Android入门：封装一个HTTP请求的辅助类

前面的文章中，我们曾经实现了一个HTTP的GET 和 POST 请求；

此处我封装了一个HTTP的get和post的辅助类，能够更好的使用；

类名：HttpRequestUtil

提供了如下功能：

(1)模拟GET请求；

(2)模拟POST请求；

(3)模拟文件上传请求；

(4)发送XML数据；

发送GET请求

(1) public static URLConnection sendGetRequest(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)

参数：

(1)url：单纯的URL，不带任何参数；

(2)params：参数；

(3)headers：需要设置的HTTP请求头；

返回：

HttpURLConnection

发送POST请求

(2)public static URLConnection sendPostRequest(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)

参数：

(1)url：单纯的URL，不带任何参数；

(2)params：参数；

(3)headers：需要设置的HTTP请求头；

返回：

HttpURLConnection

文件上传

(3)public static boolean uploadFiles(String url, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files)

参数：

(1)url：单纯URL

(2)params：参数；

(3)files：多个文件

返回：是否上传成功

(4)public static boolean uploadFile(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file)

参数：

(1)url：单纯URL

(2)params：参数；

(3)file：一个文件

返回：是否上传成功

发送XML数据

(5)public static byte[] postXml(String url, String xml, String encoding)

参数：

(1)url：单纯URL

(2)xml：XML数据

(3)XML数据编码

对于上传文件，FormFile的构造函数声明如下：

(1)public FormFile(String filname, byte[] data, String parameterName, String contentType)

参数：

(1)filname：文件的名称

(2)data：文件的数据

(3)parameterName：HTML的文件上传控件的参数的名字

(4)contentType：文件类型，比如text/plain为txt

(2)public FormFile(String filname, File file, String parameterName, String contentType)

参数：

(1)filname：文件的名称

(2)file：文件名

(3)parameterName：HTML的文件上传控件的参数的名字

(4)contentType：文件类型，比如text/plain为txt

FormFile.java

package com.xiazdong.netword.http.util;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * 上传文件
 */
public class FormFile {
	/* 上传文件的数据 */
	private byte[] data;
	private InputStream inStream;
	private File file;
	/* 文件名称 */
	private String filname;
	/* 请求参数名称*/
	private String parameterName;
	/* 内容类型 */
	private String contentType = "application/octet-stream";
	
	/**
	 * 此函数用来传输小文件
	 * @param filname
	 * @param data
	 * @param parameterName
	 * @param contentType
	 */
	public FormFile(String filname, byte[] data, String parameterName, String contentType) {
		this.data = data;
		this.filname = filname;
		this.parameterName = parameterName;
		if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;
	}
	/**
	 * 此函数用来传输大文件
	 * @param filname
	 * @param file
	 * @param parameterName
	 * @param contentType
	 */
	public FormFile(String filname, File file, String parameterName, String contentType) {
		this.filname = filname;
		this.parameterName = parameterName;
		this.file = file;
		try {
			this.inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;
	}
	
	public File getFile() {
		return file;
	}

	public InputStream getInStream() {
		return inStream;
	}

	public byte[] getData() {
		return data;
	}

	public String getFilname() {
		return filname;
	}

	public void setFilname(String filname) {
		this.filname = filname;
	}

	public String getParameterName() {
		return parameterName;
	}

	public void setParameterName(String parameterName) {
		this.parameterName = parameterName;
	}

	public String getContentType() {
		return contentType;
	}

	public void setContentType(String contentType) {
		this.contentType = contentType;
	}
	
}

HttpRequestUtil.java

package com.xiazdong.netword.http.util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

/*
 * 此类用来发送HTTP请求
 * */
public class HttpRequestUtil {
	/**
	 * 发送GET请求
	 * @param url
	 * @param params
	 * @param headers
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static URLConnection sendGetRequest(String url,
			Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)
			throws Exception {
		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(url);
		Set<Entry<String, String>> entrys = null;
		// 如果是GET请求，则请求参数在URL中
		if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
			buf.append("?");
			entrys = params.entrySet();
			for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {
				buf.append(entry.getKey()).append("=")
						.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"))
						.append("&");
			}
			buf.deleteCharAt(buf.length() - 1);
		}
		URL url1 = new URL(buf.toString());
		HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url1.openConnection();
		conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
		// 设置请求头
		if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
			entrys = headers.entrySet();
			for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {
				conn.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
			}
		}
		conn.getResponseCode();
		return conn;
	}
	/**
	 * 发送POST请求
	 * @param url	
	 * @param params
	 * @param headers
	 * @return 
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static URLConnection sendPostRequest(String url,
			Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)
			throws Exception {
		StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
		Set<Entry<String, String>> entrys = null;
		// 如果存在参数，则放在HTTP请求体，形如name=aaa&age=10
		if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {
			entrys = params.entrySet();
			for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {
				buf.append(entry.getKey()).append("=")
						.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"))
						.append("&");
			}
			buf.deleteCharAt(buf.length() - 1);
		}
		URL url1 = new URL(url);
		HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url1.openConnection();
		conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
		conn.setDoOutput(true);
		OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
		out.write(buf.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
		if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {
			entrys = headers.entrySet();
			for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {
				conn.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
			}
		}
		conn.getResponseCode(); // 为了发送成功
		return conn;
	}
	/**
	 * 直接通过HTTP协议提交数据到服务器,实现如下面表单提交功能:
	 *   <FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://192.168.0.200:8080/ssi/fileload/test.do" enctype="multipart/form-data">
			<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name">
			<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="id">
			<input type="file" name="imagefile"/>
		    <input type="file" name="zip"/>
		 </FORM>
	 * @param path 上传路径(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试，因为它会指向手机模拟器，你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试)
	 * @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值
	 * @param file 上传文件
	 */
	public static boolean uploadFiles(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files) throws Exception{     
        final String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------7da2137580612"; //数据分隔线
        final String endline = "--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n";//数据结束标志
        
        int fileDataLength = 0;
        if(files!=null&&files.length!=0){
	        for(FormFile uploadFile : files){//得到文件类型数据的总长度
	        	StringBuilder fileExplain = new StringBuilder();
	 	        fileExplain.append("--");
	 	        fileExplain.append(BOUNDARY);
	 	        fileExplain.append("\r\n");
	 	        fileExplain.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n");
	 	        fileExplain.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n");
	 	        fileExplain.append("\r\n");
	 	        fileDataLength += fileExplain.length();
	        	if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){
	        		fileDataLength += uploadFile.getFile().length();
		 	    }else{
		 	    	fileDataLength += uploadFile.getData().length;
		 	    }
	        }
        }
        StringBuilder textEntity = new StringBuilder();
        if(params!=null&&!params.isEmpty()){
	        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {//构造文本类型参数的实体数据
	            textEntity.append("--");
	            textEntity.append(BOUNDARY);
	            textEntity.append("\r\n");
	            textEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\""+ entry.getKey() + "\"\r\n\r\n");
	            textEntity.append(entry.getValue());
	            textEntity.append("\r\n");
	        }
        }
        //计算传输给服务器的实体数据总长度
        int dataLength = textEntity.toString().getBytes().length + fileDataLength +  endline.getBytes().length;
        
        URL url = new URL(path);
        int port = url.getPort()==-1 ? 80 : url.getPort();
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName(url.getHost()), port);	       
        OutputStream outStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        //下面完成HTTP请求头的发送
        String requestmethod = "POST "+ url.getPath()+" HTTP/1.1\r\n";
        outStream.write(requestmethod.getBytes());
        String accept = "Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*\r\n";
        outStream.write(accept.getBytes());
        String language = "Accept-Language: zh-CN\r\n";
        outStream.write(language.getBytes());
        String contenttype = "Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="+ BOUNDARY+ "\r\n";
        outStream.write(contenttype.getBytes());
        String contentlength = "Content-Length: "+ dataLength + "\r\n";
        outStream.write(contentlength.getBytes());
        String alive = "Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n";
        outStream.write(alive.getBytes());
        String host = "Host: "+ url.getHost() +":"+ port +"\r\n";
        outStream.write(host.getBytes());
        //写完HTTP请求头后根据HTTP协议再写一个回车换行
        outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes());
        //把所有文本类型的实体数据发送出来
        outStream.write(textEntity.toString().getBytes());	       
        //把所有文件类型的实体数据发送出来
        if(files!=null&&files.length!=0){
	        for(FormFile uploadFile : files){
	        	StringBuilder fileEntity = new StringBuilder();
	 	        fileEntity.append("--");
	 	        fileEntity.append(BOUNDARY);
	 	        fileEntity.append("\r\n");
	 	        fileEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n");
	 	        fileEntity.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n");
	 	        outStream.write(fileEntity.toString().getBytes());
	 	        if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){
	 	        	byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
	 	        	int len = 0;
	 	        	while((len = uploadFile.getInStream().read(buffer, 0, 1024))!=-1){
	 	        		outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
	 	        	}
	 	        	uploadFile.getInStream().close();
	 	        }else{
	 	        	outStream.write(uploadFile.getData(), 0, uploadFile.getData().length);
	 	        }
	 	        outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes());
	        }
        }
        //下面发送数据结束标志，表示数据已经结束
        outStream.write(endline.getBytes());
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
        if(reader.readLine().indexOf("200")==-1){//读取web服务器返回的数据，判断请求码是否为200，如果不是200，代表请求失败
        	return false;
        }
        outStream.flush();
        outStream.close();
        reader.close();
        socket.close();
        return true;
	}
	/**
	 * 提交数据到服务器
	 * @param path 上传路径(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试，因为它会指向手机模拟器，你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试)
	 * @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值
	 * @param file 上传文件
	 */
	public static boolean uploadFile(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file) throws Exception{
	   return uploadFiles(path, params, new FormFile[]{file});
	}
	/**
	 * 将输入流转为字节数组
	 * @param inStream
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] read2Byte(InputStream inStream)throws Exception{
		ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while( (len = inStream.read(buffer)) !=-1 ){
			outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
		}
		outSteam.close();
		inStream.close();
		return outSteam.toByteArray();
	}
	/**
	 * 将输入流转为字符串
	 * @param inStream
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String read2String(InputStream inStream)throws Exception{
		ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while( (len = inStream.read(buffer)) !=-1 ){
			outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
		}
		outSteam.close();
		inStream.close();
		return new String(outSteam.toByteArray(),"UTF-8");
	}
	/**
	 * 发送xml数据
	 * @param path 请求地址
	 * @param xml xml数据
	 * @param encoding 编码
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] postXml(String path, String xml, String encoding) throws Exception{
		byte[] data = xml.getBytes(encoding);
		URL url = new URL(path);
		HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
		conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
		conn.setDoOutput(true);
		conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset="+ encoding);
		conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
		conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
		OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream();
		outStream.write(data);
		outStream.flush();
		outStream.close();
		if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){
			return read2Byte(conn.getInputStream());
		}
		return null;
	}
	//测试函数
	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
		Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
		params.put("name", "xiazdong");
		params.put("age", "10");
		HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) HttpRequestUtil
				.sendGetRequest(
						"http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/PrintServlet",
						params, null);
		int code = conn.getResponseCode();
		InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
		byte[]data = read2Byte(in);
	}
}

测试代码：

Map<String,String> params = new HashMap<String,String>();
params.put("name", name.getText().toString());
params.put("age", age.getText().toString());
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) HttpRequestUtil.sendGetRequest("http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/PrintServlet", params, null);

文件上传测试代码：

FormFile formFile = new FormFile(file.getName(), file, "document", "text/plain");
boolean isSuccess = HttpRequestUtil.uploadFile("http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/FileServlet", null, formFile);

简单了很多，对吧？