Spring 容器中的 Bean 是有生命周期的,Spring 允许在 Bean 在初始化完成后以及 Bean 销毁前执行特定的操作,常用的设定方式有以下十种: 通过实现 InitializingBean 接口来定制初始化之后的操作方法; 通过实现DisposableBean 接口来定制销毁之前的操作方法; 通过元素的 init-method属性指定初始化之后调用的操作方法; 通过元素的 destroy-method属性指定销毁之前调用的操作方法; 在指定方法上加上 @PostConstruct 注解来制定该方法是在初始化之后调用; 在指定方法上加上 @PreDestroy 注解来制定该方法是在销毁之前调用; 实现BeanNameAware接口设置Bean的ID或者Name; 实现BeanFactoryAware接口设置BeanFactory; 实现ApplicationContextAware接口设置ApplicationContext; 注册实现了BeanPostProcessor的Bean后处理器,通过postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization 方法对初始化的Bean进行自定义处理; 那么这十种方式所定义方法执的行顺序是什么? 鄙人经过大量的代码实验得到了一些结果记录下来,以供用到时查阅。 初始化过程中各方法的执行顺序如下: 调用构造器 Bean.constructor,进行实例化; 调用 Setter 方法,设置属性值; 调用 BeanNameAware.setBeanName,设置Bean的ID或者Name; 调用 BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory,设置BeanFactory; 调用 ApplicationContextAware.setApplicationContext,置ApplicationContext; 调用BeanPostProcessor的预先初始化方法,如下: BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessBeforeInitialization BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessBeforeInitialization BeanPostProcessor3.postProcessBeforeInitialization …… 调用由 @PostConstruct 注解的方法; 调用 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet; 调用 Bean.init-mehod 初始化方法; 调用BeanPostProcessor的后初始化方法,如下: BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessAfterInitialization BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessAfterInitialization BeanPostProcessor3.postProcessAfterInitialization …… 容器关闭时,Bean销毁过程中各方法的执行顺序如下: 调用由 @PreDestroy 注解的方法 调用DisposableBean的destroy(); 调用定制的destroy-method方法; 实验代码如下: 文件 bean.xml 的代码如下: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " default-init-method="init_method" default-destroy-method="destroy_method"> <context:component-scan base-package="spring" /> <bean class="spring.InitHelloWorld2"/> <bean class="spring.InitHelloWorld"/> <bean id="hello" class="spring.Hello1" > <property name="message" value="ccccccccc"/> </bean> </beans> 文件 Hello1.java 的代码如下: package spring; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.*; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; import javax.annotation.PreDestroy; public class Hello1 implements InitializingBean, BeanNameAware,BeanFactoryAware,ApplicationContextAware,DisposableBean{ private String message; public String getMessage(){ return message; } public void setMessage(String message){ System.out.println("Hello1 setMessage"); this.message = message; } public Hello1(){ System.out.println("Hello1 构造器"); } public void hello(){ System.out.println("Hello1 我是:" + message); } public void init_method(){ System.out.println("Hello1 init-method "); } @PostConstruct public void postConstruct(){ System.out.println("Hello1 @PostConstruct"); } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception{ System.out.println("Hello1 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet"); } @Override public void setBeanName(String s){ System.out.println("Hello1 setBeanName " + s); } @Override public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException{ System.out.println("Hello1 setBeanFactory " ); } @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException{ System.out.println("Hello1 setApplicationContext " ); } @Override public void destroy() throws Exception{ System.out.println("Hello1 DisposableBean.destroy " ); } public void destroy_method() throws Exception{ System.out.println("Hello1 destroy-method " ); } @PreDestroy public void preDestroy() throws Exception{ System.out.println("Hello1 @PreDestroy " ); } } 文件 InitHelloWord.java 的代码如下: package spring; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; import org.springframework.core.Ordered; public class InitHelloWorld implements BeanPostProcessor,Ordered{ @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException{ System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessBeforeInitialization:" + s); return o; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException{ System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessAfterInitialization:" + s); return o; } @Override public int getOrder(){ return 10; } } 文件 InitHelloWord2.java 的代码如下: package spring; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; import org.springframework.core.Ordered; public class InitHelloWorld2 implements BeanPostProcessor,Ordered{ @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException{ System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessBeforeInitialization:" + s); return o; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException{ System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessAfterInitialization:" + s); return o; } @Override public int getOrder(){ return 20; } } 文件 MainApp.java 代码如下: package spring; import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MainApp{ public static void main(String... args){ AbstractApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Hello1 hello = (Hello1) ctx.getBean("hello"); hello.hello(); ctx.close(); } } 代码执行结果如下: Hello1 构造器 Hello1 setMessage Hello1 setBeanName hello Hello1 setBeanFactory Hello1 setApplicationContext BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessBeforeInitialization:hello BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessBeforeInitialization:hello Hello1 @PostConstruct Hello1 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet Hello1 init-method BeanPostProcessor1.postProcessAfterInitialization:hello BeanPostProcessor2.postProcessAfterInitialization:hello Hello1 我是:ccccccccc Hello1 @PreDestroy Hello1 DisposableBean.destroy Hello1 destroy-method 链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/80d4fa132747