oracle安装备忘录

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作者：liang墨竹 
来源：CSDN 
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/oschina_41140683/article/details/81510709 
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！

hostnamectl set-hostname oracle

1、配置yum源：
cd /etc
mv yum.repos.d yum.repos.d.bak
mkdir yum.repos.d
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache

2、安装依赖包：
yum -y install binutils 
compat-libstdc++-33 
elfutils-libelf 
elfutils-libelf-devel 
expat 
gcc 
gcc-c++ 
glibc 
glibc-common 
glibc-devel 
glibc-headers 
libaio 
libaio-devel 
libgcc 
libstdc++ 
libstdc++-devel 
make 
pdksh 
sysstat 
unixODBC 
unixODBC-devel

3、检查依赖是否安装完整：
rpm -q 
binutils 
compat-libstdc++-33 
elfutils-libelf 
elfutils-libelf-devel 
expat 
gcc 
gcc-c++ 
glibc 
glibc-common 
glibc-devel 
glibc-headers 
libaio 
libaio-devel 
libgcc 
libstdc++ 
libstdc++-devel 
make 
pdksh 
sysstat 
unixODBC 
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

通过yum install pdksh -y 安装缺少 package ；直接下载rpm进行安装
wget -O /tmp/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
再次检查依赖包是否安装完整:
rpm -q 
binutils 
compat-libstdc++-33 
elfutils-libelf 
elfutils-libelf-devel 
expat 
gcc 
gcc-c++ 
glibc 
glibc-common 
glibc-devel 
glibc-headers 
libaio 
libaio-devel 
libgcc 
libstdc++ 
libstdc++-devel 
make 
pdksh 
sysstat 
unixODBC 
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"


4、添加oracle用户组和用户：

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle

5、添加完成后，查看oracle用户：
id oracle

6、初始化oracle用户的密码：
passwd oracle

配置hostname（本机IP映射）
vim /etc/hosts
  192.168.199.110 oracle
# 测试hostname
  ping -c 3 oracle
  
 优化OS内核参数
# kernel.shmmax 参数设置为物理内存的一半
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586

使参数生效:
sysctl -p

限制oracle用户的shell权限:
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
 
#在末尾添加
oracle	soft	nproc	2047
oracle	hard	nproc	16384
oracle	soft	nofile	1024
oracle	hard	nofile	65536
oracle	soft	stack	10240
oracle	hard	stack	10240
 
vim /etc/pam.d/login
 
session  required   /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session  required   pam_limits.so
 
vim /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------
使之生效：
source /etc/profile
============================================================================20190511
创建oracle安装目录:
mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /db/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir /db/app/oracle/inventory
mkdir /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle

配置oracle用户环境变量:

su - oracle  ## oracle用户登陆
 
vim .bash_profile
 
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
 
## 以上配置完成后，建议重启系统
 
reboot

解压oracle压缩文件到 /db：

cd /db/
 
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /db
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /db
 
解压完成后
 
mkdir /home/oracle/etc/
cp /db/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/
 
vim /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
 
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/db/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
开始安装：

su - oracle
 
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
 
## 安装期间可以使用tail命令监看oracle的安装日志
 
tail -f /db/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2018-08-11_12-48-29PM.log
安装完成，提示Successfully Setup Software.



 使用root用户执行脚本:

su - root
/db/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

 
增加或修改oracle的环境变量:

su  - oracle
 
vim ~/.bash_profile
 
#for oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ROACLE_PID=ora11g
#export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
配置监听程序:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control: 
      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
启动监控程序:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-SEP-2016 11:23:31
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
 
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/docker/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=docker)(PORT=1521)))
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                01-SEP-2016 11:23:31
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/docker/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=docker)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
静默dbca建库

编辑应答文件:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ vi /etc/dbca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
建库:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile etc/dbca.rsp
 
Enter SYS user password: oracle
  
Enter SYSTEM user password: oracle
 
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
57% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
74% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file Look at the log file "/db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/orcl11g.log" for further details.
查看输出日志:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ cat /db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/orcl11g.log
Copying database files
DBCA_PROGRESS : 1%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 3%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 11%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 18%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 26%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 37%
Creating and starting Oracle instance
DBCA_PROGRESS : 40%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 45%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 50%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 55%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 56%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 60%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 62%
Completing Database Creation
DBCA_PROGRESS : 66%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 70%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 73%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 85%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 96%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 100%
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:orcl11g.us.oracle.com
System Identifier(SID):orcl
至此完成数据库实例的创建。

删除实例：

[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb orcl
设置Oracle开机启动
vi /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
 
vi /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut
 
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
 
vi /etc/oratab
 
orcl:/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
 
vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
 
#! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already running.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
   touch $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'stop')
   if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already stopping.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
   rm -f $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'restart')
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
'status')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 started.
      else
      echo $0 stopped.
   fi
   ;;
*)
   echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
   exit 1
esac
exit 0
开机启动oracle

systemctl enable oracle
开机启动问题
oracle ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
 
cd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
 
chmod 6751 oracle
 
TNS-12555: TNS:permission denied
 
cd /var/tmp
 
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle

sqlplus / as sysdba
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql

alter user scott account unlock;
commit;


systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld

alter user scott account unlock;
alter user scott identified by tiger;
grant connect to scott;