MongoDB ORM mongoose 配置和使用

前言

NPM mongoose是node.js中操作MongoDB常用到的ORM框架，本文记录一下MongoDB的配置和连接方法.

MongoDB 配置文件修改（mongod.cfg）

• 打开连接认证之前要先添加用户，否者无可用用户登录了

# 只可以在admin集合中创建特殊权限用户
$ use admin

# 下边两个权限都可以
$ db.addUser( { user: "admin", pwd: "admin", roles: [ "userAdminAnyDatabase" ] } )
$ db.addUser( { user: "root", pwd: "root", roles: [ "root" ] } )

• 主要是为了打开MongoDB的连接认证，默认是任何人都可以操作数据库（不安全），当然不打开也不影响后续操作

## 添加或取消注释 下面代码（有疑惑的可参考官方配置文档）
security:
  authorization: enabled

在项目中使用时的目录结构

• collections：存放文档模型

• connect.js: 连接数据库

• exec.js: 用于临时调试执行语句

• index.js: 导出所有文档模型

部分代码

• 以node.js为例

• person.js

module.exports = function (mongoose) {
    return mongoose.model('Person', new mongoose.Schema({
        name: String,
        age: Number
    }));
};

• connect.js

const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const mongoConfig = global.config.mongodb;
// 带认证的
mongoConfig.urls => 'mongodb://root:yourpass@localhost:27017/dev?authSource=admin&readPreference=primary&appname=MongoDB%20Compass&ssl=false'
// 不带认证的
mongoConfig.urls => 'mongodb://localhost:27017/dev'

try {
   mongoose.connect(mongoConfig.urls, {
      useNewUrlParser: true,
      useUnifiedTopology: true,
      useCreateIndex: true,
      useFindAndModify: false,
      autoIndex: false, // Don't build indexes
      poolSize: 10, // Maintain up to 10 socket connections
      serverSelectionTimeoutMS: 5000, // Keep trying to send operations for 5 seconds
      socketTimeoutMS: 45000, // Close sockets after 45 seconds of inactivity
      family: 4 // Use IPv4, skip trying IPv6
   });
mongoose.connection.on('connected', () => {
   console.mongo('MongoDB has been established successfully');
});

mongoose.connection.on('error', err => {
   console.mongo('Unable to connect to the MongoDB:', err);
});
} catch (e) {
   console.mongo('Unable to connect to the MongoDB:', err);
}

• connect.js

require('./connect'); // 创建连接
const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');

let db = {};
[
    'collections' // 存放文档模型的目录，可以为多个
].forEach(function (rootFile) {
    fs.readdirSync(path.join(__dirname, rootFile)).forEach(function (file) {
        let url = path.join(__dirname, rootFile, file);
        if (fs.statSync(url).isDirectory()) { // 也可以嵌套一层目录
            fs.readdirSync(url).forEach(function (subFile) {
                let model = require(path.join(__dirname, rootFile, file, subFile))(mongoose);
                db[model.modelName] = model;
            });
        } else {
            let model = require(url)(mongoose);
            db[model.modelName] = model;
        }
    });
});

module.exports = db;

增删改查

• exec.js

const mongo = require('./index');

// 以下都以person模型为例
(async () => {
    try {
        // 增 save
        const person = new mongo.Person({
            name: 'xpp',
            age: 19
        });
        const ret = await person.save();
        console.log(ret);

        // 增 create
        // const ret = await mongo.Person.create({
        //     name: 'create',
        //     age: 19
        // });
        // console.log(ret);

        // 修改 update / updateMany
        // const ret = await mongo.Person.updateMany({
        //     name: 'create'
        // }, {
        //     $set: {
        //         age: 20
        //     }
        // });
        // console.log(ret);

        // 查找数据 find / findOne
        // const ret = await mongo.Person.find({
        //     name: 'create'
        // });
        // console.log(ret);

        // 删除数据 remove / deleteOne / deleteMany
        // const ret = await mongo.Person.remove({
        //     name: 'create'
        // });
        // console.log(ret);

    } catch (e) {
        console.log(e);
    }
})();

以上只是做了简单记录，方便日后查看，仅供参考

参考链接（官方文档）

• mongoose API Docs

• mongoose Config Docs