python socketserver模块

socketserver

socketserver内部使用IO多路复用以及“多线程”和“多进程”，从而实现并发处理多个客户端请求的scoket服务端。即，每个客户端请求连接到服务器时，socket服务端都会在服务器是创建一个“线程”或“进程”专门负责处理当前客户端的所有请求。

ThradingTCPServer

ThradingTCPServer实现的socket服务器内部会为每个client创建一个“线程”，该线程用来客户端进行交互

1、ThreadingTCPServer基础

使用ThreadingTCPServer:

• 创建一个继承自 SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的类
• 类中必须定义一个名称为 handle 的方法
• 启动ThreadingTCPServer

使用

server端

import socketserver


class MyServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):  # $ 必须继承BaseRequestHandler
    print('Myserver start'.center(50, "-"))

    def handle(self):  # $ 必须有handle方法
        print('New connection:', self.client_address)
        while True:
            data = self.request.recv(1024)
            if not data:
                break
            print(
                'recv Client {} data {}'.format(
                    self.client_address,
                    data.decode()))
            self.request.send(data)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(
        ('127.0.0.1', 8009), MyServer)  # $ 实现多线程的socket
    server.serve_forever()  # $ 当前连接断开不会出现关闭或报错，可以与其他客户端继续连接

　　

client端：

import socket
ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',8009)
sk = socket.socket()
sk.connect(ip_port)

while True:
    raw = input('client input >> ').strip()
    sk.send(raw.encode("utf-8"))
    msg = sk.recv(1024)
    print(msg.decode("utf-8"))
sk.close()

　

输出

------------------Myserver start------------------
New connection: ('127.0.0.1', 13560)
recv Client ('127.0.0.1', 13560) data hello
New connection: ('127.0.0.1', 13561)
recv Client ('127.0.0.1', 13561) data world

---------------client1：
client input >> hello
hello
client input >> 

---------------client2：
client input >> world
world
client input >> 

　　

socketserver分析

socketserver中包含了两种类，一种为服务类（server class），一种为请求处理类（request handle class）。前者提供了许多方法：像绑定，监听，运行…… （也就是建立连接的过程） 后者则专注于如何处理用户所发送的数据（也就是事务逻辑）。

服务类继承层次关系

 

BaseServer不直接对外服务。

TCPServer针对TCP套接字流

UDPServer针对UDP数据报套接字

UnixStreamServer和UnixDatagramServer针对UNIX域套接字

ThreadingTCPServer 源码分析

BaseServer

class BaseServer:

    """Base class for server classes.

    Methods for the caller:

    - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
    - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
    - shutdown()
    - handle_request()  # if you do not use serve_forever()
    - fileno() -> int   # for select()

    Methods that may be overridden:

    - server_bind()
    - server_activate()
    - get_request() -> request, client_address
    - handle_timeout()
    - verify_request(request, client_address)
    - server_close()
    - process_request(request, client_address)
    - shutdown_request(request)
    - close_request(request)
    - handle_error()

    Methods for derived classes:

    - finish_request(request, client_address)

    Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
    instances:

    - timeout
    - address_family
    - socket_type
    - allow_reuse_address

    Instance variables:

    - RequestHandlerClass
    - socket

    """

    timeout = None

    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
        self.server_address = server_address
        self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
        self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
        self.__shutdown_request = False

    def server_activate(self):
        """Called by constructor to activate the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        pass

    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
        """Handle one request at a time until shutdown.

        Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores
        self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in
        another thread.
        """
        self.__is_shut_down.clear()
        try:
            while not self.__shutdown_request:
                # XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or
                # connecting to the socket to wake this up instead of
                # polling. Polling reduces our responsiveness to a
                # shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other times.
                r, w, e = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [],
                                       poll_interval)
                if self in r:
                    self._handle_request_noblock()
        finally:
            self.__shutdown_request = False
            self.__is_shut_down.set()

    def shutdown(self):
        """Stops the serve_forever loop.

        Blocks until the loop has finished. This must be called while
        serve_forever() is running in another thread, or it will
        deadlock.
        """
        self.__shutdown_request = True
        self.__is_shut_down.wait()

    # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and
    # finishing a request is fairly arbitrary.  Remember:
    #
    # - handle_request() is the top-level call.  It calls
    #   select, get_request(), verify_request() and process_request()
    # - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets
    # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process
    #   or create a new thread to finish the request
    # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class;
    #   this constructor will handle the request all by itself

    def handle_request(self):
        """Handle one request, possibly blocking.

        Respects self.timeout.
        """
        # Support people who used socket.settimeout() to escape
        # handle_request before self.timeout was available.
        timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
        if timeout is None:
            timeout = self.timeout
        elif self.timeout is not None:
            timeout = min(timeout, self.timeout)
        fd_sets = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [], timeout)
        if not fd_sets[0]:
            self.handle_timeout()
            return
        self._handle_request_noblock()

    def _handle_request_noblock(self):
        """Handle one request, without blocking.

        I assume that select.select has returned that the socket is
        readable before this function was called, so there should be
        no risk of blocking in get_request().
        """
        try:
            request, client_address = self.get_request()
        except socket.error:
            return
        if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
            try:
                self.process_request(request, client_address)
            except:
                self.handle_error(request, client_address)
                self.shutdown_request(request)

    def handle_timeout(self):
        """Called if no new request arrives within self.timeout.

        Overridden by ForkingMixIn.
        """
        pass

    def verify_request(self, request, client_address):
        """Verify the request.  May be overridden.

        Return True if we should proceed with this request.

        """
        return True

    def process_request(self, request, client_address):
        """Call finish_request.

        Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.

        """
        self.finish_request(request, client_address)
        self.shutdown_request(request)

    def server_close(self):
        """Called to clean-up the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        pass

    def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
        """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""
        self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)

    def shutdown_request(self, request):
        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
        self.close_request(request)

    def close_request(self, request):
        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
        pass

    def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
        """Handle an error gracefully.  May be overridden.

        The default is to print a traceback and continue.

        """
        print '-'*40
        print 'Exception happened during processing of request from',
        print client_address
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr!
        print '-'*40

　

TCPServer

class TCPServer(BaseServer):

    """Base class for various socket-based server classes.

    Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP).

    Methods for the caller:

    - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)
    - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
    - shutdown()
    - handle_request()  # if you don't use serve_forever()
    - fileno() -> int   # for select()

    Methods that may be overridden:

    - server_bind()
    - server_activate()
    - get_request() -> request, client_address
    - handle_timeout()
    - verify_request(request, client_address)
    - process_request(request, client_address)
    - shutdown_request(request)
    - close_request(request)
    - handle_error()

    Methods for derived classes:

    - finish_request(request, client_address)

    Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
    instances:

    - timeout
    - address_family
    - socket_type
    - request_queue_size (only for stream sockets)
    - allow_reuse_address

    Instance variables:

    - server_address
    - RequestHandlerClass
    - socket

    """

    address_family = socket.AF_INET

    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM

    request_queue_size = 5

    allow_reuse_address = False

    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
        BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
                                    self.socket_type)
        if bind_and_activate:
            try:
                self.server_bind()
                self.server_activate()
            except:
                self.server_close()
                raise

    def server_bind(self):
        """Called by constructor to bind the socket.

        May be overridden.

        """
        if self.allow_reuse_address:
            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
        self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()

    def server_activate(self):
        """Called by constructor to activate the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)

    def server_close(self):
        """Called to clean-up the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        self.socket.close()

    def fileno(self):
        """Return socket file number.

        Interface required by select().

        """
        return self.socket.fileno()

    def get_request(self):
        """Get the request and client address from the socket.

        May be overridden.

        """
        return self.socket.accept()

    def shutdown_request(self, request):
        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
        try:
            #explicitly shutdown.  socket.close() merely releases
            #the socket and waits for GC to perform the actual close.
            request.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
        except socket.error:
            pass #some platforms may raise ENOTCONN here
        self.close_request(request)

    def close_request(self, request):
        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
        request.close()

　

ThreadingMixIn

class ThreadingMixIn:
    """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread."""

    # Decides how threads will act upon termination of the
    # main process
    daemon_threads = False

    def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
        """Same as in BaseServer but as a thread.

        In addition, exception handling is done here.

        """
        try:
            self.finish_request(request, client_address)
        except Exception:
            self.handle_error(request, client_address)
        finally:
            self.shutdown_request(request)

    def process_request(self, request, client_address):
        """Start a new thread to process the request."""
        t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,
                             args = (request, client_address))
        t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
        t.start()

　　

RequestHandler

class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass

class BaseRequestHandler:

    """Base class for request handler classes.

    This class is instantiated for each request to be handled.  The
    constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address
    and server, and then calls the handle() method.  To implement a
    specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which
    defines a handle() method.

    The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the
    client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it
    needs access to per-server information) as self.server.  Since a
    separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method
    can define arbitrary other instance variariables.

    """

    def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
        self.request = request
        self.client_address = client_address
        self.server = server
        self.setup()
        try:
            self.handle()
        finally:
            self.finish()

    def setup(self):
        pass

    def handle(self):
        pass

    def finish(self):
        pass

　　

请求处理类有三种方法：

setup()

Called before the handle() method to perform any initialization actions required. The default implementation does nothing.

也就是在handle()之前被调用，主要的作用就是执行处理请求之前的初始化相关的各种工作。默认不会做任何事。（如果想要让其做一些事的话，就要程序员在自己的请求处理器中覆盖这个方法（因为一般自定义的请求处理器都要继承python中提供的BaseRequestHandler，ps：下文会提到的），然后往里面添加东西即可）

handle()

This function must do all the work required to service a request. The default implementation does nothing. Several instance attributes are available to it; the request is available as self.request; the client address as self.client_address; and the server instance as self.server, in case it needs access to per-server information.

The type of self.request is different for datagram or stream services. For stream services,self.request is a socket object; for datagram services, self.request is a pair of string and socket.

handle()的工作就是做那些所有与处理请求相关的工作。默认也不会做任何事。他有数个实例参数：self.request    self.client_address   self.server

finish()

Called after the handle() method to perform any clean-up actions required. The default implementation does nothing. If setup() raises an exception, this function will not be called.

在handle()方法之后会被调用，他的作用就是执行当处理完请求后的清理工作，默认不会做任何事

内部调用流程为：

1. 启动服务端程序
2. 执行 TCPServer.__init__ 方法，创建服务端Socket对象并绑定 IP 和 端口

 address_family = socket.AF_INET

    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM

    request_queue_size = 5

    allow_reuse_address = False

    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
        BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
                                    self.socket_type)
        if bind_and_activate:
            try:
                self.server_bind()
                self.server_activate()
            except:
                self.server_close()
                raise

    def server_bind(self):
        """Called by constructor to bind the socket.

        May be overridden.

        """
        if self.allow_reuse_address:
            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
        self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()

    def server_activate(self):
        """Called by constructor to activate the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)

    def server_close(self):
        """Called to clean-up the server.

        May be overridden.

        """
        self.socket.close()

　

执行 BaseServer.__init__ 方法，将自定义的继承自SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler 的类 MyRequestHandle赋值给 self.RequestHandlerClass

 

    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
        self.server_address = server_address
        self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
        self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
        self.__shutdown_request = False

　　

执行 BaseServer.server_forever 方法，While 循环一直监听是否有客户端请求到达 ...

 def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
        """Handle one request at a time until shutdown.

        Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores
        self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in
        another thread.
        """
        self.__is_shut_down.clear()
        try:
            # XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or connecting to the
            # socket to wake this up instead of polling. Polling reduces our
            # responsiveness to a shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other
            # times.
            with _ServerSelector() as selector:
                selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)

                while not self.__shutdown_request:
                    ready = selector.select(poll_interval)
                    if ready:
                        self._handle_request_noblock()

                    self.service_actions()
        finally:
            self.__shutdown_request = False
            self.__is_shut_down.set()

　　

当客户端连接到达服务器

def _handle_request_noblock(self):
        """Handle one request, without blocking.

        I assume that selector.select() has returned that the socket is
        readable before this function was called, so there should be no risk of
        blocking in get_request().
        """
        try:
            request, client_address = self.get_request()
        except OSError:
            return
        if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
            try:
                self.process_request(request, client_address)
            except Exception:
                self.handle_error(request, client_address)
                self.shutdown_request(request)
            except:
                self.shutdown_request(request)
                raise
        else:
            self.shutdown_request(request)

执行 ThreadingMixIn.process_request 方法，创建一个 “线程” 用来处理请求

执行 ThreadingMixIn.process_request_thread 方法

　

 # main process
    daemon_threads = False

    def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
        """Same as in BaseServer but as a thread.

        In addition, exception handling is done here.

        """
        try:
            self.finish_request(request, client_address)
        except Exception:
            self.handle_error(request, client_address)
        finally:
            self.shutdown_request(request)

    def process_request(self, request, client_address):
        """Start a new thread to process the request."""
        t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,
                             args = (request, client_address))
        t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
        t.start()

　　

执行 BaseServer.finish_request 方法，执行 self.RequestHandlerClass()  即：执行 自定义 MyRequestHandler 的构造方法（自动调用基类BaseRequestHandler的构造方法，在该构造方法中又会调用 MyRequestHandler的handle方法）

finish_request方法中执行了self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)。self.RequestHandlerClass是什么呢？

self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass（就在__init__方法中）。所以finish_request方法本质上就是创建了一个服务处理实例RequestHandlerClass

 RequestHandlerClass继承了BaseRequestHandler类，并实现handle方法，在实例化RequestHandlerClass时，会执行handle方法，处理用户所发送的数据（也就是事务逻辑）。

class BaseRequestHandler:

    """Base class for request handler classes.

    This class is instantiated for each request to be handled.  The
    constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address
    and server, and then calls the handle() method.  To implement a
    specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which
    defines a handle() method.

    The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the
    client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it
    needs access to per-server information) as self.server.  Since a
    separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method
    can define other arbitrary instance variables.

    """

    def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
        self.request = request
        self.client_address = client_address
        self.server = server
        self.setup()
        try:
            self.handle()
        finally:
            self.finish()

 时序图

　　

附录

class SocketServer.BaseServer：这是模块中的所有服务器对象的超类。它定义了接口，如下所述，但是大多数的方法不实现，在子类中进行细化。

    BaseServer.fileno()：返回服务器监听套接字的整数文件描述符。通常用来传递给select.select(), 以允许一个进程监视多个服务器。

    BaseServer.handle_request()：处理单个请求。处理顺序：get_request(), verify_request(), process_request()。如果用户提供handle()方法抛出异常，将调用服务器的handle_error()方法。如果self.timeout内没有请求收到， 将调用handle_timeout()并返回handle_request()。

    BaseServer.serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5): 处理请求，直到一个明确的shutdown()请求。每poll_interval秒轮询一次shutdown。忽略self.timeout。如果你需要做周期性的任务，建议放置在其他线程。

    BaseServer.shutdown()：告诉serve_forever()循环停止并等待其停止。python2.6版本。

    BaseServer.address_family: 地址家族，比如socket.AF_INET和socket.AF_UNIX。

    BaseServer.RequestHandlerClass：用户提供的请求处理类，这个类为每个请求创建实例。

    BaseServer.server_address：服务器侦听的地址。格式根据协议家族地址的各不相同，请参阅socket模块的文档。

    BaseServer.socketSocket：服务器上侦听传入的请求socket对象的服务器。

服务器类支持下面的类变量：

    BaseServer.allow_reuse_address：服务器是否允许地址的重用。默认为false ，并且可在子类中更改。

    BaseServer.request_queue_size

请求队列的大小。如果单个请求需要很长的时间来处理，服务器忙时请求被放置到队列中，最多可以放request_queue_size个。一旦队列已满，来自客户端的请求将得到 “Connection denied”错误。默认值通常为5 ，但可以被子类覆盖。

    BaseServer.socket_type：服务器使用的套接字类型; socket.SOCK_STREAM和socket.SOCK_DGRAM等。

    BaseServer.timeout：超时时间，以秒为单位，或 None表示没有超时。如果handle_request()在timeout内没有收到请求，将调用handle_timeout()。

下面方法可以被子类重载，它们对服务器对象的外部用户没有影响。

    BaseServer.finish_request()：实际处理RequestHandlerClass发起的请求并调用其handle()方法。 常用。

    BaseServer.get_request()：接受socket请求，并返回二元组包含要用于与客户端通信的新socket对象，以及客户端的地址。

    BaseServer.handle_error(request, client_address)：如果RequestHandlerClass的handle()方法抛出异常时调用。默认操作是打印traceback到标准输出，并继续处理其他请求。

    BaseServer.handle_timeout()：超时处理。默认对于forking服务器是收集退出的子进程状态，threading服务器则什么都不做。

    BaseServer.process_request(request, client_address) :调用finish_request()创建RequestHandlerClass的实例。如果需要，此功能可以创建新的进程或线程来处理请求,ForkingMixIn和ThreadingMixIn类做到这点。常用。

    BaseServer.server_activate()：通过服务器的构造函数来激活服务器。默认的行为只是监听服务器套接字。可重载。

    BaseServer.server_bind()：通过服务器的构造函数中调用绑定socket到所需的地址。可重载。

    BaseServer.verify_request(request, client_address)：返回一个布尔值，如果该值为True ，则该请求将被处理，反之请求将被拒绝。此功能可以重写来实现对服务器的访问控制。默认的实现始终返回True。client_address可以限定客户端，比如只处理指定ip区间的请求。 常用。

　　

这个几个服务类都是同步处理请求的：一个请求没处理完不能处理下一个请求。要想支持异步模型，可以利用多继承让server类继承ForkingMixIn 或 ThreadingMixIn mix-in classes。

ForkingMixIn利用多进程（分叉）实现异步。

ThreadingMixIn利用多线程实现异步。

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/MnCu8261/p/5546823.html