PROGRAMMING_WINDOWS_PHONE_7 读书笔记—基础篇（横向和纵向视图）

作品目标： Windows Phone 7开发技术实用手册。

Programming_Windows_Phone_7 读书笔记规划

• 基础篇
  基础篇是Silvelight和XNA共有的部分，分为
  • 横向和纵向视图
  • 触控
  • Sensors和服务（加速器、Bing Map、云计算）
  • 全球化
  • 应用设计问题集锦
• Silverlight篇
  结合《Programming_Windows_Phone_7》与Windows Phone Silverlight动手实验程序，分为
  • 元素和属性
  • 复杂的布局
  • 应用程序菜单栏
  • 数据绑定和项的控制
  • 动画和多媒体
  • 数据透视和全景
• XNA篇
  结合《Programming_Windows_Phone_7》与Windows Phone XNA框架动手实验程序。
  • 运动的规则
  • 2D游戏中实现触摸和手势
  • 2D游戏中实现消息发送和墓碑机制
  • 3D游戏的触控和基本3D物理学

参考资料：

• Programming Windows Phone 7
• MSDN Library -- Windows Phone Development
• UI Design and Interaction Guide for Windows Phone 7 v2.0
• Designing Web Sites for Phone Browsers
• Develop for Windows Phone & XBOX 360 Code Sample
• Windows Phone 7 Application Certification Requirements

读书笔记的内容源于也多于Programming_Windows_Phone_7，是Windows Phone 7开发技术学习的合集。目标是写成Windows Phone开发技术实用手册。

规划的章节若有不合理之处，日后将修改。

虽然大部分内容看起来都似曾相识，也许别人都写过。在整理时，力求从深度和不同的侧面诠释Windows Phone的开发技术。由于个人能力和水平有待提高，很多问题的分析还很肤浅。敬请各位不吝赐教，提出改进建议。

 

 

Silverlight 实现自动横向和纵向视图显示

本例中使用phone:WebBrowser实现浏览网页，当我们旋转模拟器时，发现网页并没有随着模拟器旋转，即网页没有自动横向显示。其实纵向和横向自动调整显示非常容易。

打开MainPage.xaml，中调整 PhoneApplicationPage中属性SupportedOrientations的设定。

<phone:PhoneApplicationPage

x:Class="MiniBrowser.MainPage"

xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

xmlns:phone="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"

xmlns:shell="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Shell;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"

xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"

xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"

mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="480" d:DesignHeight="768"

FontFamily="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}"

FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}"

Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush}"

SupportedOrientations="Portrait" Orientation="Portrait"

shell:SystemTray.IsVisible="True">

 

 

修改方法：

SupportedOrientations="Portrait"

to:

SupportedOrientations="PortraitOrLandscape"

SupportedOrientations

Gets or sets the supported phone orientations.

SupportedOrientations是 PhoneApplicationPage的属性. SupportedPageOrientation可以设置为Portrait（纵向）, Landscape（横向）和PortraitOrLandscape（自动纵向或者横向）。

WebBrowser属性

在MainPage.xaml中

<phone:WebBrowser HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Name="webBrowser1" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" Height="Auto" Width="Auto" Source="http://cn.bing.com"/>

 

Name

Gets or sets the identifying name of the object. When a XAML processor creates the object tree from XAML markup, run-time code can refer to the XAML-declared object by this name.

Property Value

Type: System.String
The name of the object, which must be a string that is valid in the XamlName Grammar. The default is an empty string.

Remarks

The following is the normative grammar for a string that is used as a name or key in Silverlight.

XamlName ::= NameStartChar (NameChar)*

NameStartChar ::= LetterCharacter | '_'

NameChar ::= NameStartChar | DecimalDigit

LetterCharacter ::= ('a'-'z') | ('A'–'Z')

DecimalDigit ::= '0'-'9'

CombiningCharacter::= none

Characters are restricted to the lower ASCII range, and more specifically to Roman alphabet uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, and the underscore (_) character.

The Unicode character range is not supported.

A name cannot begin with a digit. Some tool implementations prepend an underscore (_) to a string if the user supplies a digit as the initial character.

 

Source

Gets or sets the URI location of the WebBrowser control.

此属性可以为空，也可以指定URI地址。

HorizontalAlignment

Gets or sets the horizontal alignment characteristics that are applied to a FrameworkElement when it is composed in a layout parent, such as a panel or items control.

Member name	Description
Left	An element aligned to the left of the layout slot for the parent element.
Center	An element aligned to the center of the layout slot for the parent element.
Right	An element aligned to the right of the layout slot for the parent element.
Stretch	An element stretched to fill the entire layout slot of the parent element.

Orientation Events

PhoneApplicationPage.OnOrientationChanged Method

This method is called after the Orientation property has been changed.

Namespace:  Microsoft.Phone.Controls
Assembly:  Microsoft.Phone (in Microsoft.Phone.dll)

Occurs after the phone is rotated or the SupportedOrientations property has changed.

在MainPage.xaml.cs中重载OnOrientationChanged方法，实现特殊的控制。

using System.Windows.Controls;

using Microsoft.Phone.Controls;

 

namespace SilverlightOrientationDisplay

{

public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage

{

public MainPage()

{

InitializeComponent();

txtblk.Text = Orientation.ToString();

}

 

protected override void OnOrientationChanged(OrientationChangedEventArgs args)

{

txtblk.Text = args.Orientation.ToString();

base.OnOrientationChanged(args);

}

}

}

MainPage.xaml.cs文件中的txtblk定义在MainPage.xaml文件中的TextBlock的Name属性。MainPage.xaml中定义TextBlcok的代码如下：

<Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Margin="12,0,12,0">

<TextBlock Name="txtblk"

HorizontalAlignment="Center"

VerticalAlignment="Center" />

</Grid>

 

 

XNA横向和纵向视图显示

默认情况下，XNA for Windows Phone的后台缓冲区大小为800*480，在构造Game类中，可以设置缓冲区的大小，设置方法如下：

graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 320;

graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 480;

全屏显示模式设置方法：

graphics.IsFullScreen = true;

 

设置范围：

纵向模式 ： 240 × 240 ~ 480 × 800

横向模式 ： 800 × 480

public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game

{

GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;

 

public Game1()

{

graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);

Content.RootDirectory = "Content";

 

// Allow portrait mode as well

graphics.SupportedOrientations = DisplayOrientation.Portrait |

DisplayOrientation.LandscapeLeft |

DisplayOrientation.LandscapeRight;

 

// Frame rate is 30 fps by default for Windows Phone.

TargetElapsedTime = TimeSpan.FromTicks(333333);

}

}

 

DisplayOrientation Enumeration

Defines the display orientation

Members

Member name	Description
Default	默认方向
LandscapeLeft	逆时针方向旋转90度横向显示（宽度大于高度）
LandscapeRight	顺时针方向旋转90度横向显示（宽度大于高度）
Portrait	纵向显示（高度大于宽度）

 

Game.TargetElapsedTime Property

Gets or sets the target time between calls to Update when IsFixedTimeStep is true.

Remarks

When the game framerate is less than TargetElapsedTime, IsRunningSlowly will return true.

The default value for TargetElapsedTime is 1/60th of a second.

A fixed-step Game tries to call its Update method on the fixed interval specified in TargetElapsedTime. Setting Game.IsFixedTimeStep to true causes a Game to use a fixed-step game loop. A new XNA project uses a fixed-step game loop with a default TargetElapsedTime of 1/60th of a second.

In a fixed-step game loop, Game calls Update once the TargetElapsedTime has elapsed. After Update is called, if it is not time to call Update again, Game calls Draw. After Draw is called, if it is not time to call Update again, Game idles until it is time to call Update.

If Update takes too long to process, Game sets IsRunningSlowly totrue and calls Update again, without calling Draw in between. When an update runs longer than the TargetElapsedTime, Game responds by calling Update extra times and dropping the frames associated with those updates to catch up. This ensures that Update will have been called the expected number of times when the game loop catches up from a slowdown. You can check the value of IsRunningSlowly in your Update if you want to detect dropped frames and shorten your Update processing to compensate. You can reset the elapsed times by calling ResetElapsedTime.

When your game pauses in the debugger, Game will not make extra calls to Update when the game resumes.

TimeSpan.FromTicks Method

Returns a TimeSpan that represents a specified time, where the specification is in units of ticks.

Namespace:  System
Assembly:  mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)

public static TimeSpan FromTicks(

    long value

)

Game.TargetElapsedTime Property

Gets or sets the target time between calls to Update when IsFixedTimeStep is true.

Syntax

public TimeSpan TargetElapsedTime { get; set; }

Property Value

The target time period for the game loop.

Exceptions

Exception type	Condition
ArgumentOutOfRangeException	The value specified for TargetElapsedTime is not greater than zero. Specify a nonzero positive value.

Remarks

When the game framerate is less than TargetElapsedTime, IsRunningSlowly will return true.

The default value for TargetElapsedTime is 1/60th of a second.

A fixed-step Game tries to call its Update method on the fixed interval specified in TargetElapsedTime. Setting Game.IsFixedTimeStep to true causes a Game to use a fixed-step game loop. A new XNA project uses a fixed-step game loop with a default TargetElapsedTime of 1/60th of a second.

In a fixed-step game loop, Game calls Update once the TargetElapsedTime has elapsed. After Update is called, if it is not time to call Update again, Game calls Draw. After Draw is called, if it is not time to call Update again, Game idles until it is time to call Update.

If Update takes too long to process, Game sets IsRunningSlowly totrue and calls Update again, without calling Draw in between. When an update runs longer than the TargetElapsedTime, Game responds by calling Update extra times and dropping the frames associated with those updates to catch up. This ensures that Update will have been called the expected number of times when the game loop catches up from a slowdown. You can check the value of IsRunningSlowly in your Update if you want to detect dropped frames and shorten your Update processing to compensate. You can reset the elapsed times by calling ResetElapsedTime.

When your game pauses in the debugger, Game will not make extra calls to Update when the game resumes.