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  • Apache Mina 2.x 超详实例

    最近使用Mina开发一个Java的NIO服务端程序,因此也特意学习了Apache的这个Mina框架。

      首先,Mina是个什么东西?看下官方网站(http://mina.apache.org/)对它的解释:

      Apache的Mina(Multipurpose Infrastructure Networked Applications)是一个网络应用框架,可以帮助用户开发高性能和高扩展性的网络应用程序;它提供了一个抽象的、事件驱动的异步API,使Java NIO在各种传输协议(如TCP/IP,UDP/IP协议等)下快速高效开发。

      Apache Mina也称为:

    • NIO框架
    • 客户端/服务端框架(典型的C/S架构)
    • 网络套接字(networking socket)类库
    • 事件驱动的异步API(注意:在JDK7中也新增了异步API)

    总之:我们简单理解它是一个封装底层IO操作,提供高级操作API的通讯框架!

     

    在Mina的官网、以及网上都有比较丰富的文档了,这里我就稍微简单说一下Mina的结构和示例代码。

    因为Mina2.X改进了Mina的代码结构和包结构,降低了使用的复杂性和增强了健壮性,所以使得API发生了比较大的改变,有许多地方已经和Mina1.x不兼容了。

    这里使用的是Mina2.0.4

    1.Mina的结构

     

    Mina的通信流程大致如上图所示,各个组件功能有:
    (1.)  IoService:这个接口在一个线程上负责套接字的建立,拥有自己的Selector,监
    听是否有连接被建立。

    (Mina底层使用JAVA NIO, 因此它是典型的使用Reactor模式架构的,采用事件驱动编程 , Mina运行用户自定义线程模型,可以是单线程、多线程、线程池等 ,

       跟JAVA Socket不一样, Mina是非阻塞的Socket,它内部已经保证了对各个连接(session)的业务和数据的隔离,采用轮询机制为各个session分配CPU资源,

      所以,你就不需要再去考虑不同Socket连接需要用不同的线程去操纵的问题了。)

    (2.)  IoProcessor:这个接口在另一个线程上负责检查是否有数据在通道上读写,也就是
    说它也拥有自己的Selector,这是与我们使用JAVA NIO 编码时的一个不同之处,
    通常在JAVA NIO 编码中,我们都是使用一个Selector,也就是不区分IoService
    与 IoProcessor 两个功能接口。另外,IoProcessor 负责调用注册在IoService 上
    的过滤器,并在过滤器链之后调用IoHandler。


    (3.)  IoFilter:这个接口定义一组拦截器,这些拦截器可以包括日志输出、黑名单过滤、
    数据的编码(write 方向)与解码(read 方向)等功能,其中数据的encode 与 decode
    是最为重要的、也是你在使用Mina 时最主要关注的地方。


    (4.)  IoHandler:这个接口负责编写业务逻辑,也就是接收、发送数据的地方。
     

    2. Mina编程的大致过程.

        2.1 总体流程

            建立服务器端的资源: 包括 Acceptor的建立,之后为Acceptor配置相应的Filter(可以是Mina自带的Filter或者自定义的Filter),

    之后再配置相应基于事件驱动的处理业务逻辑的IoHandler.

           建立客户端的资源: Mina采用了统一的编程模型,所以建立客户端的过程和建立服务器端的过程大致上是相似的,不过这里建立的是Connector.

       2.2 示例程序。(使用jar包为 mina-core-2.0.4.jar)

          下面通过一个简单的示例程序来进一步理解Mina的运行机制。

         该程序实现简单的即时通讯功能。 即,多个客户端可以同时脸上服务器,并进行类似于聊天室一样的通信。

             

           2.2.1 建立自定义的TextLineCodecFacotry

                 为了了解Mina的代码功能以及运行机制,我们模拟实现了类似Mina自带TextLineCodecFactory。

        该CodecFactory功能是: 配合ProtocolCodecFilter 进行对底层数据(binary二进制数据流)和高层数据(特定类型的数据对象信息,例如String)之间的转换。

                    这里实现了一个断行读取功能,即遇到'\n'的时候,就认为是一个String Line , 将这段数据流封装成String,之后再交给下一个Filter或者Handler处理。

                    CodecFactory是一个工厂方法,底层通过一个Decoder和Encoder来提供对数据进行解、编码的操作,载体是IoBuffer

                    (解码:将二进制数据转换成高层数据(对象)    编码:将高层数据(对象)转换成二进制数据流)  )

         1)建立Decoder (MyTextLineDecoder)

          实现了ProtocolDecoder接口

    View Code 
    
    package com.mai.mina.diyCodecFilter;
    
    import java.nio.charset.Charset;
    
    import org.apache.mina.core.buffer.IoBuffer;
    import org.apache.mina.core.session.IoSession;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.ProtocolDecoder;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.ProtocolDecoderOutput;
    
    public class MyTextLineDecoder implements ProtocolDecoder{
    
        Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
        IoBuffer buf = IoBuffer.allocate(100).setAutoExpand(true);
        
        @Override
        public void decode(IoSession session, IoBuffer in, ProtocolDecoderOutput output)
                throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            while(in.hasRemaining()){
                byte b = in.get();
                if(b == '\n'){
                    buf.flip();
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.limit()];
                    buf.get(bytes);
                    String message = new String(bytes,charset);
                    buf = IoBuffer.allocate(100).setAutoExpand(true);
                    
                    output.write(message);
                }else{
                    buf.put(b);
                }
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void dispose(IoSession arg0) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            
        }
    
        @Override
        public void finishDecode(IoSession arg0, ProtocolDecoderOutput arg1)
                throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            
        }
    
    }

    2)建立Encoder (MyTextLineEncoder)

          实现了ProtocolEncoder接口

    View Code 
    
    package com.mai.mina.diyCodecFilter;
    
    import java.nio.charset.Charset;
    
    import org.apache.mina.core.buffer.IoBuffer;
    import org.apache.mina.core.session.IoSession;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.ProtocolEncoder;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.ProtocolEncoderOutput;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.textline.LineDelimiter;
    
    public class MyTextLineEncoder implements ProtocolEncoder{
    
        Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
        
        @Override
        public void dispose(IoSession session) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            
        }
    
        @Override
        public void encode(IoSession session, Object message, ProtocolEncoderOutput output)
                throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            IoBuffer buf = IoBuffer.allocate(100).setAutoExpand(true);
            
            buf.putString(message.toString(), charset.newEncoder());
            
            buf.putString(LineDelimiter.DEFAULT.getValue(), charset.newEncoder());
            buf.flip();
            
            output.write(buf);
            
        }
    
    }

    3)建立MyTextLineCodecFactory

          实现了ProtocolCodecFactory接口

    package com.mai.mina.diyCodecFilter;
    
    import org.apache.mina.core.session.IoSession;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.ProtocolCodecFactory;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.ProtocolDecoder;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.ProtocolEncoder;
    
    public class MyTextLineCodecFactory implements ProtocolCodecFactory{
    
        @Override
        public ProtocolDecoder getDecoder(IoSession arg0) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            return new MyTextLineDecoder();
        }
    
        @Override
        public ProtocolEncoder getEncoder(IoSession arg0) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            return new MyTextLineEncoder();
        }
    
    }

    2.2.2 建立服务器端资源(包括Acceptor的配置、Handler建立)

        1). 建立自定义IoHandler(MyServerHandleDemo1)

          实现了IoHandler接口。

    View Code 
    
    package com.mai.mina.diyChat;
    
    import java.text.DateFormat;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.Collection;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.logging.Logger;
    
    import org.apache.mina.core.future.CloseFuture;
    import org.apache.mina.core.future.IoFuture;
    import org.apache.mina.core.future.IoFutureListener;
    import org.apache.mina.core.service.IoHandler;
    import org.apache.mina.core.session.IdleStatus;
    import org.apache.mina.core.session.IoSession;
    
    
    public class MyServerHandleDemo1 implements IoHandler{
    
        private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName());
        
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(IoSession session, Throwable arg1)
                throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            logger.warning("服务器启动发生异常,have a exception : " + arg1.getMessage());
        }
    
        @Override
        public void messageReceived(IoSession session, Object message) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            String messageStr = message.toString();
            DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd H:m:s");
            String dateStr = format.format(new Date());
            
            logger.info(messageStr + "\t" + dateStr);
            
            Collection<IoSession> sessions = session.getService().getManagedSessions().values();
            for(IoSession tempSession : sessions){
                tempSession.write(messageStr + "\t" + dateStr);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void messageSent(IoSession session, Object message) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            logger.info("服务器成功发送信息: " + message.toString());
        }
    
        @Override
        public void sessionClosed(IoSession session) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            logger.info("there is a session closed");
            CloseFuture future = session.close(true);
            future.addListener(new IoFutureListener(){
                public void operationComplete(IoFuture future){
                    if(future instanceof CloseFuture){
                        ((CloseFuture)future).setClosed();
                        logger.info("have do the future set to closed");
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    
        @Override
        public void sessionCreated(IoSession session) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            logger.info("there is a session created");
            session.write("welcome to the chat room");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void sessionIdle(IoSession session, IdleStatus arg1) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            logger.info(session.getId() + "(SesssionID) is idle in the satate-->" + arg1);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void sessionOpened(IoSession arg0) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            
        }
    
        
    }

    2).建立Acceptor ,同时也充当Server端的启动类 (SimpleMinaServer)

    package com.mai.mina.diyChat;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.nio.charset.Charset;
    
    import org.apache.mina.core.session.IdleStatus;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.ProtocolCodecFilter;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.textline.LineDelimiter;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.textline.TextLineCodecFactory;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.logging.LogLevel;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.logging.LoggingFilter;
    import org.apache.mina.transport.socket.SocketAcceptor;
    import org.apache.mina.transport.socket.nio.NioSocketAcceptor;
    
    public class SimpleMinaServer {
        
        SocketAcceptor acceptor = null;
        
        SimpleMinaServer(){
            acceptor = new NioSocketAcceptor();
        }
        
        public boolean bind(){
            acceptor.getFilterChain().addLast("codec", new ProtocolCodecFilter(
                    new MyTextLineCodecFactory()); //配置CodecFactory
            LoggingFilter log = new LoggingFilter();
            log.setMessageReceivedLogLevel(LogLevel.INFO);
            acceptor.getFilterChain().addLast("logger", log);
            acceptor.setHandler(new MyServerHandleDemo1());  //配置handler
            acceptor.getSessionConfig().setIdleTime(IdleStatus.BOTH_IDLE, 30);
            
            try {
                acceptor.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8888));
                return true;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
                return false;
            }
            
        }
        
        public static void main(String args[]){
            SimpleMinaServer server = new SimpleMinaServer();
            if(!server.bind()){
                System.out.println("服务器启动失败");
            }else{
                System.out.println("服务器启动成功");
            }
        }
    
    }

    2.2.3 建立Client端资源:

        1)自定义IoHandler(MyClientHandleDemo1)

          实现IoHandler接口

    View Code 
    
    package com.mai.mina.diyChat;
    
    import java.util.logging.Logger;
    
    import org.apache.mina.core.service.IoHandlerAdapter;
    import org.apache.mina.core.session.IoSession;
    
    public class MyClientHandleDemo1 extends IoHandlerAdapter{
        private ChatPanel messagePanel = null;
        private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName());
    
        MyClientHandleDemo1(){
            
        }
        
        MyClientHandleDemo1(ChatPanel messagePanel){
            this.messagePanel = messagePanel;
        }
        
        
        public void messageReceived(IoSession session, Object message) throws Exception {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            String messageStr = message.toString();
            logger.info("receive a message is : " + messageStr);
            
            if(messagePanel != null)
            messagePanel.showMsg(messageStr);
        }
        
        public void messageSent(IoSession session , Object message) throws Exception{
            logger.info("客户端发了一个信息:" + message.toString());
        }
        
    }

    2) 建立Connector  (SimpleMinaClient)
    View Code 
    
    package com.mai.mina.diyChat;
    
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.nio.charset.Charset;
    
    import org.apache.mina.core.future.CloseFuture;
    import org.apache.mina.core.future.ConnectFuture;
    import org.apache.mina.core.session.IoSession;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.ProtocolCodecFilter;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.textline.LineDelimiter;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.codec.textline.TextLineCodecFactory;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.logging.LogLevel;
    import org.apache.mina.filter.logging.LoggingFilter;
    import org.apache.mina.transport.socket.SocketConnector;
    import org.apache.mina.transport.socket.nio.NioSocketConnector;
    
    public class SimpleMinaClient {
    
        public SocketConnector connector = null;
        public ConnectFuture future;
        public IoSession session = null;
        private ChatPanel messagePanel = null;
        
        SimpleMinaClient(){
            
        }
        
        SimpleMinaClient(ChatPanel messagePanel){
            this.messagePanel = messagePanel;
        }
        
        
        boolean connect(){
            try{
                connector = new NioSocketConnector();
                connector.setConnectTimeoutMillis(3000);
                connector.getFilterChain().addLast("codec", new ProtocolCodecFilter(
                    new MyTextLineCodecFactory());
                LoggingFilter log = new LoggingFilter();
                log.setMessageReceivedLogLevel(LogLevel.INFO);
                connector.getFilterChain().addLast("logger", log);
                connector.setHandler(new MyClientHandleDemo1(messagePanel));
                
                future = connector.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1" , 8888));
                future.awaitUninterruptibly();
                session = future.getSession();
                return true;
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
                return false;
            }
            
        }
        
        
        public void setAttribute(Object key , Object value){
            session.setAttribute(key, value);
        }
        
        
        void sentMsg(String message){
            session.write(message);
        }
        
        
        boolean close(){
            CloseFuture future = session.getCloseFuture();
            future.awaitUninterruptibly(1000);
            connector.dispose();
            return true;
        }
        
        public SocketConnector getConnector() {
            return connector;
        }
    
    
        public IoSession getSession() {
            return session;
        }
    
    
        /**
         * @param args
         */
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            SimpleMinaClient client = new SimpleMinaClient();
            if(client.connect()){
                client.sentMsg("hello , sever !");
                client.close();
            }
            
        }
    
    }

    到这里,基本的Mina通信基础就建立好了。

      接下来实现一个客户端的GUI界面,方便实际功能的建立和信息交互的演示。

     

      2.2.4 Client Gui界面的建立。(ChatPanel -通过使用SimpleMinaClient来提供实际通信功能)

    View Code 
    
    package com.mai.mina.diyChat;
    import java.awt.BorderLayout;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
    import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
    
    import javax.swing.JButton;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JLabel;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
    import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
    import javax.swing.JTextArea;
    import javax.swing.JTextField;
    
    import org.apache.commons.lang.math.RandomUtils;
    
    public class ChatPanel extends javax.swing.JPanel {
        private JPanel northPanel;
        private JLabel headLabel;
        private JScrollPane jScrollPane1;
        private JScrollPane jScrollPane2;
        private JButton exitB;
        private JButton clearMsgB;
        private JButton sentB;
        private JButton connectB;
        private JTextArea messageText;
        private JTextField nameText;
        private JLabel nameLabel;
        private JTextArea messageArea;
        private JPanel southPanel;
        private SimpleMinaClient client = null;
        private boolean connected = false;
        private String username = null;
    
        {
            //Set Look & Feel
            try {
                javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel("com.sun.java.swing.plaf.windows.WindowsLookAndFeel");
            } catch(Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        public void connect(){
            if(client.connect()){
                username = nameText.getText().trim();
                if(username == null || "".equals(username)){
                    username = "游客" + RandomUtils.nextInt(1000);
                    nameText.setText(username);
                }
                connected = true;
                dealUIWithFlag();
            }else{
                connected = false;   
                dealUIWithFlag();
                showMsg("连接服务器失败。。。");
            }
        }
        
        
        public void showMsg(String msg){
            messageArea.append(msg);
            messageArea.append("\n");
            messageArea.selectAll();
            messageArea.lostFocus(null, this);
        }
        
        
        public void sentMsg(){
            String message = username + ":" + messageText.getText();
            client.sentMsg(message);
            messageText.setText("");
            messageText.requestFocus();
        }
        
        public void dealUIWithFlag(){
            if(connected){
                nameText.setEnabled(false);
                connectB.setEnabled(false);
                sentB.setEnabled(true);
                clearMsgB.setEnabled(true);
                exitB.setEnabled(true);
            }else{
                nameText.setEnabled(true);
                connectB.setEnabled(true);
                sentB.setEnabled(false);
                clearMsgB.setEnabled(false);
                exitB.setEnabled(false);
            }
        }
        
        
        public void closeTheClient(){
            if(client.close()){
                showMsg("连接已断开...");
                connected = false;
                dealUIWithFlag();
            }else{
                showMsg("无法断开连接...");
            }
        }
        
    
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            JFrame frame = new JFrame();
            frame.getContentPane().add(new ChatPanel());
            frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
                public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
                    System.exit(0);
                }
            });
            frame.pack();
            frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
        
        public ChatPanel() {
            super();
            client = new SimpleMinaClient(this);
            initGUI();
            dealUIWithFlag();
        }
        
        private void initGUI() {
            try {
                this.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(400, 339));
                this.setLayout(null);
                {
                    northPanel = new JPanel();
                    BorderLayout northPanelLayout = new BorderLayout();
                    northPanel.setLayout(northPanelLayout);
                    this.add(northPanel);
                    northPanel.setBounds(0, 0, 400, 188);
                    {
                        headLabel = new JLabel();
                        northPanel.add(headLabel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
                        headLabel.setText("\u6b22\u8fce\u4f7f\u7528 (\u6d4b\u8bd5Ip:port --> 127.0.0.1:8888)");
                        headLabel.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(397, 19));
                    }
                    {
                        jScrollPane1 = new JScrollPane();
                        northPanel.add(jScrollPane1, BorderLayout.CENTER);
                        jScrollPane1.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(400, 169));
                        {
                            messageArea = new JTextArea();
                            jScrollPane1.setViewportView(messageArea);
                            messageArea.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(398, 145));
                            messageArea.setEditable(false);
                            messageArea.setLineWrap(true);
                            messageArea.setWrapStyleWord(true);
                        }
                    }
                }
                {
                    southPanel = new JPanel();
                    this.add(southPanel);
                    southPanel.setBounds(0, 194, 400, 145);
                    southPanel.setLayout(null);
                    {
                        nameLabel = new JLabel();
                        southPanel.add(nameLabel);
                        nameLabel.setText("\u6635\u79f0:");
                        nameLabel.setBounds(10, 12, 35, 15);
                    }
                    {
                        nameText = new JTextField();
                        southPanel.add(nameText);
                        nameText.setText("\u6e38\u5ba2");
                        nameText.setBounds(45, 9, 96, 21);
                    }
                    {  
                        jScrollPane2 = new JScrollPane();
                        southPanel.add(jScrollPane2);
                        jScrollPane2.setBounds(15, 37, 364, 69);
                        {
                            messageText = new JTextArea();
                            jScrollPane2.setViewportView(messageText);
                            messageText.setBounds(101, 72, 362, 75);
                            messageText.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(362, 54));
                            messageText.setLineWrap(true);
                            messageText.setWrapStyleWord(true);
                        }
                    }
                    {
                        connectB = new JButton();
                        southPanel.add(connectB);
                        connectB.setText("\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668");
                        connectB.setBounds(179, 8, 93, 23);
                        connectB.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                                System.out.println("connectB.actionPerformed, event="+evt);
                                //TODO add your code for connectB.actionPerformed
                                connect();
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    {
                        sentB = new JButton();
                        southPanel.add(sentB);
                        sentB.setText("\u53d1\u9001");
                        sentB.setBounds(261, 116, 57, 23);
                        sentB.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                                System.out.println("sentB.actionPerformed, event="+evt);
                                //TODO add your code for sentB.actionPerformed
                                sentMsg();
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    {
                        clearMsgB = new JButton();
                        southPanel.add(clearMsgB);
                        clearMsgB.setText("\u6e05\u7a7a");
                        clearMsgB.setBounds(324, 116, 57, 23);
                        clearMsgB.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                                System.out.println("clearMsgB.actionPerformed, event="+evt);
                                //TODO add your code for clearMsgB.actionPerformed
                                messageText.setText("");
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    {
                        exitB = new JButton();
                        southPanel.add(exitB);
                        exitB.setText("\u6ce8\u9500");
                        exitB.setBounds(282, 8, 57, 23);
                        exitB.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                                System.out.println("exitB.actionPerformed, event="+evt);
                                //TODO add your code for exitB.actionPerformed
                                closeTheClient();
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } 
        }
    
    }

    3. 运行结果

      首先启动服务器端,即运行SimpleMinaServer类 , 启动成功时会在控制台中打印出“服务器启动成功"

      接下来运行客户端ChatPanel。



    note: 上面只是一个简单的信息交互,其实使用Mina比较常用的还是在自定义协议处理这块。

        所以,比较应该注重学习的是Filter这块。有时间大家可以去看看源码。


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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowangba/p/6314456.html
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