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  • android ——后台下载

    这次的这个demo想要实现一个后台下载文件的功能,下载的时候会有一个告知进度的通知,

    使用的依赖库就一个:

    compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.9.0'

    大体思路是创建一个AsyncTask运行在Service中,然后活动和Service进行通信,实现开始、暂停、取消下载的功能

    所以先创建一个接口:

    public interface DownloadListener {
        //用于通知当前下载进度
        void onProgress(int progress);
    
        //用于通知下载成功
        void onSuccess();
    
        //用于通知下载失败
        void onFailed();
    
        //用于通知下载暂停
        void onPaused();
    
        //用于通知下载取消
        void onCanceled();
    }

    然后是下载这个行为的AsyncTask,AsyncTask是一个可以十分简单的从子线程切换到主线程的工具,AsyncTask是一个抽象类所以要创建一个类去继承它。

    首先AsyncTask有三个泛型参数,第一个Params是传入的参数的类型,这里需要传入的是文件下载的地址,所以设定为String类型,第二个参数是Progress后台任务执行的时候,需要显示进度时使用这里的泛型作为进度单位,所以这里设为Integer,第三个参数是Result用于反馈执行结果,这里依旧使用Integer

    还有经常需要重写的四个方法,onPreExecute()这个方法是在任务开始前进行的,它由UI线程(主线程)调用,即可以进行UI操作,这里我想要在Service中执行这个下载的任务就不需要这个方法了就略过,然后是最重要的doInBackground(Params...),这个方法是onPreExecute()完成后,立即在后台进行的,用以执行任务,并将Result传给onPostExecute(Result)。另外,在此期间,可以调用publishProgress(Progress...),这个方法能够传递一些数据给onProgressUpdate(Progress...),所以这里就需要执行下载,保存,反馈进度所有的下载逻辑,再然后就是onProgressUpdate(Progress...)这里可以使用来自doInBackground的数据,然后UI的操作,这里就用来修改通知的进度条就行了,最后就是onPostExecute(Result)根据来自doInBackground的结果用于通知最后的结果了。

    public class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Integer> {
    
        public static final int TYPE_SUCCESS = 0;
        public static final int TYPE_FAILED = 1;
        public static final int TYPE_PAUSED = 2;
        public static final int TYPE_CANCELED = 3;
    
        private  DownloadListener listener;
    
        private boolean isCanceled = false;
    
        private boolean isPaused = false;
    
        private int lastProgress;
    
        public  DownloadTask(DownloadListener listener){
            this.listener = listener;
        }
    
        @Override
        protected Integer doInBackground(String... params) {
            InputStream is = null;
            RandomAccessFile savedFile = null;
            File file = null;
            try{
                long downloadedLength = 0;//记录已经下载的文件长度
                String downloadUrl = params[0];
                String fileName = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/"));
                String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath();
                file = new File(directory + fileName);
                if(file.exists()){
                    downloadedLength = file.length();
                }
                long contentLength = getContentLength(downloadUrl);
                if(contentLength == 0){
                    return TYPE_FAILED;
                }else if(contentLength == downloadedLength){
                    //已下载字节与总文件字节相等 说明已经下载完成
                    return TYPE_SUCCESS;
                }
                OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                Request request = new Request.Builder()
                        //断点下载,指定从那个字节下载
                        .addHeader("RANGE", "bytes=" + downloadedLength + "-")
                        .url(downloadUrl)
                        .build();
                Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                if (response != null){
                    is = response.body().byteStream();
                    savedFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
                    savedFile.seek(downloadedLength);//跳过已经下载好的字节
                    byte[] b = new byte[1024];
                    int total = 0;
                    int len;
                    while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
                        if(isCanceled){
                            return TYPE_CANCELED;
                        }else if(isPaused){
                            return TYPE_PAUSED;
                        }else {
                            total += len;
                            savedFile.write(b, 0, len);
                            //计算已经下载的百分比
                            int progress = (int) ((total + downloadedLength) * 100 / contentLength);
                            publishProgress(progress);
                        }
                    }
                    response.body().close();
                    return TYPE_SUCCESS;
                }
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                try {
                    if(is != null){
                        is.close();
                    }
                    if(savedFile != null){
                        savedFile.close();
                    }
                    if (isCanceled && file != null){
                        file.delete();
                    }
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return TYPE_FAILED;
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
            int progress = values[0];
            if(progress > lastProgress){
                listener.onProgress(progress);
                lastProgress = progress;
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Integer integer) {
            switch (integer){
                case TYPE_SUCCESS:
                    listener.onSuccess();
                    break;
                case TYPE_FAILED:
                    listener.onFailed();
                    break;
                case TYPE_PAUSED:
                    listener.onPaused();
                    break;
                case TYPE_CANCELED:
                    listener.onCanceled();
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    
        public void pauseDownload(){
            isPaused = true;
        }
    
        public void cancelDownload(){
            isCanceled = true;
        }
    
        private long getContentLength(String downloadUrl) throws IOException{
            OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
            Request request = new Request.Builder()
                    .url(downloadUrl)
                    .build();
            Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
            if(response != null && response.isSuccessful()){
                long contentLength = response.body().contentLength();
                response.body().close();
                return contentLength;
            }
            return  0;
        }
    }

    具体其中下载时候 保存、断点下载、中断的逻辑下次再说吧==。

    然后是Service,Service的使用同样需要创建一个类来继承Service,这次的主题是Service,其实应该写点小demo探究生命周期什么的==,算了以后弄把,这次改标题就好了。然后这次是想要使用服务执行一个任务,然后让活动绑定这个服务,然后使用服务中的提供的接口实现开始、暂停、取消的功能,

    绑定服务是 Service 类的实现,可让其他应用与其绑定和交互。要提供服务绑定,您必须实现 onBind() 回调方法。该方法返回的 IBinder 对象定义了客户端用来与服务进行交互的编程接口。
    客户端可通过调用 bindService() 绑定到服务。调用时,它必须提供 ServiceConnection 的实现,后者会监控与服务的连接。bindService() 方法会立即无值返回,
    但当 Android 系统创建客户端与服务之间的连接时,会对 ServiceConnection 调用 onServiceConnected(),向客户端传递用来与服务通信的 IBinder。

    这是google文档中的描述,意思就是这个子类中要重写的方法只有onBind(),这个方法会返回一个IBinder对象,意思就是创建一个内部类继承自Binder,这个类里面的方法就需要实现开始、暂停、取消。然后使用这个类创建一个名为的IBinder对象在onBind()中返回就好了

    public class DownloadService extends Service {
    
        private  DownloadTask downloadTask;
    
        private  String downloadUrl;
    
        private DownloadListener listener = new DownloadListener() {
            @Override
            public void onProgress(int progress) {
                getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("Downloading...", progress));
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onSuccess() {
                downloadTask =null;
                //下载成功后将前台服务通知关闭,并创建一个下载成功的通知
                stopForeground(true);
                getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("下载中", -1));
                Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onFailed() {
                downloadTask =null;
                //下载失败后将前台服务通知关闭,并创建一个下载成功的通知
                stopForeground(true);
                getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("下载失败", -1));
                Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onPaused() {
                downloadTask = null;
                Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载暂停", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onCanceled() {
                downloadTask = null;
                stopForeground(true);
                Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载取消", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        };
    
        private DownloadBinder mBinder = new DownloadBinder();
    
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            return mBinder;
        }
    
        class DownloadBinder extends Binder{
    
            public void startDownload(String url){
                if(downloadTask == null){
                    downloadUrl = url;
                    downloadTask = new DownloadTask(listener);
                    downloadTask.execute(downloadUrl);
                    startForeground(1,getNotification("Downloading...", 0));
                    Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载中", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
    
            public void pauseDownload(){
                if(downloadTask != null){
                    downloadTask.pauseDownload();
                }
            }
    
    
    
            public void cancelDownload(){
                if(downloadTask != null){
                    downloadTask.cancelDownload();
                }else {
                    if(downloadUrl != null){
                        //取消下载时需要将文件删除
                        String fileName = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/"));
                        String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath();
                        File file = new File(directory + fileName);
                        if(file.exists()){
                            file.delete();
                        }
                        getNotificationManager().cancel(1);
                        stopForeground(true);
                        Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "取消", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
    
        private NotificationManager getNotificationManager(){
            return (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        }
    
        private Notification getNotification(String title, int progress){
            Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
            PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0);
            NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);
            builder.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
            builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher));
            builder.setContentIntent(pi);
            builder.setContentTitle(title);
            if(progress > 0){
                //当进度大于0或者等于0的时候才显示下载进度
                builder.setContentText(progress + "%");
                builder.setProgress(100, progress , false);
            }
            return builder.build();
        }
    }

    然后就是活动了,活动中要实现的就是控制服务中的任务,

            Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
            startService(intent);//启动服务
            bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);//绑定服务

    首先是启动和绑定这个服务。其中的connection是一个需要重写的匿名类

        private DownloadService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder;
    
        private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
            @Override
            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
                downloadBinder = (DownloadService.DownloadBinder) iBinder;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
    
            }
        };

    downloadBinder就是在服务中创建的类,这里的绑定只需要把服务返回的iBinder实例化即可。

    整体的代码是这样:

    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        private DownloadService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder;
    
        private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
            @Override
            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
                downloadBinder = (DownloadService.DownloadBinder) iBinder;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
    
            }
        };
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            Button startDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_download);
            Button pauseDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pause_download);
            Button cancelDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel_download);
    
            Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
            startService(intent);//启动服务
            bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);//绑定服务
            if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
            }
    
            startDownload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View view) {
                    String url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/guolindev/eclipse/master/eclipse-inst-win64.exe";
                    downloadBinder.startDownload(url);
                }
            });
    
            pauseDownload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View view) {
                    downloadBinder.pauseDownload();
                }
            });
    
            cancelDownload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View view) {
                    downloadBinder.cancelDownload();
                }
            });
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
            switch (requestCode){
                case 1:
                    if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                        Toast.makeText(this, "拒绝权限将无法使用程序",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        finish();
                    }
                    break;
                default:
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            unbindService(connection);
        }
    }

    然后还有注意权限的申请

    <manifest 
        ...
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
       ...
    </manifest>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xxbbtt/p/7624377.html
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