基本数据类型
一、整型
如： 18、73、84
二、长整型
如：2147483649、9223372036854775807
三、浮点型
如：3.14、2.88
四、字符串
如：'wupeiqi'、'alex'、'lzl'
1、字符串常用功能:
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#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-#-Author-Lian#str功能操作name = "my name is lzl"print(name.capitalize()) #首字母大写#My name is lzlprint(name.count("l")) #统计字符串出现某个字符的个数#2print(name.center(30,"-")) #打印30个字符，不够的-补齐#--------my name is lzl--------print(name.ljust(30,"-")) #打印30个字符，不够的-补齐，字符串在左边#my name is lzl----------------print(name.endswith("lzl")) #判断字符串是否以lzl结尾#Trueprint(name[name.find("na"):]) #find寻找na所在的索引下标 字符串也可以切片#name is lzlprint("5.3".isdigit()) #判断字符是否为整数#Falseprint("a_1A".isidentifier()) #判断是不是一个合法的标识符（变量名）#Trueprint("+".join(["1","2","3"])) #把join后的内容加入到前面字符串中，以+为分割符#1+2+3print("\nlzl".strip()) #去换行符#lzlprint("1+2+3+4".split("+")) #以+为分隔符生成新的列表，默认不写为空格#['1', '2', '3', '4']name = "my name is {name} and i an {year} old"print(name.format(name="lzl",year=20)#my name is lzl and i an 20 oldprint(name.format_map({"name":"lzl","year":20})) #很少用#my name is lzl and i an 20 oldp = str.maketrans("abcdefli","12345678") #转换 一一对应print("lianzhilei".translate(p))#781nzh8758 |
五、列表
如：[11,22,33,44,55]、['wupeiqi', 'alex','lzl']
1、创建列表：
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#两种创建方式name_list = ['alex', 'seven', 'eric']print(name_list)# ['alex', 'seven', 'eric']name_list = list(['alex', 'seven', 'eric'])print(name_list)# ['alex', 'seven', 'eric'] |
2、列表类常用功能：
① 切片
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name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"]print(name_list[0:3]) #取下标0至下标3之间的元素，包括0，不包括3#['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric']print(name_list[:3]) #:前什么都不写，表示从0开始，效果跟上句一样#['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric']print(name_list[3:]) #:后什么不写，表示取值到最后#['Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy']print(name_list[:]) #:前后都不写，表示取值所有#['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy']print(name_list[-3:-1]) #从-3开始到-1，包括-3，不包括-1#['Rain', 'Tom']print(name_list[1:-1]) #从1开始到-1，下标有正有负时，正数在前负数在后#['Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom']print(name_list[::2]) #2表示，每个1个元素，就取一个#['Alex', 'Eric', 'Tom']#注：[-1:0] [0:0] [-1:2] 都是空 |
② 追加
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name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"]name_list.append("new") #append追加，加到最后，只能添加一个print(name_list)#['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy', 'new'] |
③ 插入
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#插入name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"]name_list.insert(3,"new") #insert插入,把"new"加到下标3的位置print(name_list) |
④ 修改
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#修改name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"]name_list[2] = "lzl" #把下标2的字符串换成lzlprint(name_list) |
⑤ 删除
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#3种删除方式name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"]del name_list[3] #del删除，指定要删除的下标print(name_list)#['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Tom', 'Amy']name_list.remove("Tenglan") #remove删除，指定要删除的字符print(name_list)#['Alex', 'Eric', 'Tom', 'Amy']name_list.pop() #pop删除，删除列表最后一个值print(name_list)#['Alex', 'Eric', 'Tom'] |
⑥ 扩展
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name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"]age_list = [11,22,33]name_list.extend(age_list) #extend扩展,把列表age_list添加到name_list列表print(name_list) |
⑦ 拷贝
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name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"]copy_list = name_list.copy() #copy拷贝，对列表进行复制print(copy_list)#注：博客最下有关于深浅copy的详细区分 |
⑧ 统计
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name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Amy","Tom","Amy"]print(name_list.count("Amy")) #count统计,统计列表Amy的个数#2 |
⑨ 排序和翻转
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name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy","1","2","3"]name_list.sort() #sort排序，对列表进行排序print(name_list)#['1', '2', '3', 'Alex', 'Amy', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tenglan', 'Tom']name_list.reverse() #reverse翻转，对列表进行翻转print(name_list)#['Tom', 'Tenglan', 'Rain', 'Eric', 'Amy', 'Alex', '3', '2', '1'] |
⑩ 获取下标
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name_list = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"]print(name_list.index("Tenglan")) #index索引,获取字符的下标#1 |
六、元组
如：(11,22,33,44,55)、('wupeiqi', 'alex','lzl')
1、创建元组：
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#5种创建方式age = 11,22,33,44,55 #直接写数字或者字符串，默认创建类型元组 字符串类型用引号'lzl'#输出： (11, 22, 33, 44, 55) age = (11,22,33,44,55) #常见命名方式,()指定类型元组#输出： (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)age = tuple((11,22,33,44,55)) #tuple 以类的方式创建(()) 双括号 里面的()不可去掉#输出： (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)age = tuple([11,22,33,44,55]) #同(()) 效果一样 很少用 忘记它#输出： (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)age = tuple({11,22,33,44,55}) #({})创建的元组，随机排列 没卵用#输出： (33, 11, 44, 22, 55) |
2、元组类常用功能：
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##count #统计元组字符出现的次数 name = ('wupeiqi', 'alex','lzl')print(name.count('alex')) # 1##index #查看字符串所在的索引位置name = ('wupeiqi', 'alex','lzl')print(name.index('lzl')) # 2 |
七、字典 无序
如：{'name': 'wupeiqi', 'age': 18} 、{'host': '2.2.2.2', 'port': 80}
注：字典一种key：value 的数据类型，也称键值对。字典dict是无序的，key值必须是唯一的，不能有重复。循环时，默认循环的是key
1、创建字典
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#两种创建方式：info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}print(info_dic)#{'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1101': 'TengLan Wu', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'}info_dic = dict({'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",})print(info_dic)#{'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola', 'stu1101': 'TengLan Wu', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'} |
2、字典类常用功能：
① 增加
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info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}info_dic['stu1104'] = "JingKong Cang" #增加print(info_dic) |
② 修改
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info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}info_dic["stu1101"] = "Jingkong Cang" #有相应的key时为修改，没有为增加print(info_dic) |
③ 删除
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#3种删除方式info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}info_dic.pop('stu1101') #pop删除,指定删除的keyprint(info_dic)#{'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya', 'stu1102': 'LongZe Luola'}del info_dic['stu1102'] #del删除，指定删除的keyprint(info_dic)#{'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'}info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}info_dic.popitem() #随机删除，没卵用print(info_dic)#{'stu1101': 'TengLan Wu', 'stu1103': 'XiaoZe Maliya'} |
④ 查找value值
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info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}print(info_dic.get('stu1102')) #get查找，通过key查找value值#LongZe Luolaprint(info_dic['stu1102']) #通过key直接查找，但是如果输入查找的key不存在的话，就会报错，get则不会#LongZe Luola |
⑤ 字典多级嵌套
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av_catalog = { "欧美":{ "www.youporn.com": ["很多免费的,世界最大的","质量一般"], "www.pornhub.com": ["很多免费的,也很大","质量比yourporn高点"], "letmedothistoyou.com": ["多是自拍,高质量图片很多","资源不多,更新慢"], "x-art.com":["质量很高,真的很高","全部收费,屌比请绕过"] }, "日韩":{ "tokyo-hot":["质量怎样不清楚,个人已经不喜欢日韩范了","听说是收费的"] }, "大陆":{ "1024":["全部免费,真好,好人一生平安","服务器在国外,慢"] }}av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"][1] += ",可以用爬虫爬下来"print(av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"])#['全部免费,真好,好人一生平安', '服务器在国外,慢,可以用爬虫爬下来'] |
⑥ 循环
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info_dic = {'stu1101': "TengLan Wu",'stu1102': "LongZe Luola",'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya",}for stu_nu in info_dic: print(stu_nu,info_dic[stu_nu]) #循环默认提取的是key#stu1103 XiaoZe Maliya#stu1101 TengLan Wu#stu1102 LongZe Luolafor k,v in info_dic.items(): #先把dict生成list，数据量大的时候费时，不建议使用 print(k,v)#stu1103 XiaoZe Maliya#stu1101 TengLan Wu#stu1102 LongZe Luola |
八、集合
如：{'lzl', 33, 'alex', 22, 'eric', 'wupeiqi', 11}
注：集合是一个无序的，不重复的数据组合。去重性，把一个列表变成集合，就自动去重了。关系测试，测试两组数据之前的交集、差集、并集
1、创建集合
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#标准创建方式info_set = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])print(info_set,type(info_set))#{33, 11, 'wupeiqi', 'lzl', 'alex', 'eric', 22} <class 'set'> |
2、集合类常用功能
① 添加
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#添加的两种方式set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl"])set_1.add(11) #add只能添加一个元素print(set_1)#{'alex', 'lzl', 'eric', 11, 'wupeiqi'}set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl"])set_1.update([11,22,33])print(set_1) #update可以添加多个元素#{33, 11, 'alex', 'wupeiqi', 'eric', 22, 'lzl'} |
② 删除
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#删除的三种方式set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])set_1.remove("alex") #remove 删除指定元素print(set_1)#{'eric', 33, 'lzl', 11, 22, 'wupeiqi'}set_1.pop() #pop 随机删除元素print(set_1)#{33, 'wupeiqi', 11, 22, 'lzl'}set_1.discard("lzl") #discard 删除指定元素，与remove区别在于，如果元素不存在也不会报错set_1.discard(55)print(set_1)#{33, 'wupeiqi', 11, 22} |
3、集合关系测试
① 交集
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#交集set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])print(set_1.intersection(set_2)) #intersection 取两个set的交集 set_1和set_2可以互换位置#{33, 11, 22} |
② 并集
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#并集set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])print(set_1.union(set_2)) #union 取两个set集合的并集 set_1和set_2可以互换位置#{33, 66, 11, 44, 'eric', 55, 'lzl', 22, 'wupeiqi', 'alex'} |
③ 差集
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#差集set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])print(set_1.difference(set_2)) #difference 取两个set集合的差集 set_1有但是set_2没有的集合#{'lzl', 'eric', 'wupeiqi', 'alex'} |
④ 子集、父集
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#子集set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])set_3 = set([11,22,33])print(set_1.issubset(set_2)) #issubset 子集#Falseprint(set_1.issuperset(set_3)) #issuperset 父集#True |
⑤ 对称差集
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#对称差集set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])print(set_1.symmetric_difference(set_2)) #symmetric_difference 对称差集=两个集合并集减去合集#{66, 'lzl', 'eric', 'alex', 55, 'wupeiqi', 44} |
⑥ 运算符做关系测试
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#运算符做关系测试set_1 = set(["alex","wupeiqi","eric","lzl",11,22,33])set_2 = set([11,22,33,44,55,66])set_union = set_1 | set_2 # 并集set_intersection = set_1 & set_2 # 交集set_difference = set_1 - set_2 # 差集set_symmetric_difference = set_1 ^ set_2 # 对称差集 |