TimeUnit是一个时间单位枚举类,主要用于多线程并发编程,时间单元表示给定粒度单元的时间持续时间,并提供实用程序方法来跨单元转换,以及在这些单元中执行计时和延迟操作。
1.时间单位换算
(1)支持的单位
TimeUnit.DAYS //天 TimeUnit.HOURS //小时 TimeUnit.MINUTES //分钟 TimeUnit.SECONDS //秒 TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS //毫秒 TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS //微秒 TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS //纳秒
(2)转换方法,例如:TimeUnit.HOURS 的转换源码
HOURS { public long toNanos(long d) { return x(d, C5/C0, MAX/(C5/C0)); } public long toMicros(long d) { return x(d, C5/C1, MAX/(C5/C1)); } public long toMillis(long d) { return x(d, C5/C2, MAX/(C5/C2)); } public long toSeconds(long d) { return x(d, C5/C3, MAX/(C5/C3)); } public long toMinutes(long d) { return x(d, C5/C4, MAX/(C5/C4)); } public long toHours(long d) { return d; } public long toDays(long d) { return d/(C6/C5); } public long convert(long d, TimeUnit u) { return u.toHours(d); } int excessNanos(long d, long m) { return 0; } }
(3)使用举例
//小时转换为秒
long sec = TimeUnit.HOURS.toSeconds(1);
System.out.println("sec:" + sec);
// 另一种形式
long sec2 = TimeUnit.SECONDS.convert(1, TimeUnit.HOURS);
System.out.println("sec2:" + sec2);
输出结果:
sec:3600
sec2:3600
2.计时操作
计时操作需要2个参数:数值和单位TimeUnit。
(1)Lock,tryLock,尝试获取锁50毫秒。
Lock lock = ...; if (lock.tryLock(50L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) ...
(2)线程池构造方法参数:keepAliveTime和unit
从Java线程池ThreadPoolExecutor原理和用法,ThreadPoolExecutor构造方法:
public
ThreadPoolExecutor(
int
corePoolSize,
int
maximumPoolSize,
long
keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,ThreadFactory threadFactory,RejectedExecutionHandler handler);
keepAliveTime:表示线程没有任务执行时最多保持多久时间会终止;
unit:参数keepAliveTime的时间单位(TimeUnit);
例如:java.util.concurrent.Executors.newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory)
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(), threadFactory); }
(3)ArrayBlockingQueue的poll方法,long和TimeUnit
java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue.poll(long, TimeUnit)
ArrayBlockingQueue<Long> arrayBlockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(100); for (long i = 0; i < 100; i++) { arrayBlockingQueue.add(i); } for (long i = 0; i < 100; i++) { try { System.out.println(arrayBlockingQueue.poll(50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
3.延迟操作
(1)比如当前线程延迟5s
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
4.TimeUnit 与 Thread sleep的区别
(1)TimeUnit sleep的原理
public void sleep(long timeout) throws InterruptedException { if (timeout > 0) { long ms = toMillis(timeout); int ns = excessNanos(timeout, ms); Thread.sleep(ms, ns); } }
TimeUnit sleep的底层调用了Thread.sleep。
(2)区别:TimeUnit sleep使用起来更方便,更易懂
比如:比如当前线程延迟5s:
使用Thread.sleep
Thread.sleep(5000);
// 或者
Thread.sleep(5*1000);
使用TimeUnit
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);