C# 访问USB(HID)设备

二话不说，直接给代码，如果您真想做这方面的东西，还是稍微研究下，没有现成的好类用，就需要自己了解其原理

//引用空间

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

using System.Threading;

using System.Collections;

using System.IO;

 //以下是调用windows的API的函数

        //获得GUID

        [DllImport("hid.dll")]

        public static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid(ref Guid HidGuid);

        Guid guidHID = Guid.Empty;

        //过滤设备，获取需要的设备

        [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]

        public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid ClassGuid, uint Enumerator, IntPtr HwndParent, DIGCF Flags);

        IntPtr hDevInfo;

        //获取设备，true获取到

        [DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]

        public static extern Boolean SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(IntPtr hDevInfo, IntPtr devInfo, ref Guid interfaceClassGuid, UInt32 memberIndex, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData);

        public struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA

        {

            public int cbSize ;

            public Guid interfaceClassGuid;

            public int flags;

            public int reserved;

        }



        // 获取接口的详细信息 必须调用两次 第1次返回长度 第2次获取数据 

        [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

        private static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(IntPtr deviceInfoSet, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData, IntPtr deviceInterfaceDetailData,

            int deviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, ref int requiredSize, SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfoData);

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

        public class SP_DEVINFO_DATA

        {

            public int cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));

            public Guid classGuid = Guid.Empty; // temp

            public int devInst = 0; // dumy

            public int reserved = 0;

        }



        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 2)]

        internal struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA

        {

            internal int cbSize;

            internal short devicePath;

        }



        public enum DIGCF

        {

            DIGCF_DEFAULT = 0x1,

            DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x2,

            DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = 0x4,

            DIGCF_PROFILE = 0x8,

            DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x10

        }



        //获取设备文件

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]

        private static extern int CreateFile(

            string lpFileName,                            // file name

            uint dwDesiredAccess,                        // access mode

            uint dwShareMode,                            // share mode

            uint lpSecurityAttributes,                    // SD

            uint dwCreationDisposition,                    // how to create

            uint dwFlagsAndAttributes,                    // file attributes

            uint hTemplateFile                            // handle to template file

            );

        //读取设备文件

        [DllImport("Kernel32.dll",SetLastError = true)]

        private static extern bool ReadFile

            (

                IntPtr hFile,

                byte[] lpBuffer,

                uint nNumberOfBytesToRead,

                ref uint lpNumberOfBytesRead,

                IntPtr lpOverlapped

            );



        //释放设备

        [DllImport("hid.dll")]

        static public extern bool HidD_FreePreparsedData(ref IntPtr PreparsedData);

        //关闭访问设备句柄，结束进程的时候把这个加上保险点

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]

        static public extern int CloseHandle(int hObject);

接下来是访问设备的代码

//代码暂时没有整理，传入参数是设备序号,

//有些USB设备其实有很多HID设备，就是一个接口上有几个设备，这个时候需要

//用index++来逐个循环，直到获取设备返回false后，跳出去，把获取的设备

//路径全记录下来就好了，我这里知道具体设备号，所以没有循环，浪费我时间



         //定于句柄序号和一些参数，具体可以去网上找这些API的参数说明，后文我看能不能把资料也写上去

         int HidHandle = -1;

        public const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;

        public const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;

        public const uint FILE_SHARE_READ= 0x00000001;

        public const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;

        public const int OPEN_EXISTING = 3;



private void UsBMethod(int index)

        {

            HidD_GetHidGuid(ref guidHID);

            hDevInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref guidHID, 0, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF.DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF.DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);

            int bufferSize = 0;

            ArrayList HIDUSBAddress = new ArrayList();



            //while (true)

            //{

            //获取设备，true获取到

             SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA();

            DeviceInterfaceData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(DeviceInterfaceData);

            //for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

            //{

                bool result = SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hDevInfo, IntPtr.Zero, ref guidHID, (UInt32)index, ref DeviceInterfaceData);

            //}

            //第一次调用出错，但可以返回正确的Size 

            SP_DEVINFO_DATA strtInterfaceData = new SP_DEVINFO_DATA();

            result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);

            //第二次调用传递返回值，调用即可成功

            IntPtr detailDataBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(bufferSize);

            SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA detailData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA();

            detailData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA));

            Marshal.StructureToPtr(detailData, detailDataBuffer, false);

            result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, detailDataBuffer, bufferSize, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);

            if (result == false)

            {

                //break;

            }

            //获取设备路径访

              IntPtr pdevicePathName = (IntPtr)((int)detailDataBuffer + 4);

            string devicePathName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(pdevicePathName);

            HIDUSBAddress.Add(devicePathName);

            //index++;

            //break;

            //}



            //连接设备文件

            int aa = CT_CreateFile(devicePathName);

            bool bb = USBDataRead(HidHandle);

        }



       //建立和设备的连接

       public unsafe int CT_CreateFile(string DeviceName)

        {

            HidHandle = CreateFile(

                DeviceName,

                GENERIC_READ,// | GENERIC_WRITE,//读写，或者一起

                FILE_SHARE_READ,// | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,//共享读写，或者一起

                0,

                OPEN_EXISTING,

                0,

                0);

            if (HidHandle == -1)

            {

                return 0;

            }

            else

            {

                return 1;

            }

        }

        

        //根据CreateFile拿到的设备handle访问文件，并返回数据

        public unsafe bool USBDataRead(int handle)

        {

            while (true)

            {

                uint read = 0;

                //注意字节的长度，我这里写的是8位，其实可以通过API获取具体的长度，这样安全点，

                  //具体方法我知道，但是没有写，过几天整理完代码，一起给出来

                Byte[] m_rd_data = new Byte[8];

                bool isread = ReadFile((IntPtr)handle, m_rd_data, (uint)8, ref read, IntPtr.Zero);

                //这里已经是拿到的数据了

                Byte[] m_rd_dataout = new Byte[read];

                Array.Copy(m_rd_data, m_rd_dataout, read);

            }

        }

OK，如果只是获取USB传过来的数据，这里已经足够了，但是有点要注意，2000和XP如果要获取HID键盘和鼠标的数据，readfile是不行的，；
在Win2000和WinXP下不能用CreateFile+ReadFile/WriteFile的方式来读写标准鼠标和标准键盘的数据，因为它们是系统独占的（Exlusive）。
如果你是其他HID类设备，比如游戏手柄或者自定义HID设备，都可以用上面的方式来收发数据，
怎么访问我暂时也不知道，估计要用它方法，看到有些软件是用截取的手段，估计是用钩子了吧。。

还有获取报文长度的代码，如果不确定报文长度，或者为了驱动适应变化，就用一下代码来确定报文的长度

//获取设备具体信息   

        [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]   

        private unsafe static extern int HidP_GetCaps(   

            int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA,                    // IN PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA  PreparsedData,   

            ref HIDP_CAPS myPHIDP_CAPS);                // OUT PHIDP_CAPS  Capabilities   

  

        [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]   

        private unsafe static extern int HidD_GetPreparsedData(   

            int hObject,                                // IN HANDLE  HidDeviceObject,   

            ref int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA);           

  

        // HIDP_CAPS   

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]   

        public unsafe struct HIDP_CAPS   

        {   

            public System.UInt16 Usage;                    // USHORT   

            public System.UInt16 UsagePage;                // USHORT   

            public System.UInt16 InputReportByteLength;   

            public System.UInt16 OutputReportByteLength;   

            public System.UInt16 FeatureReportByteLength;   

            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 17)]   

            public System.UInt16[] Reserved;                // USHORT  Reserved[17];               

            public System.UInt16 NumberLinkCollectionNodes;   

            public System.UInt16 NumberInputButtonCaps;   

            public System.UInt16 NumberInputValueCaps;   

            public System.UInt16 NumberInputDataIndices;   

            public System.UInt16 NumberOutputButtonCaps;   

            public System.UInt16 NumberOutputValueCaps;   

            public System.UInt16 NumberOutputDataIndices;   

            public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureButtonCaps;   

            public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureValueCaps;   

            public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureDataIndices;   

        }   

  

 int reportLength = 8;   

  

            //获取设备发送的字节的长度(也有其他信息)   

            int myPtrToPreparsedData = -1;   

            int result1 = HidD_GetPreparsedData(handle, ref myPtrToPreparsedData);   

            HIDP_CAPS myHIDP_CAPS = new HIDP_CAPS();   

            int result2 = HidP_GetCaps(myPtrToPreparsedData, ref myHIDP_CAPS);   

            reportLength = myHIDP_CAPS.InputReportByteLength;  

再补充点，释放设备资源的时候需要用到

//释放设备的访问

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]

        internal static extern int CloseHandle(int hObject);

//释放设备

        [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]

        internal static extern IntPtr SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet);



public void Dispost()

        {

            //释放设备资源(hDevInfo是SetupDiGetClassDevs获取的)

            SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);

            //关闭连接(HidHandle是Create的时候获取的)

            CloseHandle(HidHandle);

        }

  ok 了.