一道模板元编程题源码解答(replace_type)

今天有一同学在群上聊到一个比较好玩的题目（本人看书不多，后面才知是《C++模板元编程》第二章里面的一道习题）， 我也抱着试一试的态度去完成它， 这道题也体现了c++模板元编程的基础和精髓： 类型就是数据。

题目如下所述：

Write a ternary metafunction replace_type<c,x,y> that takes an arbitrary compound type c as its first parameter, and replaces all occurrences of a type x within c with y:

    typedef replace_type< void*, void, int >::type t1; // int*
    typedef replace_type<
        int const*[10]
      , int const
      , long
    >::type t2; // long* [10]

    typedef replace_type<
        char& (*)(char&)
      , char&
      , long&
    >::type t3; // long& (*)(long&)

下面第一部分是我的实现， 第二部分是测试代码：

1. 实现

namespace xusd{

template <typename C, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type;

template <typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type<X, X, Y>{
    typedef Y type;
};

template <typename C, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type_impl{
    typedef C type;
};

template <typename C, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type:public replace_type_impl<C, X, Y>{ };

template <typename C, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type_impl<C const, X, Y>{
    typedef typename replace_type<C, X, Y>::type const  type;
};
template <typename C, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type_impl<C volatile, X, Y>{
    typedef typename replace_type<C, X, Y>::type volatile  type;
};
template <typename C, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type_impl<C *, X, Y>{
    typedef typename replace_type<C, X, Y>::type *  type;
};

template <typename C, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type_impl<C &, X, Y>{
    typedef typename replace_type<C, X, Y>::type &  type;
};

template <typename C, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type_impl<C &&, X, Y>{
    typedef typename replace_type<C, X, Y>::type &&  type;
};

template <typename C, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type_impl<C[], X, Y>{
    typedef typename replace_type<C, X, Y>::type type[];
};

template <typename C, typename X, typename Y, unsigned N>
struct replace_type_impl<C [N], X, Y>{
    typedef typename replace_type<C, X, Y>::type type[N];
};

template <typename C, typename Class, typename X, typename Y>
struct replace_type_impl<C Class::*, X, Y>{
    typedef typename replace_type<C, X, Y>::type Class::* type;
};


template <typename R, typename X, typename Y,typename... Args>
struct replace_type_impl<R(Args...), X, Y>{
    typedef typename replace_type<R, X, Y>::type type(typename replace_type<Args, X, Y>::type...);
};

}

2. 测试

#include <type_traits>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#define MYTEST(Res, C, X , Y) EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<Res, xusd::replace_type<C, X, Y>::type >::value))

TEST(TestReplaceType, TestSimple){
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int*, xusd::replace_type<void*, void, int>::type >::value));
    MYTEST(int*, void*, void, int);
    MYTEST(long*[10], int const*[10], int const, long);

    MYTEST(int const *[10], int const*[10], char, long);
}

TEST(TestReplaceType, TestSameType){
    MYTEST(int const*[10], int const*[10], int const, int const); // X == Y

    MYTEST(long , int const*[10], int const*[10], long); // C == X
}


TEST(TestReplaceType, TestClass){
    class A;
    MYTEST(long A::* , int A::*, int, long);

    MYTEST(long (A::*)(char, long) , int (A::*)(char, int), int, long);
}
TEST(TestReplaceType, TestReference){
    MYTEST(long&&, int&&, int, long);
    MYTEST(long const&&, int const&&, int, long);
    MYTEST(long&, int&, int, long);
    MYTEST(long const&, int const&, int, long);

}
TEST(TestReplaceType, TestArray){
    MYTEST(double[], int[], int , double);
    MYTEST(double[10], int[10], int , double);
}
//TEST(TestReplaceType, TestSimple){}
TEST(TestReplaceType, TestFuntion){
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<long&(*)(long&), xusd::replace_type<char&(*)(char&), char&, long&>::type >::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<long&(*)(long&, long&), xusd::replace_type<char&(*)(char&, char&), char&, long&>::type >::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<long&(*)(long&, long&, long&), xusd::replace_type<char&(*)(char&, char&, char&), char&, long&>::type >::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<long&(*)(long&, long&, long&, long&), xusd::replace_type<char&(*)(char&, char&, char& , char&), char&, long&>::type >::value));

    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int&, xusd::replace_type<void (&)(int, long, double), void(int, long, double), int>::type >::value));
    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int*, xusd::replace_type<void (*)(int, long, double), void(int, long, double), int>::type >::value));

    EXPECT_TRUE((std::is_same<int(*)(char, char), xusd::replace_type<void (*)(int, long, double), void(int, long, double), int(char, char)>::type >::value));
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
    
    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}