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  • 多条记录取最前面一条或根据条件任取N条

    select * from t1 where id in(select min(id) from t1 group by name)
    SELECT * FROM t1 a WHERE [time]=
               (
              
    SELECT TOP 1 [time]
              
    FROM t1
              
    WHERE name=a.name
              
    ORDER BY [Time] DESC
               )


    --按某一字段分组取最大(小)值所在行的数据

    /*
    数据如下:
    name val memo
    a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
    a 1 a1--a的第一个值
    a 3 a3:a的第三个值
    b 1 b1--b的第一个值
    b 3 b3:b的第三个值
    b 2 b2b2b2b2
    b 4 b4b4
    b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
    */
    --创建表并插入数据:
    create table tb(name varchar(10),val int,memo varchar(20))
    insert into tb values('a', 2, 'a2(a的第二个值)')
    insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
    insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
    insert into tb values('b', 1, 'b1--b的第一个值')
    insert into tb values('b', 3, 'b3:b的第三个值')
    insert into tb values('b', 2, 'b2b2b2b2')
    insert into tb values('b', 4, 'b4b4')
    insert into tb values('b', 5, 'b5b5b5b5b5')
    go

    --一、按name分组取val最大的值所在行的数据。
    --
    方法1:
    select a.* from tb a where val = (select max(val) from tb where name = a.name) order by a.name
    --方法2:
    select a.* from tb a where not exists(select 1 from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val)
    --方法3:
    select a.* from tb a,(select name,max(val) val from tb group by name) b where a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
    --方法4:
    select a.* from tb a inner join (select name , max(val) val from tb group by name) b on a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
    --方法5
    select a.* from tb a where 1 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val ) order by a.name
    /*
    name val memo
    ---------- ----------- --------------------
    a 3 a3:a的第三个值
    b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
    */

    --二、按name分组取val最小的值所在行的数据。
    --
    方法1:
    select a.* from tb a where val = (select min(val) from tb where name = a.name) order by a.name
    --方法2:
    select a.* from tb a where not exists(select 1 from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val)
    --方法3:
    select a.* from tb a,(select name,min(val) val from tb group by name) b where a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
    --方法4:
    select a.* from tb a inner join (select name , min(val) val from tb group by name) b on a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
    --方法5
    select a.* from tb a where 1 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val) order by a.name
    /*
    name val memo
    ---------- ----------- --------------------
    a 1 a1--a的第一个值
    b 1 b1--b的第一个值
    */

    --三、按name分组取第一次出现的行所在的数据。
    select a.* from tb a where val = (select top 1 val from tb where name = a.name) order by a.name
    /*
    name val memo
    ---------- ----------- --------------------
    a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
    b 1 b1--b的第一个值
    */

    --四、按name分组随机取一条数据。
    select a.* from tb a where val = (select top 1 val from tb where name = a.name order by newid()) order by a.name
    /*
    name val memo
    ---------- ----------- --------------------
    a 1 a1--a的第一个值
    b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
    */

    --五、按name分组取最小的两个(N个)val
    select a.* from tb a where 2 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val ) order by a.name,a.val
    select a.* from tb a where val in (select top 2 val from tb where name=a.name order by val) order by a.name,a.val
    select a.* from tb a where exists (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val having Count(*) < 2) order by a.name
    /*
    name val memo
    ---------- ----------- --------------------
    a 1 a1--a的第一个值
    a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
    b 1 b1--b的第一个值
    b 2 b2b2b2b2
    */

    --六、按name分组取最大的两个(N个)val
    select a.* from tb a where 2 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val ) order by a.name,a.val
    select a.* from tb a where val in (select top 2 val from tb where name=a.name order by val desc) order by a.name,a.val
    select a.* from tb a where exists (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val having Count(*) < 2) order by a.name
    /*
    name val memo
    ---------- ----------- --------------------
    a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
    a 3 a3:a的第三个值
    b 4 b4b4
    b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
    */
    --七,如果整行数据有重复,所有的列都相同。
    /*

    数据如下:
    name val memo
    a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
    a 1 a1--a的第一个值
    a 1 a1--a的第一个值
    a 3 a3:a的第三个值
    a 3 a3:a的第三个值
    b 1 b1--b的第一个值
    b 3 b3:b的第三个值
    b 2 b2b2b2b2
    b 4 b4b4
    b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
    */
    --在sql server 2000中只能用一个临时表来解决,生成一个自增列,先对val取最大或最小,然后再通过自增列来取数据。
    --
    创建表并插入数据:
    create table tb(name varchar(10),val int,memo varchar(20))
    insert into tb values('a', 2, 'a2(a的第二个值)')
    insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
    insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
    insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
    insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
    insert into tb values('b', 1, 'b1--b的第一个值')
    insert into tb values('b', 3, 'b3:b的第三个值')
    insert into tb values('b', 2, 'b2b2b2b2')
    insert into tb values('b', 4, 'b4b4')
    insert into tb values('b', 5, 'b5b5b5b5b5')
    go

    select * , px = identity(int,1,1) into tmp from tb

    select m.name,m.val,m.memo from
    (
    select t.* from tmp t where val = (select min(val) from tmp where name = t.name)
    ) m
    where px = (select min(px) from
    (
    select t.* from tmp t where val = (select min(val) from tmp where name = t.name)
    ) n
    where n.name = m.name)

    drop table tb,tmp

    /*
    name val memo
    ---------- ----------- --------------------
    a 1 a1--a的第一个值
    b 1 b1--b的第一个值

    (2 行受影响)
    */
    --在sql server 2005中可以使用row_number函数,不需要使用临时表。
    --
    创建表并插入数据:
    create table tb(name varchar(10),val int,memo varchar(20))
    insert into tb values('a', 2, 'a2(a的第二个值)')
    insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
    insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
    insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
    insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
    insert into tb values('b', 1, 'b1--b的第一个值')
    insert into tb values('b', 3, 'b3:b的第三个值')
    insert into tb values('b', 2, 'b2b2b2b2')
    insert into tb values('b', 4, 'b4b4')
    insert into tb values('b', 5, 'b5b5b5b5b5')
    go

    select m.name,m.val,m.memo from
    (
    select * , px = row_number() over(order by name , val) from tb
    ) m
    where px = (select min(px) from
    (
    select * , px = row_number() over(order by name , val) from tb
    ) n
    where n.name = m.name)

    drop table tb

    /*
    name val memo
    ---------- ----------- --------------------
    a 1 a1--a的第一个值
    b 1 b1--b的第一个值

    (2 行受影响)
    */
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofengfeng/p/1883932.html
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