1. 前言
BlockingQueue即阻塞队列,它算是一种将ReentrantLock用得非常精彩的一种表现,依据它的基本原理,我们可以实现Web中的长连接聊天功能,当然其最常用的还是用于实现生产者与消费者模式,大致如下图所示:
在Java中,BlockingQueue是一个接口,它的实现类有ArrayBlockingQueue、DelayQueue、 LinkedBlockingDeque、LinkedBlockingQueue、PriorityBlockingQueue、SynchronousQueue等,它们的区别主要体现在存储结构上或对元素操作上的不同,但是对于take与put操作的原理,却是类似的。下面的源码以ArrayBlockingQueue为例。
2. 分析
BlockingQueue内部有一个ReentrantLock,其生成了两个Condition,在ArrayBlockingQueue的属性声明中可以看见:
/** Main lock guarding all access */ final ReentrantLock lock; /** Condition for waiting takes */ private final Condition notEmpty; /** Condition for waiting puts */ private final Condition notFull; ... public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity, boolean fair) { if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); this.items = new Object[capacity]; lock = new ReentrantLock(fair); notEmpty = lock.newCondition(); notFull = lock.newCondition(); }
而如果能把notEmpty、notFull、put线程、take线程拟人的话,那么我想put与take操作可能会是下面这种流程:
put(e)
take()
其中ArrayBlockingQueue.put(E e)源码如下(其中中文注释为自定义注释,下同):
/** * Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue, waiting * for space to become available if the queue is full. * * @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc} * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc} */ public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException { checkNotNull(e); final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count == items.length) notFull.await(); // 如果队列已满,则等待 insert(e); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } /** * Inserts element at current put position, advances, and signals. * Call only when holding lock. */ private void insert(E x) { items[putIndex] = x; putIndex = inc(putIndex); ++count; notEmpty.signal(); // 有新的元素被插入,通知等待中的取走元素线程 }
ArrayBlockingQueue.take()源码如下:
public E take() throws InterruptedException { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count == 0) notEmpty.await(); // 如果队列为空,则等待 return extract(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } /** * Extracts element at current take position, advances, and signals. * Call only when holding lock. */ private E extract() { final Object[] items = this.items; E x = this.<E>cast(items[takeIndex]); items[takeIndex] = null; takeIndex = inc(takeIndex); --count; notFull.signal(); // 有新的元素被取走,通知等待中的插入元素线程 return x; }
可以看见,put(E)与take()是同步的,在put操作中,当队列满了,会阻塞put操作,直到队列中有空闲的位置。而在take操作中,当队列为空时,会阻塞take操作,直到队列中有新的元素。
而这里使用两个Condition,则可以避免调用signal()时,会唤醒相同的put或take操作。