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  • 01背包问题(几种算法解)

     

    标题: 0-1背包问题
    时 限: 1000 ms
    内存限制: 10000 K
    总时限: 3000 ms
    描述:

    需对容量为c 的背包进行装载。从n 个物品中选取装入背包的物品,每件物品i 的重量为wi ,价值为pi 。对于可行的背包装载,背包中物品的总重量不能超过背包的容量,最佳装载是指所装入的物品价值最高。

    输入:

    多个测例,每个测例的输入占三行。第一行两个整数:nn<=10)和c,第二行n个整数分别是w1wn,第三行n个整数分别是p1pnn c 都等于零标志输入结束。

    输出:

    每个测例的输出占一行,输出一个整数,即最佳装载的总价值。

    输入样例:

     

    1 2
    1
    1
    2 3
    2 2
    3 4
    0 0

     

    输出样例:

    1

    4

    提示:  

    来源:

     
    回溯法
      1 import java.sql.Array;
      2 import java.util.ArrayList;
      3 import java.util.Scanner;
      4 
      5 public class Main {
      6     static double c = 0;
      7     static int n = 0;
      8     static double[] w;
      9     static double[] p;
     10     static double cw;
     11     static double cp;
     12     static double bestp;
     13 
     14     public static void main(String[] args) {
     15         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
     16         
     17         ArrayList<Integer> list=new ArrayList<Integer>();
     18         Scanner myscanner = new Scanner(System.in);
     19         n = myscanner.nextInt();
     20         c = myscanner.nextDouble();
     21         
     22         while (!(n == 0 && c == 0)) {
     23             double[] pp = new double[n + 1];
     24             double[] ww = new double[n + 1];
     25             for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
     26                 ww[i] = myscanner.nextDouble();
     27             }
     28             for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
     29                 pp[i] = myscanner.nextDouble();
     30             }          
     31             Knapsack(pp, ww, c);
     32             //System.out.println("最大价值为:" + bestp);
     33             list.add((int) bestp);
     34             //System.out.println("请输入背包容量n的大小:");
     35             n = myscanner.nextInt();
     36             //System.out.println("请输入背包容量c的大小:");
     37             c = myscanner.nextDouble();
     38         }
     39         
     40         for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
     41             System.out.println(list.get(i));
     42         }
     43     }
     44 
     45     public static class Element implements Comparable {
     46         int id;
     47         double d;
     48 
     49         private Element(int idd, double dd) {
     50             id = idd;
     51             d = dd;
     52         }
     53 
     54         public int compareTo(Object x) {
     55             double xd = ((Element) x).d;
     56             if (d < xd)
     57                 return -1;
     58             if (d == xd)
     59                 return 0;
     60             return 1;
     61         }
     62 
     63         public boolean equals(Object x) {
     64             return d == ((Element) x).d;
     65         }
     66     }
     67 
     68     public static double Knapsack(double[] pp, double[] ww, double cc) {
     69         c = cc;
     70         cw = 0.0;
     71         cp = 0.0;
     72         n = pp.length - 1;
     73         bestp = 0.0;
     74 
     75         Element[] q = new Element[n];
     76 
     77         for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
     78             q[i - 1] = new Element(i, pp[i] / ww[i]);
     79         }
     80 
     81         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     82             for (int j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; j++) {
     83                 if (q[j].d > q[j + 1].d) {
     84                     double temp = q[j].d;
     85                     q[j].d = q[j + 1].d;
     86                     q[j + 1].d = temp;
     87                 }
     88             }
     89         }
     90 
     91         p = new double[n + 1];
     92         w = new double[n + 1];
     93         for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
     94             p[i] = pp[q[n - i].id];
     95             w[i] = ww[q[n - i].id];
     96         }
     97 
     98         backtrack(1);
     99         return bestp;
    100     }
    101 
    102     public static void backtrack(int i) {
    103         if (i > n) {
    104             bestp = cp;
    105             return;
    106         }
    107 
    108         if (cw + w[i] <= c) {
    109             cw += w[i];
    110             cp += p[i];
    111             backtrack(i + 1);
    112             cw -= w[i];
    113             cp -= p[i];
    114         }
    115 
    116         if (bound(i + 1) > bestp) {
    117             backtrack(i + 1);
    118         }
    119     }
    120 
    121     public static double bound(int i) {
    122         double cleft = c - cw;
    123         double bound = cp;
    124         while (i <= n && w[i] <= cleft) {
    125             cleft -= w[i];
    126             bound += p[i];
    127             i++;
    128         }
    129 
    130         if (i <= n) {
    131             bound += p[i] * cleft / w[i];
    132         }
    133 
    134         return bound;
    135     }
    136 }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofengkang/p/2495187.html
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