05.一大波Model操作

01.基本操作

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from app01 import models

def orm(request):
    # 1 创建
    # 创建数据方法一
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='root', password='123')
    # 创建数据方法二
    obj = models.UserInfo(username='alex', password='123')
    obj.save()
    # 创建数据库方法三(传入字典必须在字典前加两个星号)
    dic = {'username': 'eric', 'password': '666'}
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)

    # 2 查
    result = models.UserInfo.objects.all()  # 查找所有条目
    result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='alex', password='123')
    for row in result:
        print(row.id, row.username, row.password)

    # 3 删除
    models.UserInfo.objects.all().delete()  # 删除所有
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='alex').delete()  # 删除指定

    # 4 更新
    models.UserInfo.objects.all().update(password='12345')
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=4).update(password='15')

    # 5 获取个数
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='seven').count()

    # 6 执行原生SQL
    # 6.1 执行原生SQL
    models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select * from userinfo')

    # 6.2 如果SQL是其他表时，必须将名字设置为当前UserInfo对象的主键列名
    models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select id as nid from 其他表')

    # 6.3 指定数据库
    models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select * from userinfo', using="default")

    return HttpResponse('orm')

02.进阶操作

• 进阶操作：牛掰掰的双下划线

1、大于，小于
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gt=1)                 # 获取id大于1的值
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gte=1)                # 获取id大于等于1的值
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10)                # 获取id小于10的值
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lte=10)               # 获取id小于10的值
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10, id__gt=1)      # 获取id大于1 且 小于10的值
2、in
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__in=[11, 22, 33])      # 获取id等于11、22、33的数据
        # models.Tb1.objects.exclude(id__in=[11, 22, 33])     # not in
3、isnull
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__isnull=True)         #双下划线isnull，查找pub_date是null的数据
4、contains                                                    #就是原生sql的like操作:模糊匹配
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__contains="ven")
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__icontains="ven")    # icontains大小写不敏感
        # models.Tb1.objects.exclude(name__icontains="ven")
5、range
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 2])          # 范围bettwen and
6、order by
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('id')      # asc     没有减号升续排列
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name='seven').order_by('-id')     # desc      有减号升续排列
7、group by
        # from django.db.models import Count, Min, Max, Sum
        # models.Tb1.objects.filter(c1=1).values('id').annotate(c=Count('num'))        #根据id列进行分组
        # SELECT "app01_tb1"."id", COUNT("app01_tb1"."num") AS "c" FROM "app01_tb1" 
        # WHERE "app01_tb1"."c1" = 1 GROUP BY "app01_tb1"."id"
8、limit 、offset    #分页
        # models.Tb1.objects.all()[10:20]
9、regex正则匹配，iregex 不区分大小写
        # Entry.objects.get(title__regex=r'^(An?|The) +')
        # Entry.objects.get(title__iregex=r'^(an?|the) +')

        
10、date
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1))          #__data表示日期查找，2005-01-01
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date__gt=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1))
11、year
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2005)                               #__year根据年查找
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year__gte=2005)
12、month
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month=12)
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month__gte=6)
13、day
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day=3)
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day__gte=3)
14、week_day
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=2)
        # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day__gte=2)
15、hour
        # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour=23)
        # Event.objects.filter(time__hour=5)
        # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour__gte=12)
16、minute
        # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute=29)
        # Event.objects.filter(time__minute=46)
        # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute__gte=29)
17、second
        # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second=31)
        # Event.objects.filter(time__second=2)
        # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second__gte=31)

03.时间过滤

• 根据天/小时进行过滤

from django.utils import timezone
from report.models import *

now = timezone.now()
# start_time = now - timezone.timedelta(days=7)
start_time = now - timezone.timedelta(hours=240)  # 查询10天前的数据
end_time = now

qs = AllClarm.objects.filter(start_tm__range=(start_time, end_time))