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  • Github下载提速Github下载提速与Git常用命令

     

    Github下载提速Github下载提速与Git常用命令

    第一步:打开 找到你浏览器上实际显示的IP地址分别查询github.global.ssl.fastly.net和github.com, 例图 :

     

    第二步:按win+r唤起运行框,输入cmd,然后再依次ping一下上面的两个地址

    第三步:打开你C:WindowsSystem32driversetchosts文件,在文件末尾追加如下一行即可,IP地址选第二步测试TTL值小的那个。 192.30.253.121 


    另外分享一下我的github hosts,可能对你所在地区来说不是最优版本,最优hosts的选择可以参考上面三个步骤

    复制代码
    # Github
    151.101.44.249 http://github.global.ssl.fastly.net
    192.30.253.113 http://github.com
    103.245.222.133 http://assets-cdn.github.com
    23.235.47.133 http://assets-cdn.github.com
    203.208.39.104 http://assets-cdn.github.com
    204.232.175.78 http://documentcloud.github.com
    204.232.175.94 http://gist.github.com
    107.21.116.220 http://help.github.com
    207.97.227.252 http://nodeload.github.com
    192.30.253.121 http://codeload.github.com
    199.27.76.130 http://raw.github.com
    107.22.3.110 http://status.github.com
    204.232.175.78 http://training.github.com
    207.97.227.243 http://www.github.com
    185.31.16.184 http://github.global.ssl.fastly.net
    185.31.18.133 http://avatars0.githubusercontent.com
    185.31.19.133 http://avatars1.githubusercontent.com
    复制代码

    第四步 更新DNS缓存

    windows:

    // 查看DNS缓存内容
    ipconfig /displaydns
    
    // 删除DNS缓存内容
    ipconfig /flushdns

    linux:

    sudo dscacheutil -flushcache

    Git常用命令

    环境的构建

    查看版本的命令:

    git --version

    查看git的安装目录:

    which git

    常用命令

    复制代码
    #使用git命令初始化文件夹,即创建git本地仓库
    $ git init
    Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/Mac/Desktop/myapp/.git/
    #配置全局变量
    $ git config --global user.name "***"
    $ git config --global user.email '****@qq.com'
    #将index.jsp 添加到git仓库中
    $ git add index.jsp
    #获取git本地仓库状态
    $ git status
    #使用通配符添加文件到本地仓库,此命令表示将需要添加的本地仓库的所有html文件添加到本地仓库
    $ git add *.html
    #此命令表示将需要添加的本地仓库的所有文件添加到本地仓库
    $ git add .
    #从git本地仓库中移除index.jsp文件
    $ git rm --cached index.jsp
    #将已添加到本地仓库的文件全部提交,当输入此命令时,会切换到一个编辑页面,此时需输入此次提交的备注信息,保存退出即可
    $ git commit
    #此命令中参数'-m'后添加备注信息
    $ git commit -m 'another change'
    #创建.gitignore文件,该文件的作用是忽略文件中的指定文件,即不用添加提交的文件
    $ touch .gitignore
    #演示创建分支的方法,在分支下修改文件,除非合并,否则不会实质性修改主线的内容
    $ git branch login
    #切换到master角色下
    $ git checkout master
    #在master角色下合并分支命令
    $ git merge login
    #以下演示同步到GitHub上
    #查看是否已有远程连接
    $ git remote
    #创建远程连接命令,"***"此内容需要在GitHub指定查看上复制
    $ git remote add origin git@github.com:****/***.git
    #将本地仓库中的文件推送到GitHub仓库上
    $ git push -u origin master
    #由于之前已建立连接,故此时只需直接即可push
    $ git push
    #从GitHub仓库中克隆项目到本地仓库
    $ git clone **@github.com:***/homework.git
    复制代码

    示例

    复制代码
    Last login: Fri Mar  9 16:47:24 on ttys000
    #配置git,生成公钥密钥(输完命令需要敲四次空格,后三次为提示一行敲一次),运行完之后会在~/.shh文件内生成id_rsa和id_rsa.pub两个文件,
    #复制id_rsa.pub内容复制黏贴到GitHub的指定位置,此操作用于git连接github网站,获取读写权限
    Mac$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "1037345628@qq.com"
    Generating public/private rsa key pair.
    Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/Mac/.ssh/id_rsa): 
    Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
    Enter same passphrase again: 
    Your identification has been saved in /Users/Mac/.ssh/id_rsa.
    Your public key has been saved in /Users/Mac/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
    
    --------------------------------------
    
    #使用git进行项目版本管理.
    
    #1.创建myapp,并切换至该目录下
    :~ Mac$ cd /Users/Mac/Desktop/myapp 
    #创建index.jsp app.jsp文件
    :myapp Mac$ touch index.jsp
    :myapp Mac$ touch app.jsp
    #使用git命令初始化文件夹,即创建git本地仓库
    :myapp Mac$ git init
    Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/Mac/Desktop/myapp/.git/
    #配置全局变量
    :myapp Mac$ git config --global user.name "****"
    :myapp Mac$ git config --global user.email '****@qq.com'
    #将index.jsp 添加到git仓库中
    :myapp Mac$ git add index.jsp
    #获取git本地仓库状态
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    #表示正在以master(项目创建者或主线管理)角色操作
    On branch master
    #表示没有提交过
    No commits yet
    
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
        #新文件,表示需要提交的文件
        new file:   index.jsp
    
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    
        app.jsp
    
    #从git本地仓库中移除index.jsp文件
    :myapp Mac$ git rm --cached index.jsp
    rm 'index.jsp'
    #获取git本地仓库状态
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    
    No commits yet
    
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        #表示需要添加git仓库的文件
        app.jsp
        index.jsp
    #没有可提交的文件
    nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
    #创建index.html文件
    :myapp Mac$ touch index.html
    #查看git本地仓库状态
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    
    No commits yet
    
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    
        app.jsp
        index.html
        index.jsp
    
    nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
    #使用通配符添加文件到本地仓库,此命令表示将需要添加的本地仓库的所有html文件添加到本地仓库
    :myapp Mac$ git add *.html
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    
    No commits yet
    
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   index.html
    
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    
        app.jsp
        index.jsp
    #此命令表示将需要添加的本地仓库的所有文件添加到本地仓库
    :myapp Mac$ git add .
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    
    No commits yet
    
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   app.jsp
        new file:   index.html
        new file:   index.jsp
    
    
    #修改index.jsp 文件
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    
    No commits yet
    
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   app.jsp
        new file:   index.html
        new file:   index.jsp
    
    Changes not staged for commit:
      (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
      (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
        #表示该文件已被修改过,需要重新添加本地仓库
        modified:   index.html
    
    :myapp Mac$ git add .
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    
    No commits yet
    
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   app.jsp
        new file:   index.html
        new file:   index.jsp
    
    #将已添加到本地仓库的文件全部提交,当输入此命令时,会切换到一个编辑页面,此时需输入此次提交的备注信息,保存退出即可
    :myapp Mac$ git commit
    [master (root-commit) f81a0ad] first commit;
     3 files changed, 10 insertions(+)
     create mode 100644 app.jsp
     create mode 100644 index.html
     create mode 100644 index.jsp
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    #表示没有需要提交的文件
    nothing to commit, working tree clean
    #修改app.jsp文件,获取本地仓库状态
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    Changes not staged for commit:
      (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
      (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
          #表示需要添加的文件
        modified:   app.jsp
    #表没有已经改变的已添加文件
    no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
    :myapp Mac$ git add .
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
        #需要提交的已经添加到本地仓库的修改文件
        modified:   app.jsp
    #提交,输入备注信息
    :myapp Mac$ git commit
    #change is app.jsp 添加备注信息
    [master 24e3cd2] changed is app.jsp
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
    
    :myapp Mac$ git commit
    On branch master
    nothing to commit, working tree clean
    
    #创建log.txt文件
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    
        log.txt
    
    nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
    #创建.gitignore文件,该文件的作用是忽略文件中的指定文件,即不用添加提交的文件
    :myapp Mac$ touch .gitignore
    #在.gitignore文件输入log.txt
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
          #需要添加文件,已忽略log.txt文件
        .gitignore
    
    nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
    :myapp Mac$ git add .
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   .gitignore
    
    #创建文件夹dir1,dir2
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   .gitignore
    
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    
        dir1/
        dir2/
    
    #在.gitignore中添加"/dir1"内容
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   .gitignore
    
    Changes not staged for commit:
      (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
      (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
    
        modified:   .gitignore
    
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    
        dir2/
    
    :myapp Mac$ git add .
    #此命令中参数'-m'后添加备注信息
    :myapp Mac$ git commit -m 'another change'
    [master 50d5a2f] another change
     2 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
     create mode 100644 .gitignore
     create mode 100644 dir2/app2.js
    
    #演示创建分支的方法,在分支下修改文件,除非合并,否则不会实质性修改主线的内容
    #创建login分支命令 
    :myapp Mac$ git branch login
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    nothing to commit, working tree clean
    #切换到login分支下
    :myapp Mac$ git checkout login
    Switched to branch 'login'
    
    #在分支下创建文件
    :myapp Mac$ touch login.html
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch login
    Changes not staged for commit:
      (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
      (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
    
        modified:   dir2/app2.js
        modified:   index.html
    
    Untracked files:
      (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    
        login.html
    
    no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
    :myapp Mac$ git commit -m 'login form'
    On branch login
    Changes not staged for commit:
        modified:   dir2/app2.js
        modified:   index.html
    
    Untracked files:
        login.html
    
    no changes added to commit
    :myapp Mac$ git add .
    :myapp Mac$ git commit -m 'login form'
    [login 57202e2] login form
     3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
     create mode 100644 login.html
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch login
    nothing to commit, working tree clean
    
    #切换到master角色下
    :myapp Mac$ git checkout master
    Switched to branch 'master'
    
    #在master角色下合并分支命令
    :myapp Mac$ git merge login
    Updating 50d5a2f..57202e2
    Fast-forward
     dir2/app2.js |  2 +-
     index.html   |  1 +
     login.html   | 10 ++++++++++
     3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
     create mode 100644 login.html
    
    #以下演示同步到GitHub上
    #查看是否已有远程连接
    :myapp Mac$ git remote
    #创建远程连接命令,"git@github.com:****/homework.git"此内容需要在GitHub指定查看上复制
    :myapp Mac$ git remote add origin git@github.com:*****/homework.git
    #查看是否已有远程连接
    :myapp Mac$ git remote
    origin
    :myapp Mac$ git push -u origin master
    git@github.com: Permission denied (publickey).
    fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
    
    Please make sure you have the correct access rights
    and the repository exists.
    :myapp Mac$ git remote add origin https://github.com/*****/homework.git
    fatal: remote origin already exists.
    
    #将本地仓库中的文件推送到GitHub仓库上
    WGB:myapp Mac$ git push -u origin master
    Counting objects: 18, done.
    Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
    Compressing objects: 100% (11/11), done.
    Writing objects: 100% (18/18), 1.46 KiB | 213.00 KiB/s, done.
    Total 18 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
    remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (3/3), done.
    To github.com:gdwkong/homework.git
     * [new branch]      master -> master
    Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
    
    #切换到master角色下
    :myapp Mac$ git checkout master
    A    README.md
    Already on 'master'
    Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
    #创建文件README.md文件
    :myapp Mac$ touch README.md
    :myapp Mac$ git add .
    :myapp Mac$ git status
    On branch master
    Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
    
    Changes to be committed:
      (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    
        new file:   README.md
    
    :myapp Mac$ git commit -m 'README.md'
    [master 2dcd73c] README.md
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
     create mode 100644 README.md
    
    #由于之前已建立连接,故此时只需直接即可push
    WGB:myapp Mac$ git push
    
    Counting objects: 3, done.
    Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
    Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
    Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 283 bytes | 283.00 KiB/s, done.
    Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
    remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), completed with 1 local object.
    To github.com:gdwkong/homework.git
       57202e2..2dcd73c  master -> master
    
    #从GitHub仓库中克隆项目到本地仓库
    :myapp Mac$ cd /Users/Mac/Desktop/myapp2 
    :myapp2 Mac$ ls
    :myapp2 Mac$ git clone git@github.com:***/homework.git
    Cloning into 'homework'...
    remote: Counting objects: 21, done.
    remote: Compressing objects: 100% (9/9), done.
    Receiving objects: 100% (21/21), done.
    Resolving deltas: 100% (4/4), done.
    remote: Total 21 (delta 4), reused 21 (delta 4), pack-reused 0
    $
    复制代码

    提交后GitHub中相应的仓库中的内容

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xinxihua/p/14391531.html
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