- Log.e("TAG", users.toString());
- } catch (SQLException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
简单测试了下CURD,使用AndroidTestCase记得配置下环境~~~
用起来是不是还是非常方便的,不过还是建议大家例如User的数据库操作,单独抽取出来为UserDao,如下:
- package com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.db;
- import java.sql.SQLException;
- import android.content.Context;
- import com.zhy.zhy_ormlite.bean.User;
- public class UserDao
- {
- private Context context;
- public UserDao(Context context)
- {
- this.context = context;
- }
- public void add(User user)
- {
- try
- {
- DatabaseHelper.getHelper(context).getUserDao().create(user);
- } catch (SQLException e)
- {
- }
- }//......
- }
注:ORMLite还提供了一些基类ORMLiteBaseActivity,ORMLiteBaseService之类的,便于数据库操作的,这里不做考虑,毕竟项目中很大可能自己也需要继承自己的BaseActvity之类的。
上面简单介绍了如何使用ORMLite框架,Android 快速开发系列 ORMLite 框架的使用 将对其用法进行深入的介绍。