结论:
std::ref:用于包装按引用传递的值。
std::cref:用户包装按const引用传递的值。
对于std::bind或std::thread中只能使用std::ref 和 std::cref 不能使用&。
std::ref 和 std::cref 只是尝试模拟引用传递,并不能真正变成引用,在非模板情况下,std::ref根本没法实现引用传递,只有模板自动推到类型时,ref能包装类型reference_wrapper来代替原本会被识别的值类型,而reference_wrapper能隐式转换为被引用的值的引用类型,但是并不能被用作 & 类型。
#include <functional> #include <iostream> void f(int& n1, int& n2, const int& n3) { std::cout << "In function: n1[" << n1 << "] n2[" << n2 << "] n3[" << n3 << "]" << std::endl; ++n1; // 增加存储于函数对象的 n1 副本 ++n2; // 增加 main() 的 n2 //++n3; // 编译错误 std::cout << "In function end: n1[" << n1 << "] n2[" << n2 << "] n3[" << n3 << "]" << std::endl; } int main() { int n1 = 1, n2 = 1, n3 = 1; std::cout << "Before function: n1[" << n1 << "] n2[" << n2 << "] n3[" << n3 << "]" << std::endl; std::function<void()> bound_f = std::bind(f, n1, std::ref(n2), std::cref(n3)); bound_f(); std::cout << "After function: n1[" << n1 << "] n2[" << n2 << "] n3[" << n3 << "]" << std::endl; }
运行结果:
Before function: n1[1] n2[1] n3[1] In function: n1[1] n2[1] n3[1] In function end: n1[2] n2[2] n3[1] After function: n1[1] n2[2] n3[1]
资料:
https://www.jianshu.com/p/277675675593
https://blog.csdn.net/lmb1612977696/article/details/81543802