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  • shell:判断某个变量是否包含字符串/变量的方法

    尝试了有3种方法:

    1.使用“=~”符号,注意前后必须要有空格!

    ** 可以输出正确结果,被匹配的字符串必须要有引号括起来!**

    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a1='hello.world'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a2='helloworld'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ b='.'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a1} =~ '.' ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a2} =~ '.' ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a1} =~ "." ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a2} =~ "." ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a1} =~ "${b}" ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a2} =~ "${b}" ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    

    ** 不能输出正确结果 **

    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a1='hello.world'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a2='helloworld'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ b='.'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a1} =~ . ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a2} =~ . ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a1} =~ ${b} ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a2} =~ ${b} ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a1} =~ '${b}' ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a2} =~ '${b}' ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    

    2.使用”==“加通配符wildcard,注意等号前后必须有空格,注意,通配符跟正则表达式有所区别,*表示匹配 0 或多个字符

    ** 可以输出正确结果 **

    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a1='hello.world'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a2='helloworld'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a1} == *.* ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a2} == *.* ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    

    ** 不能输出正确结果 ,通配符不能用括号括起来!**

    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a1='hello.world'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a2='helloworld'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a2} == "*.*" ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a1} == "*.*" ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a1} == '*.*' ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if [[ ${a2} == '*.*' ]];then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    

    3.使用echo + grep -q 选项

    ** 使用这种方法时匹配是否有"."会不正常,所以我们换成匹配普通字符,有没有括号都可以 **

    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a1='hello.world'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a2='helloworld'
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ a3="helloworlda"
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if ( echo ${a1} |grep -q a );then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if ( echo ${a2} |grep -q a );then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if ( echo ${a3} |grep -q a );then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if ( echo ${a1} |grep -q 'a' );then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if ( echo ${a2} |grep -q 'a' );then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if ( echo ${a3} |grep -q 'a' );then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if ( echo ${a1} |grep -q "a" );then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if ( echo ${a2} |grep -q "a" );then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    no
    [clouder@ana53 bin]$ if ( echo ${a3} |grep -q "a" );then echo "yes";else echo "no";fi
    yes
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaozhuangAna/p/9726670.html
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