JAVA增删改查XML文件

　　最近总是需要进行xml的相关操作。

　　不免的要进行xml的读取修改等，于是上网搜索，加上自己的小改动，整合了下xml的常用操作。

　　读取XML配置文件

　　首先我们需要通过DocumentBuilderFactory获取xml文件的工厂实例。

DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);

　　创建文档对象

DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document doc = db.parse(xmlPath); // 使用dom解析xml文件

　　最后遍历列表，进行数据提取

NodeList sonlist = doc.getElementsByTagName("son"); 
            for (int i = 0; i < sonlist.getLength(); i++) // 循环处理对象
            {
                Element son = (Element)sonlist.item(i);;
                
                for (Node node = son.getFirstChild(); node != null; node = node.getNextSibling()){  
                    if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){  
                        String name = node.getNodeName();  
                        String value = node.getFirstChild().getNodeValue();  
                        System.out.println(name+" : "+value);
                    }  
                }  
            }

　　全部代码

public static void getFamilyMemebers(){
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
        try {
            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document doc = db.parse(xmlPath); // 使用dom解析xml文件

            NodeList sonlist = doc.getElementsByTagName("son"); 
            for (int i = 0; i < sonlist.getLength(); i++) // 循环处理对象
            {
                Element son = (Element)sonlist.item(i);;
                
                for (Node node = son.getFirstChild(); node != null; node = node.getNextSibling()){  
                    if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){  
                        String name = node.getNodeName();  
                        String value = node.getFirstChild().getNodeValue();  
                        System.out.println(name+" : "+value);
                    }  
                }  
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

　　在XML文件中增加节点

　　差不多同样的步骤，先获取根节点，创建一个新的节点，向其中添加元素信息，最后把这个新节点添加到根节点中

Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
            
            //删除指定节点
            
            Element son =xmldoc.createElement("son");
            son.setAttribute("id", "004");
            
            Element name = xmldoc.createElement("name");
            name.setTextContent("小儿子");
            son.appendChild(name);

            Element age = xmldoc.createElement("name");
            age.setTextContent("0");
            son.appendChild(age);
            
            root.appendChild(son);

　　最后不要忘记保存新增的文件，对源文件进行覆盖。

TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
            former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));

　　全部代码：

    public static void createSon() {
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(false);
        
        try{
        
            DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
        
            Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
            
            //删除指定节点
            
            Element son =xmldoc.createElement("son");
            son.setAttribute("id", "004");
            
            Element name = xmldoc.createElement("name");
            name.setTextContent("小儿子");
            son.appendChild(name);

            Element age = xmldoc.createElement("name");
            age.setTextContent("0");
            son.appendChild(age);
            
            root.appendChild(son);
            //保存
            TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
            former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
            
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

　　在XML中修改节点信息

　　通过XPath来获取目标节点

public static Node selectSingleNode(String express, Element source) {
        Node result=null;
        XPathFactory xpathFactory=XPathFactory.newInstance();
        XPath xpath=xpathFactory.newXPath();
        try {
            result=(Node) xpath.evaluate(express, source, XPathConstants.NODE);
        } catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        return result;
    }

　　获取目标节点，进行修改，完成后，保存文件。

Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
            
            Element per =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='001']", root);
            per.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0).setTextContent("27");
            
            TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
            former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));

　　全部代码：

    public static void modifySon(){
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
        try{
        
            DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
        
            Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
            
            Element per =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='001']", root);
            per.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0).setTextContent("27");
            
            TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
            former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

　　删除XML中的节点

　　通过XPath获取目标节点， 进行删除，最后保存

            Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
            
            Element son =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='002']", root);
            root.removeChild(son);

            TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
            former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));

　　全部代码：

    public static void discardSon(){
            
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
        
        try{
        
            DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
        
            Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
            
            Element son =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='002']", root);
            root.removeChild(son);

            TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
            former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
            
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

---

综上，基本XML的操作就如此了。下面是整合所有的代码，可以直接运行的，前提是在src下自己配好Xml文件。

XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><father>
    <son id="001">
        <name>老大</name>
        <age>27</age>
    </son>
    <son id="002">
        <name>老二</name>
        <age>13</age>
    </son>
    <son id="003">
        <name>老三</name>
        <age>13</age>
    </son>
</father>

xmlManage.java

package xmlManger;

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;



public class xmlManage {
    
    private static String xmlPath = "E:\Eclipse(Plugin)\workspace\xmlManger\src\family.xml";
    
    
    public static void getFamilyMemebers(){
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
        try {
            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document doc = db.parse(xmlPath); // 使用dom解析xml文件

            NodeList sonlist = doc.getElementsByTagName("son"); 
            for (int i = 0; i < sonlist.getLength(); i++) // 循环处理对象
            {
                Element son = (Element)sonlist.item(i);;
                
                for (Node node = son.getFirstChild(); node != null; node = node.getNextSibling()){  
                    if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){  
                        String name = node.getNodeName();  
                        String value = node.getFirstChild().getNodeValue();  
                        System.out.println(name+" : "+value);
                    }  
                }  
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void modifySon(){
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
        try{
        
            DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
        
            Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
            
            Element per =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='001']", root);
            per.getElementsByTagName("age").item(0).setTextContent("27");
            
            TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
            former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void discardSon(){
            
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
        
        try{
        
            DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
        
            Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
            
            Element son =(Element) selectSingleNode("/father/son[@id='002']", root);
            root.removeChild(son);

            TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
            former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
            
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void createSon() {
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(false);
        
        try{
        
            DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document xmldoc=db.parse(xmlPath);
        
            Element root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
            
            //删除指定节点
            
            Element son =xmldoc.createElement("son");
            son.setAttribute("id", "004");
            
            Element name = xmldoc.createElement("name");
            name.setTextContent("小儿子");
            son.appendChild(name);

            Element age = xmldoc.createElement("name");
            age.setTextContent("0");
            son.appendChild(age);
            
            root.appendChild(son);
            //保存
            TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer former = factory.newTransformer();
            former.transform(new DOMSource(xmldoc), new StreamResult(new File(xmlPath)));
            
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static Node selectSingleNode(String express, Element source) {
        Node result=null;
        XPathFactory xpathFactory=XPathFactory.newInstance();
        XPath xpath=xpathFactory.newXPath();
        try {
            result=(Node) xpath.evaluate(express, source, XPathConstants.NODE);
        } catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        return result;
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        getFamilyMemebers();
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        modifySon();
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        getFamilyMemebers();
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        discardSon();
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        getFamilyMemebers();
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        createSon();
        System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
        getFamilyMemebers();
    }
}

运行结果：