文章结束给大家来个程序员笑话：[M]
调试完pcDuino的led裸板程序，再调pcDuino基于linux内核的gpio驱动开辟，之前的问题水到渠成。本文是在pcDuino的linux移植四简单驱动开辟的基础上，做GPIO驱动开辟。然后写一个应用测试程序，通过敲命令控制pcduino的TX led亮、灭。同时如果你GPIO4、GPIO5接个LED，也会随着亮、灭。
开辟环境：
系统：ubuntu 10.04.4
单板：pcDuino
编译器：arm-2009q3-67-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
目标：敲命令控制pcDuino上的TX_LED亮、灭
一、硬件介绍
仔细看pcDuino上的原理图和pcDuino的手册，发明二者不是完全对应的，还是以原理图为准。根据原理图晓得TX_LED是接到PH15上，可以当作普通IO口用，不需要连跳线
二、编写GPIO驱动代码
主要包括2部份，驱动代码first_drv.c和应用测试程序firstdrvtest.c以及Makefile。
驱动代码first_drv.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <mach/hardware.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
static struct class *firstdrv_class;
static struct class_device *firstdrv_class_dev;
volatile unsigned long *gphcfg1;//0x100 ph9 [6:4]001
volatile unsigned long *gphdat; //0x10c
static int first_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("first_drv_open\n");
/* 配置GPh9为输出引脚 gpio4*/
*gphcfg1 |= ((0x1<<4)|(0x1<<8)|(0X1<<28));
return 0;
}
static ssize_t first_drv_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count,loff_t *ppos)
{
int val;
printk("first_drv_write\n");
copy_from_user(&val, buf, count); // copy_to_user();
if (val == 1)
{
// 点灯
*gphdat &= ~((0X1<<9)|(0X1<<10)|(1<<15));
}
else
{
// 灭灯
*gphdat |= ((0X1<<9)|(0X1<<10)|(1<<15));
}
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations first_drv_fops ={
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = first_drv_open,
.write = first_drv_write,
};
int major;
static int first_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "first_drv", &first_drv_fops);
firstdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "firstdrv");
firstdrv_class_dev = device_create(firstdrv_class,NULL,MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "xyz");
gphcfg1 = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x01c20900, 16);
gphdat = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x01c2090c, 16);//gphcfg1 + 3;
return 0;
}
static void first_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major,"first_drv");
device_unregister(firstdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(firstdrv_class);
iounmap(gphcfg1);
iounmap(gphdat);
}
module_init(first_drv_init);
module_exit(first_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
文件Makefile：
KERN_DIR = /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0 all: make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean: make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean rm -rf modules.order obj-m += first_drv.o
应用测试程序firstdrvtest.c：
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
/* firstdrvtest on
* firstdrvtest off
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd;
int val = 1;
fd = open("/dev/xyz", O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
}
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("Usage :\n");
printf("%s <on|off>\n", argv[0]);
return 0;
}
if (strcmp(argv[1], "on") == 0)
{
val = 1;
}
else
{
val = 0;
}
write(fd, &val, 4);
return 0;
}
三、编译测试
change@change:~/Si/A10/2_led$ cd ../pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/
change@change:~/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv$ ls
first_drv.c first_drv.mod.c first_drv.o firstdrvtest.c modules.order
first_drv.ko first_drv.mod.o firstdrvtest Makefile Module.symvers
change@change:~/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv$ make clean
make -C /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0 M=`pwd` modules clean
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0'
LD /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/built-in.o
CC [M] /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.o
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c: In function 'first_drv_write':
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c:30: warning: ignoring return value of 'copy_from_user', declared with attribute warn_unused_result
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c: In function 'first_drv_init':
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c:57: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c: In function 'first_drv_exit':
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c:66: warning: passing argument 1 of 'device_unregister' from incompatible pointer type
include/linux/device.h:692: note: expected 'struct device *' but argument is of type 'struct class_device *'
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.mod.o
LD [M] /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.ko
CLEAN /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/.tmp_versions
CLEAN /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/Module.symvers
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0'
rm -rf modules.order
change@change:~/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv$ make
make -C /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0 M=`pwd` modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0'
CC [M] /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.o
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c: In function 'first_drv_write':
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c:30: warning: ignoring return value of 'copy_from_user', declared with attribute warn_unused_result
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c: In function 'first_drv_init':
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c:57: warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c: In function 'first_drv_exit':
/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.c:66: warning: passing argument 1 of 'device_unregister' from incompatible pointer type
include/linux/device.h:692: note: expected 'struct device *' but argument is of type 'struct class_device *'
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.mod.o
LD [M] /home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv/first_drv.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/change/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0'
change@change:~/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv$ ls
first_drv.c first_drv.mod.c first_drv.o firstdrvtest.c modules.order
first_drv.ko first_drv.mod.o firstdrvtest Makefile Module.symvers
change@change:~/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv$ cp first_drv.ko firstdrvtest /home/change/work/rootfs_dir/fs_mini/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino/
change@change:~/Si/A10/pcduino/linux-sunxi-sunxi-3.0/drivers/mydrv/led_drv$
程序比较简单，也太晚了，就不分析了，有问题直接留言吧，开始测试吧。启动前面pcDuino的linux移植一、二、三、四搭建的驱动开辟平台，进入控制台测试
/ # ifconfig eth0 172.16.1.111
<4>wemac wemac.0: WARNING: no IRQ resource flags set.
[ 18.250000] wemac wemac.0: WARNING: no IRQ resource flags set.
<6>wemac wemac.0: eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1
[ 18.400000] wemac wemac.0: eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1
/ # ping 172.16.1<7>eth0: no IPv6 routers present
[ 28.860000] eth0: no IPv6 routers present
PING 172.16.1 (172.16.0.1): 56 data bytes
^C
--- 172.16.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
/ # ping 172.16.1.137
PING 172.16.1.137 (172.16.1.137): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.16.1.137: seq=0 ttl=64 time=10.015 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.137: seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.013 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.137: seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.735 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.137: seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.814 ms
^C
--- 172.16.1.137 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.814/3.394/10.015 ms
/ # ls
bin etc lib mnt run sys usr
dev home linuxrc proc sbin tmp var
/ # mount -t nfs -o nolock 172.16.1.137:/home/change/work/rootfs_dir/fs_mini /mn
t/
/ # ls /mnt/
bin etc lib mnt root sys usr
dev home linuxrc proc sbin tmp
/ # cd /mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino/
/mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino # ls
first_drv.ko firstdrvtest gpio_drv.ko gpiodrvtest
/mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino # insmod first_drv.ko
/mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino # lsmod
first_drv 1768 0 - Live 0xbf000000
/mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino # ./firstdrvtest off
first_drv_open
[ 303.610000] first_drv_open
first_drv_write
[ 303.610000] first_drv_write
/mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino # ./firstdrvtest on
first_drv_open
[ 309.510000] first_drv_open
first_drv_write
[ 309.510000] first_drv_write
/mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino #
可以看到执行./firstdrvtest off ,pcDuino上的TX LED就灭，执行./firstdrvtest on,pcDuino上的TX LED就亮。测试基本正常，卸载刚刚加载的驱动如下;
/mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino # rmmod first_drv
/mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino # lsmod
/mnt/home/linux-3.0.62/pcduino #
基本OK了，下一步继续完善驱动。
文章结束给大家分享下程序员的一些笑话语录：
问路
有一个驾驶热气球的人发现他迷路了。他降低了飞行的高度，并认出了地面 上的一个人。他继续下降高度并对着那个人大叫，“打扰一下，你能告诉我我 在哪吗？”
下面那个人说：“是的。你在热气球里啊，盘旋在 30 英尺的空中”。
热气球上的人说：“你一定是在 IT 部门做技术工作”。
“没错”，地面上的人说到，“你是怎么知道的？”
“呵呵”，热气球上的人说，“你告诉我的每件事在技术上都是对的，但对都没 有用”。
地面上的人说，“你一定是管理层的人”。
“没错”，热气球上的人说，“可是你是怎么知道的？”
“呵呵”，地面上的那人说到，“你不知道你在哪里，你也不知道你要去哪，你 总希望我能帮你。你现在和我们刚见面时还在原来那个地方，但现在却是我 错了”。
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原创文章 By
驱动和移植
---------------------------------