Linux笔记 #06# 在VPS上自建Git服务

参考：

GitHub Help: Connecting to GitHub with SSH

廖雪峰的官方网站: 搭建Git服务器

菜鸟教程: Git 服务器搭建

1. 安装记录（可能有错。。。）

本地（ Debian 8.8）：

sudo apt-get install git

git version # 确保正确安装

root@xkfx:~# git config --global user.name "little fish"
root@xkfx:~# git config --global user.email "little_fish@163.com"

# 初始设置，作为储存在本地的变量，会用在Git的提交日志中

root@xkfx:~# git config user.name
little fish
root@xkfx:~# git config user.email 
little_fish@163.com

 生成 ssh key （这个不是 git 命令！），

root@xkfx:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "little_fish@163.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
53:f3:c5:06:28:61:3f:12:36:fc:54:c7:df:4c:9c:60 little_fish_pubic@gmail.com # 已改，仅作示范
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|     .*..+o..E...|
|     o.++  +o  .o|
|      .oo + +. + |
|       ..o =  . o|
|        S   .    |
|         .       |
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
+-----------------+

总之本地持有私匙，远程持有对应公匙，这样双方才能安全通信。关于邮箱参数有啥用可以参考这个文档（是作为 ssh key 的一个标签，这在仓库放在 github 上的时候会有用 ~）密码是给私匙配的。

VPS（Centos 6 x86 bbr ）：

[root@xkfx ~]# yum install git
[root@xkfx ~]# git version

 把有权限访问的【终端的公匙】拷贝进去，一行一个，

root@xkfx:~# cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDGetaJDc9kTMrRlw+++ve+w4gamJH2LfNC9qJa/LbvXUFkO1atJCQxn2DlaNvQxrMvSSAHRNo2MmNnxRp9Vi8sg6KawgVKx6n60maMxvMugkzV+BOm8ds+C5M+JAdRzjBzfdgWIMgdqZfyfG1sHnTg6JGvzCxJ9DigNb+2cho20CXhCv5JKsn2fHzyc75BguT8gxZ7e9vtQNWywLNNse8mCFmc28kmxXo14eDuZPbDGnEU12BO+UFVqYbeFVNLVcS8x2GiJg/Iy5pDCPScPI0iyZGor7AkI0SjfhQuc4uMDVIDWC5gp8cqudxP little_fish_pubic@gmail.com

[root@xkfx ~]# sudo adduser git

[root@xkfx ~]# cd /home/git
[root@xkfx git]# mkdir .ssh
[root@xkfx git]# vim /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys

[root@xkfx git]# sudo git init --bare sample.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/sample.git/

出于安全性考虑，

[root@xkfx git]# sudo chown -R git:git sample.git
[root@xkfx git]# vim /etc/passwd

2.基本操作尝试

root@xkfx:~# git clone git@your ip address:/home/git/sample.git
Cloning into 'sample'...
ssh: connect to host your ip address port 22: Connection refused
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

root@xkfx:~# eval $(ssh-agent -s)
Agent pid 16083
root@xkfx:~# ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Enter passphrase for /root/.ssh/id_rsa:
Bad passphrase, try again for /root/.ssh/id_rsa:
Identity added: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (/root/.ssh/id_rsa)

root@xkfx:~# ssh -T git@your ip address
ssh: connect to host your ip address port 22: Connection refused

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

root@xkfx:~# ssh -T git@github.com
The authenticity of host 'github.com (192.30.253.112)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,192.30.253.112' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Permission denied (publickey).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

换菜鸟教程从头敲一遍 失败

换了个 VPS 按照菜鸟教程重敲了一遍 就成功了。

root@xkfx:~# groupadd git
root@xkfx:~# useradd git -g git
root@xkfx:~# cd /home/git/
root@xkfx:/home/git# mkdir .ssh
root@xkfx:/home/git# chmod 755 .ssh
root@xkfx:/home/git# touch .ssh/authorized_keys
root@xkfx:/home/git# chmod 644 .ssh/authorized_keys
root@xkfx:/home/git# cd /home
root@xkfx:/home#  mkdir gitrepo
root@xkfx:/home# chown git:git gitrepo/
root@xkfx:/home# cd gitrepo
root@xkfx:/home/gitrepo# git init --bare runoob.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/gitrepo/runoob.git/
root@xkfx:/home/gitrepo# chown -R git:git runoob.git # 必要的！否则会因为权限不够无法 push
root@xkfx:/home/gitrepo# vim /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys

mdzz@LAPTOP-QGECNCGO MINGW64 /d/labs

$ git clone git@????????????:/home/gitrepo/runoob.git
Cloning into 'runoob'...
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.

3. 应用

存放不愿公开的项目

作为网盘方便地保存重要文件

例如打算写个小项目：

在 VPS 上建立仓库，无论你在本地是否已经开始写（写了就 移花接木 :D）

 VPS：

root@xkfx:/home/gitrepo# git init --bare mangast.git
root@xkfx:/home/gitrepo# chown -R git:git mangast.git

本地：

$ git clone git@????????????:/home/gitrepo/mangast.git

 --------- 移 花 接 木 ------ 

$ git add sql/ src/ web/

$ git commit -m "basis."

$ git push origin master