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  • python基础笔记

    一、变量

    定义变量的规则
        1、变量名只能是字母、数字、下划线的组合
        2、变量名不能以数字开头
        3、python中使用的关键字不能作为变量
    注意:行业默认规则
        1、变量命令见名知意
        2、驼峰
        3、字母全大写代表是常量
    
    # 例子
    name = "Mr Liao"
    name1 = name
    print(name, name1)
    name = "Mr Lan"
    print(name, name1)
    

    二、用户交互

    name = input("name:")
    age = input("age:")
    job = input("job")
    salary = input("salary:")
    info1 = '''
        --- info of %s ---
        name:%s
        age:%s
        job:%s
        salary:%s
    ''' % (name, name, age, job, salary)
    print(info1)
    # 总结info1:可以用%来连接,后边括号的变量要对应,不然会报错
    
    info2 = '''
        --- info of {_name} ---
        name:{_name}
        age:{_age}
        job:{_job}
        salary:{_salary}
    '''.format(_name=name, _age=age, _job=job, _salary=salary)
    print(info2)
    # 总结info2:中括号中可以用自定义名字,在format中要赋值
    

    三、循环

    1、while循环
    age = 56
    count = 0  #计数器
    while count < 3:
        guess_age = int(input("guess age:"))
        if guess_age == age:
            print("you get it")
            break #跳出当前整个循环,下边的else不会执行
        elif guess_age > age:
            print("think smaller")
        else:
            print("think bigger")
        count += 1  #计数器自增1
    else:  #上边代码正常执行完才执行
        print("你猜的次数太多了,拜拜")
    
    2、if语句
    if条件判断的两种语法:
    1)、单支判断
        if 条件语句:   #条件成立执行下边语句,也可以不要else
            执行语句
        else:
            执行语句
    2)、多分支判断:
        if 条件判断:
            执行语句
        elif 条件判断:
            执行语句
        elif ...
            执行语句
        else:
            执行语句
    
    # 例子1:对输入的用户名和密码进行验证
    
    _username = "张三"
    _password = "123456"
    username = input("username:")
    password = input("password:")
    if _username == username and _password == password:
        print("welcome {name} login".format(name=username))
    else:
        print("invalid username or password")
    
    print("-" * 30)
    
    # 例子2:猜年龄大小
    
    age = 56
    guess_age = int(input("guess age:"))
    if guess_age == age:
        print("you get it")
    elif guess_age > age:
        print("think smaller")
    else:
        print("think bigger")
    
    3、for循环
    # 栗子1
    for loop in range(10):
        print(loop)
    print("分割线" + "-"*30)
    # 栗子2
    for i in range(0, 10, 2):  # range(起始位置,结束位置,步长),默认步长是1 ,括号里是左闭右开,即(1,3)是1,2不包含3
        print(i)
    print("分割线" + "-"*30)
    # 栗子3
    age = 56
    for i in range(3):  # range(3)即 0 1 2 循环三次
        guess_age = int(input("guess age:"))
        if guess_age == age:
            print("you get it")
            break  # 跳出当前整个循环,下边的else不会执行
        elif guess_age > age:
            print("think smaller")
        else:
            print("think bigger")
    else:  # 上边代码正常执行完才执行
        print("你猜的次数太多了,拜拜")
    
    4、三元运算符
    三元运算符语法:result = 值1 if 条件 else 值2
        1、如果条件为真,result = 值1
        2、如果条件为假,result = 值2
    # 例子
    a, b, c = 1, 3, 5
    d = a if a > b else c
    
    5、循环代码优化
    #需求:猜数字,猜三次,超过三次要询问是否要继续,如果输入n,结束,否则继续猜
    age = 56
    count = 0  #计数器
    while count < 3:
        guess_age = int(input("guess age:"))
        if guess_age == age:
            print("you get it")
            break #跳出整个循环,下边的else不会执行
        elif guess_age > age:
            print("think smaller")
        else:
            print("think bigger")
        count += 1  #计数器自增1
        if count == 3:
            continue_confirm = input("请问你是否要继续?")
            if continue_confirm != "n":  # 如果输入了n,count计算器归0,循环再次开启
                count = 0
    

    四、模块初识

    # python强大之处在于有非常强大的标准库和第三方库
    import sys
    import os
    
    print(sys.path)  # 打印环境变量
    cmd_res1 = os.system("dir")  # 只打印,不保存结果
    cmd_res2 = os.popen("dir")   # 打印并保存为一个对象
    cmd_res3 = os.popen("dir").read()  # 用read()方法来取出
    print(cmd_res3)
    

    未完待续...... 2019.12.15

    When nothing seems to help, I go look at a stonecutter hammering away at his rock, perhaps a hundred times without as much as a crack showing in it. Yet at the hundred and first blow it will split in two, and I know it was not that blow that did it, but all that had gone before. -- Jacob Riis
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xhwy-1234/p/12042094.html
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