验证码处理----模拟登陆---cookie的应用和处理

　　　　　　使用云打码平台识别验证码

相关的门户网站在进行登录的时候，如果用户连续登录的次数超过3次或者5次的时候，就会在登录页中动态生成验证码。通过验证码达到分流和反爬的效果。

云打码平台处理验证码的实现流程：

云打码平台处理验证码的实现流程：

- 1.对携带验证码的页面数据进行抓取
- 2.可以将页面数据中验证码进行解析，验证码图片下载到本地
- 3.可以将验证码图片提交给三方平台进行识别，返回验证码图片上的数据值
    - 云打码平台：
        - 1.在官网中进行注册（普通用户和开发者用户）
        - 2.登录开发者用户：
            - 1.实例代码的下载（开发文档-》调用实例及最新的DLL-》PythonHTTP实例下载）
            - 2.创建一个软件：我的软件-》添加新的软件
        -3.使用示例代码中的源码文件中的代码进行修改，让其识别验证码图片中的数据值

代码展示：　　

import http.client, mimetypes, urllib, json, time, requests



class YDMHttp:

    apiurl = 'http://api.yundama.com/api.php'
    username = ''
    password = ''
    appid = ''
    appkey = ''

    def __init__(self, username, password, appid, appkey):
        self.username = username  
        self.password = password
        self.appid = str(appid)
        self.appkey = appkey

    def request(self, fields, files=[]):
        response = self.post_url(self.apiurl, fields, files)
        response = json.loads(response)
        return response
    
    def balance(self):
        data = {'method': 'balance', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey}
        response = self.request(data)
        if (response):
            if (response['ret'] and response['ret'] < 0):
                return response['ret']
            else:
                return response['balance']
        else:
            return -9001
    
    def login(self):
        data = {'method': 'login', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey}
        response = self.request(data)
        if (response):
            if (response['ret'] and response['ret'] < 0):
                return response['ret']
            else:
                return response['uid']
        else:
            return -9001

    def upload(self, filename, codetype, timeout):
        data = {'method': 'upload', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey, 'codetype': str(codetype), 'timeout': str(timeout)}
        file = {'file': filename}
        response = self.request(data, file)
        if (response):
            if (response['ret'] and response['ret'] < 0):
                return response['ret']
            else:
                return response['cid']
        else:
            return -9001

    def result(self, cid):
        data = {'method': 'result', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey, 'cid': str(cid)}
        response = self.request(data)
        return response and response['text'] or ''

    def decode(self, filename, codetype, timeout):
        cid = self.upload(filename, codetype, timeout)
        if (cid > 0):
            for i in range(0, timeout):
                result = self.result(cid)
                if (result != ''):
                    return cid, result
                else:
                    time.sleep(1)
            return -3003, ''
        else:
            return cid, ''

    def report(self, cid):
        data = {'method': 'report', 'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'appid': self.appid, 'appkey': self.appkey, 'cid': str(cid), 'flag': '0'}
        response = self.request(data)
        if (response):
            return response['ret']
        else:
            return -9001

    def post_url(self, url, fields, files=[]):
        for key in files:
            files[key] = open(files[key], 'rb');
        res = requests.post(url, files=files, data=fields)
        return res.text


import requests
from lxml import etree
from urllib import request


# 封装识别验证码图片的函数
def getCodeText(codeType,filePath):
    result = None
        # 普通用户名
    username    = 'jeremy0820'

    # 密码
    password    = '0820_ab'                            

    # 软件ＩＤ，开发者分成必要参数。登录开发者后台【我的软件】获得！
    appid       = 6003                                    

    # 软件密钥，开发者分成必要参数。登录开发者后台【我的软件】获得！
    appkey      = '1f4b564483ae5c907a1d34f8e2f2776c'    

    # 图片文件
    filename    = filePath                    

    # 验证码类型，# 例：1004表示4位字母数字，不同类型收费不同。请准确填写，否则影响识别率。在此查询所有类型 http://www.yundama.com/price.html
    codetype    = codeType

    # 超时时间，秒
    timeout     = 30                                    

    # 检查
    if (username == 'username'):
        print('请设置好相关参数再测试')
    else:
        # 初始化
        yundama = YDMHttp(username, password, appid, appkey)

        # 登陆云打码
        uid = yundama.login();
        print('uid: %s' % uid)

        # 查询余额
        balance = yundama.balance();
        print('balance: %s' % balance)

        # 开始识别，图片路径，验证码类型ID，超时时间（秒），识别结果
        cid, result = yundama.decode(filename, codetype, timeout);
        print('cid: %s, result: %s' % (cid, result))
    return result　　

模拟登陆

url = 'http://www.renren.com/'
headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36'
}

page_text = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers,proxies={'http':'121.8.98.196:80'}).text
# 解析出验证码图片的地址
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)

code_img_url = tree.xpath('//*[@id="verifyPic_login"]/@src')[0]
# 保存图片
request.urlretrieve(url=code_img_url,filename='./code.jpg')

# 使用打码平台识别验证码
code_text = getCodeText(2004,'./code.jpg')
print(code_text)

#模拟登陆
#抓不到就是时间戳超时
login_url = 'http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login?1=1&uniqueTimestamp=2019402136904'

data = {
    "email": "www.zhangbowudi@qq.com",
    "icode": code_text,
    "origURL": "http://www.renren.com/home",
    "domain": "renren.com",
    "key_id": "1",
    "captcha_type": "web_login",
    "password": "b5b7cc084ec2c8b2fa9ec88ebb55dddb07ce2809f14e98db78ddcfa7159b8ae2",
    "rkey": "449e2cdaaefe6364b26d5b62baab86f5",
    "f": "http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renren.com%2F970683046",
}


#创建一个会话对象
session = requests.Session()
# 产生cookie

response = requests.post(url=login_url,headers=headers,data=data,proxies={'http':'121.8.98.196:80'})
# print(response.status_code)

# page_text = response.text
# print(page_text)

# 该次请求发送必须携带cookie
detail_url = 'http://www.renren.com/970683046/profile'
requests.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).text

　cookie的应用和处理　

- cookie:服务器端记录客户端的相关状态
- 处理cookie的方式：
    - 手动处理：不建议
    - 自动处理：回话对象Session，该对象可以像requests模块一样进行网络请求的发送（get，post）。session进行的请求发送可以自动携带和处理cookie。

#基于cookie的案例分析：https://xueqiu.com/
#1.从首页中获取详情页的url
    #发现：首页中的新闻数据是动态加载出来（ajax） json数据中taget对应的value值就是详情页的url
import requests
headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36'
}
#自动获取cookie，cookie就会自动存储到session中
session = requests.Session()
session.get('https://xueqiu.com/',headers=headers)

#捕获ajax数据包获取的url
url = 'https://xueqiu.com/v4/statuses/public_timeline_by_category.json?since_id=-1&max_id=-1&count=10&category=-1'
#携带cookie进行的请求发送
dic_json = session.get(url=url,headers=headers).json()
print(dic_json)
#从响应数据中获取详情页的url
# for dic in dic_json['list']:
# #     print(dic)
#     d = dic['data']
#     detail_url = 'https://xueqiu.com'+d['target']
#     print(detail_url)