1先备份数据表:
create table NEW_TABLE_NAME AS SELECT * FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE 1=1;
2清空原表内数据
TRUNCATE TABLE TABLE_NAME;
3变更数据类型
alter table TABLE_NAME modify column_a long;
alter table TABLE_NAME modify column_a clob;
4将备份中的数据插入回来
insert into TABLE_NAME select * from NEW_TABLE_NAME;