之前摸爬滚打总是各种坑，今天参考这篇文章终于解决了，甚是鸡冻(≧▽≦)/，电脑不知道怎么的，安装不了16.04，就安装15.10再升级到16.04
requirements：
- Ubuntu 16.04
- python 2.7
- Flask
- tensorflow GPU 版本
安装nvidia driver
经过不断踩坑的安装，终于google到了靠谱的方法，首先检查你的NVIDIA VGA card model
sudo lshw -numeric -C display
可以看到你的显卡信息，比如我的就是 product: GM107M [GeForce GTX 950M] [10DE:139A]，然后去NVDIA driver search page搜索你的显卡需要的驱动型号，页面如下： 
下面是我的电脑对应的驱动版本
LINUX X64 (AMD64/EM64T) DISPLAY DRIVER
Version: 375.20
Release Date: 2016.11.18
Operating System: Linux 64-bit
Language: English (US)
File Size: 72.37 MB从搜索的结果页面看到，我的驱动版本应该是375.20,为了再次确认一遍，你还可以使用这个命令查看你可以使用的驱动：
ubuntu-drivers devices
结果显示和搜索到的驱动版本一样，推荐也是375
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
model : GM107M [GeForce GTX 950M]
modalias : pci:v000010DEd0000139Asv000017AAsd0000380Bbc03sc02i00
driver : nvidia-367 - third-party free
driver : nvidia-375 - third-party free recommended
driver : nvidia-364 - third-party free
driver : nvidia-358 - third-party free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
driver : nvidia-370 - third-party free
== cpu-microcode.py ==
driver : intel-microcode - distro non-free
好了，终于可以安装对应的驱动了，使用以下命令
version: 375sudo apt-get install nvidia-375
//你自己的版本
//version : xxx
//sudo apt-get install nvidia-xxx什么，安装很慢，找不到包？更换一下软件源，这个自己google怎么更换，最简单的就是图形界面里面找到System->settings->Software&Updates，然后换一下源，比如阿里云或者中科大（我突然不能链接中科大镜像了，真实坑）,然后再执行一下命令
sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev
sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev
安装完成之后，重启电脑，驱动应该就完成了！你可以在dashboard上搜索nvidia，看到像 NVIDIA X Server Settings的东西，就说明安装驱动成功了，接下来就是安装cuda8了 
安装cuda8
首先也是去下载cuda toolkit 8.0,可以自己注册一个账号。 
一定要选择runfile.下载完成之后，执行
sudo sh cuda_8.0.44_linux.run --override
然后就进入安装过程，开始都是End User License Agreement，你可以CTRL +C 跳过，然后accept，下面就是安装的交互界面，开始的Install NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 367.48?选择n，因为你已经安装驱动了。
Using more to view the EULA.
End User License Agreement
--------------------------
Preface
-------
The following contains specific license terms and conditions
for four separate NVIDIA products. By accepting this
agreement, you agree to comply with all the terms and
conditions applicable to the specific product(s) included
herein.
NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit
Description
The NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit provides command-line and graphical
tools for building, debugging and optimizing the performance
of applications accelerated by NVIDIA GPUs, runtime and math
libraries, and documentation including programming guides,
user manuals, and API references. The NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit
License Agreement is available in Chapter 1.
Default Install Location of CUDA Toolkit
Windows platform:
Do you accept the previously read EULA?
accept/decline/quit: accept
Install NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 367.48?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: n
Install the CUDA 8.0 Toolkit?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y
Enter Toolkit Location
[ default is /usr/local/cuda-8.0 ]:
Do you want to install a symbolic link at /usr/local/cuda?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y
Install the CUDA 8.0 Samples?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y
Enter CUDA Samples Location
[ default is /home/kinny ]:
Installing the CUDA Toolkit in /usr/local/cuda-8.0 ...
Missing recommended library: libXmu.so
Installing the CUDA Samples in /home/kinny ...
Copying samples to /home/kinny/NVIDIA_CUDA-8.0_Samples now...
Finished copying samples.
===========
= Summary =
===========
Driver: Not Selected
Toolkit: Installed in /usr/local/cuda-8.0
Samples: Installed in /home/kinny, but missing recommended libraries
Please make sure that
- PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin
- LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root
To uninstall the CUDA Toolkit, run the uninstall script in /usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin
Please see CUDA_Installation_Guide_Linux.pdf in /usr/local/cuda-8.0/doc/pdf for detailed information on setting up CUDA.
***WARNING: Incomplete installation! This installation did not install the CUDA Driver. A driver of version at least 361.00 is required for CUDA 8.0 functionality to work.
To install the driver using this installer, run the following command, replacing <CudaInstaller> with the name of this run file:
sudo <CudaInstaller>.run -silent -driver
Logfile is /tmp/cuda_install_17494.log配置cuda环境变量
export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64" nvidia-smi
结果出现以下输出，说明配置成功 
安装深度学习库cuDNN
首先��载cuDNN5.1，直接下载是非常慢的，必须走代理，我用的是终端下载的方法，注意前提是你已经注册为开发者了！
proxychains wget https://developer.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/cudnn/secure/v5.1/prod/8.0/cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1-tgz
这个会被forbidden，因为没有认证，开发者需要认证才能下载，你先用chrome下载，然后到show all里面去copy真实的下载地址proxychains wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/cudnn/secure/v5.1/prod/8.0/cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1.tgz?autho=1479703345_7fbb517b03361780b45a2c43277bb9ac&file=cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1.tgz
这次成功了！！速度还可以！不过下载下来的文件名字有问题，修改成cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1.tgz就可以了
然后是解压tar xvzf cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1.tgz
然后将库和头文件copy到cuda目录（一定是你自己安装的目录如/usr/local/cuda-8.0）,不过正确安装的话，ubuntu一般就会有软链接/usr/local/cuda -> /usr/local/cuda-8.0/sudo cp cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64 sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*
安装tensorflow gpu enable python 2.7 版本
sudo pip install tensorflow-gpu
export TF_BINARY_URL=https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow-0.11.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl
sudo pip install --upgrade $TF_BINARY_URL
验证
$python
Python 2.7.12 (default, Jul 1 2016, 15:12:24)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tensorflow
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcublas.so locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcudnn.so locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcufft.so locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcuda.so.1 locally
I tensorflow/stream_executor/dso_loader.cc:111] successfully opened CUDA library libcurand.so locally
>>> quit()
大功告成！
错误
1.libcudart.so.8.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
======================================================================================
【如果每次开启都显示此错误，则需要打开变量文件设置变量】
-
打开终端并输入：
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc。
-
输入用户密码。这时输入的密码是不可见的。
-
前面的步骤会打开.bashrc文件，在其末尾添加：
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/extras/CUPTI/lib64" export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda -
使其立即生效，在终端执行：
source ~/.bashrc
或者重启电脑即可。
=============================================================================================================
kinny@kinny-Lenovo-XiaoXin:~/Study/tensorflow-0.11.0rc0/tensorflow/models/image/mnist$ python convolutional.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "convolutional.py", line 34, in <module>
import tensorflow as tf
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
from tensorflow.python import *
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 28, in <module>
_pywrap_tensorflow = swig_import_helper()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
_mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow', fp, pathname, description)
ImportError: libcudart.so.8.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory方法是设置环境变量，把以前设置的cuda环境变量改成一下这样，这个是tensorflow官网上要求的环境变量；{}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/extras/CUPTI/lib64" export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda
2.TypeError: run() got an unexpected keyword argument ‘argv’
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "convolutional.py", line 339, in <module>
tf.app.run(main=main, argv=[sys.argv[0]] + unparsed)
TypeError: run() got an unexpected keyword argument 'argv'方法是把main里面的argv参数去掉
使用python 虚拟环境
使用gpu版本运行mnist例子非常慢，基本卡死在数据下载和读取上了！为了比较gpu和cpu的性能，使用虚拟环境安装了tensorflow的cpu版本；
sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev python-virtualenv
mkdir py2virtualenv
virtualenv --system-site-packages ~/py2virtualenv/tensorflowcpu
source ~/py2virtualenv/tensorflowcpu/bin/activate
export TF_BINARY_URL=https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-0.11.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl
pip install --upgrade $TF_BINARY_URL
原来cpu版本数据读取和下载很快！cpu适合做IO和简单逻辑运算和加减，但是gpu不行，gpu不适合做高IO和加减法，但是在做矩阵运算表现十分强悍，我在把mnist数据集下载到本地后，分别使用cpu版本和gpu版本跑tensorflow/tensorflow/models/image/mnist/convolutional.py，结果显示：
//cpu版本
Step 8100 (epoch 9.43), 130.6 ms
Minibatch loss: 1.630, learning rate: 0.006302
Minibatch error: 0.0%
Validation error: 0.8%
平均每 100 次 130.64ms 左右
real 19m5.685s
user 67m33.720s
sys 0m12.340s
//gpu版本
Step 8100 (epoch 9.43), 23.2 ms
Minibatch loss: 1.634, learning rate: 0.006302
Minibatch error: 0.0%
Validation error: 0.9%
平均每 100 次 23.2ms 左右
real 3m28.296s
user 2m45.888s
sys 0m29.064sGPU在矩阵密集运算方面完虐cpu，大概是6倍。我的是GTX 950M,不知道现在的GTX 1080M是什么情况。
Caffe 深度学习入门教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-11/136774.htm
Ubuntu 16.04下Matlab2014a+Anaconda2+OpenCV3.1+Caffe安装 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-07/132860.htm
Ubuntu 16.04系统下CUDA7.5配置Caffe教程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-07/132859.htm
Caffe在Ubuntu 14.04 64bit 下的安装 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-07/120449.htm
深度学习框架Caffe在Ubuntu下编译安装 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-07/133225.htm
Caffe + Ubuntu 14.04 64bit + CUDA 6.5 配置说明 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-04/116444.htm
Ubuntu 16.04上安装Caffe http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134585.htm
Caffe配置简明教程 ( Ubuntu 14.04 / CUDA 7.5 / cuDNN 5.1 / OpenCV 3.1 ) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-09/135016.htm
Ubuntu 16.04上安装Caffe(CPU only) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-09/135034.htm
更多Ubuntu相关信息见Ubuntu 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=2