构建一个简单的WCF应用

买了《WCF技术剖析》，按着书本的例子进行操作，写下我的操作过程。

参考博客：http://www.cnblogs.com/artech/archive/2007/02/26/656901.html

步骤一 构建整个解决方案

步骤二 创建服务契约：ICalculator.cs

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.ServiceModel; namespace xuwei.WcfServices.Contracts//服务契约 { [ServiceContract(Name="CalculatorService",Namespace="http://blog.csdn.net/xw13106209")]//将接口定义成服务契约 public interface ICalculator { [OperationContract] double Add(double x,double y); [OperationContract] double Subtract(double x,double y); [OperationContract] double Multiply(double x,double y); [OperationContract] double Divide(double x, double y); } }

步骤三 创建服务：CalculatorService.cs

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using xuwei.WcfServices.Contracts; namespace xuwei.WcfServices.Services//实现服务契约 { public class CalculatorService:ICalculator { public double Add(double x,double y) { return x + y; } public double Subtract(double x, double y) { return x - y; } public double Multiply(double x, double y) { return x * y; } public double Divide(double x, double y) { return x / y; } } }

步骤四 通过自我寄宿的方式寄宿服务：Hosting控制台中的program.cs

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using xuwei.WcfServices.Contracts; using xuwei.WcfServices.Services; using System.ServiceModel.Description; using System.ServiceModel; namespace xuwei.WcfServices.Hosting//自主服务寄宿 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { using (ServiceHost host=new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService))) { host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), new WSHttpBinding(), "http://127.0.0.1:9999/calculatorservice"); if (host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceMetadataBehavior>() == null) { ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior(); behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true; behavior.HttpGetUrl = new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:9999/calculatorservice/metadata"); host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior); } host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("CalculatorService已经启动，按任意键终止服务！"); }; host.Open(); Console.Read(); } } } }

注意1：

完成以后需要编译Hosting下的program.cs。但是在通过Ctrl+F5执行(其实可以通过右键解决方案->生成解决方案完成，不需要通过Ctrl+F5执行)的时候可能报错：

无法直接启动带有“类库输出类型”的项目，如下图所示。

这时我们需要右键Hosting，然后选择“设为启动项目”，再次执行就不会报错了。

注意2

在进行真正的WCF应用开发时，一般不会直接通过编码的方式进行终结点的添加和服务行为的定义，而是通过配置的方式进行。上面添加终结点和定义服务行为的代码可以通过如下方法进行。首先在Hosting项目中创建应用程序配置文件App.config，在App.config中添加如下配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="metadataBehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpGetUrl="http://127.0.0.1:9999/calculatorservice/metadata" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="metadataBehavior" name="xuwei.WcfServices.Services.CalculatorService"> <endpoint address="http://127.0.0.1:9999/calculatorservice" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="xuwei.WcfServices.Contracts.ICalculator" /> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel> </configuration>

如果采用了上诉的配置，服务寄宿代码将会得到极大的精简，只需包含下面几行代码：

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using xuwei.WcfServices.Contracts; using xuwei.WcfServices.Services; using System.ServiceModel.Description; using System.ServiceModel; namespace xuwei.WcfServices.Hosting//自主服务寄宿 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { using (ServiceHost host=new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService))) { //host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICalculator), new WSHttpBinding(), "http://127.0.0.1:9999/calculatorservice"); //if (host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceMetadataBehavior>() == null) //{ // ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior(); // behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true; // behavior.HttpGetUrl = new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:9999/calculatorservice/metadata"); // host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior); //} host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("CalculatorService已经启动，按任意键终止服务！"); }; host.Open(); Console.Read(); } } } }

步骤五 创建客户端调用服务：Client中的program.cs

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using xuwei.WcfService.Client.CalculatorServices; namespace xuwei.WcfService.Client { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { using (CalculatorServiceClient proxy = new CalculatorServiceClient()) { Console.WriteLine("x+y={2} when x={0} and y={1}",1,2,proxy.Add(1,2)); Console.WriteLine("x-y={2} when x={0} and y={1}", 1, 2, proxy.Subtract(1, 2)); Console.WriteLine("x*y={2} when x={0} and y={1}", 1, 2, proxy.Multiply(1, 2)); Console.WriteLine("x/y={2} when x={0} and y={1}", 1, 2, proxy.Divide(1, 2)); Console.Read(); } } } }

在执行步骤四以后E:/ms_workplace/WCF1/Hosting/bin/Debug目录下会有一个“Hosting.exe”的应用程序，双击打开该应用程序：

然后右键Client项目，选择“添加服务引用”

点击确定即可完成服务引用的添加，这时Client下就会多出一个Service Reference

双击CalculatorServices，在对象浏览器中能够看到如下视图

编译Client，会在E:/ms_workplace/WCF1/Client/bin/Debug有Client.exe，双击打开这个应用程序，会有如下结果：