一:时间模板
1)time
常用功能:
time.sleep()
time.time()
time.strftime()
import time print(time.strftime("%Y")) 得到返回值:2019(当前年份为%Y)
print(time.localtime())
得到返回值:time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=16, tm_min=49, tm_sec=36, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=100, tm_isdst=0)
2)datetime
import datetime print(datetime.datetime.now()) 得到返回值:2019-04-10 19:25:38.273968
二:系统模板
1)sys
import sys print(sys.path) print(sys.argv) sys.exit() print("aaa") 得到返回值:['C:\Users\dell-pc\PycharmProjects\untitled\pk', 'C:\Users\dell-pc\PycharmProjects\untitled', 'D:\Python37\python37.zip', 'D:\Python37\DLLs', 'D:\Python37\lib', 'D:\Python37', 'D:\Python37\lib\site-packages', 'D:\PyCharm 2018.3.1\helpers\pycharm_matplotlib_backend'] ['C:/Users/dell-pc/PycharmProjects/untitled/pk/aaa.py']
2)os
生成单级目录:os.mkdir('dirname')
生成多层目录:os.makedirs('dirname1/.../dirnamen2')
重命名:os.rename("oldname","newname")
工作目录:os.getcwd()
删除单层空目录:os.rmdir('dirname')
移除多层空目录:os.removedirs('dirname1/.../dirnamen')
列举目录下所有资源:os.listdir('dirname')
路径分隔符:os.sep
行终止符:os.linesep
文件分隔符:os.pathsep
操作系统名:os.name
操作系统环境变量:os.environ
执行shell脚本:os.system()
执行文件的当前路径:__file__
返回path规范化的绝对路径:os.path.abspath(path)
将path分割成目录和文件名二元组返回:os.path.split(path)
上一级目录:os.path.dirname(path)
最后一级名称:os.path.basename(path)
指定路径是否存在:os.path.exists(path)
是否是绝对路径:os.path.isabs(path)
是否是文件:os.path.isfile(path)
是否是路径:os.path.isdir(path)
路径拼接:os.path.join(path1[, path2[, ...]])
最后存取时间:os.path.getatime(path)
最后修改时间:os.path.getmtime(path)
目标大小:os.path.getsize(path)
三:序列化
1)json
import json try: with open("data.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f: datadic = json.load(f) except: with open("data.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f: json.dump({}, f) with open("data.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f: datadic = json.load(f) #json用于对字符串和数据类型的转化
2)pickle
import pickle with open(a, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f: c = f.read() os.remove(a) with open(a, "wb") as f: pickle.dump(c, f) #pickle用于对文件转换为bytes类型进行存储,外界看到为一串乱码,只能用wb,rb存储读取数据,相对json具有更高的保密性