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  • 11.11动手动脑

    动手动脑1:请阅读并运行AboutException.java示例,然后通过后面的几页PPT了解Java中实现异常处理的基础知识。

    源码:

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    import javax.swing.*;
     
    class AboutException {
       public static void main(String[] a)
       {
          int i=1, j=0, k;
          k=i/j;
     
     
        try
        {
             
            k = i/j;    // Causes division-by-zero exception
            //throw new Exception("Hello.Exception!");
        }
         
        catch ( ArithmeticException e)
        {
            System.out.println("被0除.  "+ e.getMessage());
        }
         
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            if (e instanceof ArithmeticException)
                System.out.println("被0除");
            else
            
                System.out.println(e.getMessage());
                 
            }
        }
     
         
        finally
         {
                JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"OK");
         }
             
      }
    }

      运行结果:

    注释掉第一个 k = i / j;

    知识:

    1.Try{ //可能发生运行错误的代码; } catch(异常类型 异常对象引用){ //用于处理异常的代码 } finally{ //用于“善后” 的代码 }

    2.使用Java异常处理机制

    把可能会发生错误的代码放进try语句块中。 当程序检测到出现了一个错误时会抛出一个异常对象。异常处理代码会捕获并处理这个错误。 catch语句块中的代码用于处理错误。 当异常发生时,程序控制流程由try语句块跳转到catch语句块。 不管是否有异常发生,finally语句块中的语句始终保证被执行。 如果没有提供合适的异常处理代码,JVM将会结束掉整个应用程序。

    动手动脑2:阅读以下代码(CatchWho.java),写出程序运行结果:

    源代码:

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    public class CatchWho {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                    try {
                        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
                    }
                    catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                        System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" "/内层try-catch");
                    }
      
                throw new ArithmeticException();
            }
            catch(ArithmeticException e) {
                System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");
            }
            catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
               System.out.println(  "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch");
            }
        }
    }

      运行结果:

    ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException/内层try-catch
    发生ArithmeticException

    动手动脑3:写出CatchWho2.java程序运行的结果

    源代码:

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    public class CatchWho2 {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                    try {
                        throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
                    }
                    catch(ArithmeticException e) {
                        System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/内层try-catch");
                    }
                throw new ArithmeticException();
            }
            catch(ArithmeticException e) {
                System.out.println("发生ArithmeticException");
            }
            catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
                System.out.println( "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException" + "/外层try-catch");
            }
        }
    }

      运行结果:

    ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException/外层try-catch

    动手动脑4:当有多个嵌套的try…catch…finally时,要特别注意finally的执行时机。 请先阅读 EmbedFinally.java示例,再运行它,观察其输出并进行总结。 特别注意: 当有多层嵌套的finally时,异常在不同的层次抛出 ,在不同的位置抛出,可能会导致不同的finally语句块执行顺序。

    源代码:

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    public class EmbededFinally {
     
         
        public static void main(String args[]) {
             
            int result;
             
            try {
                 
                System.out.println("in Level 1");
     
                
                try {
                     
                    System.out.println("in Level 2");
      // result=100/0;  //Level 2
                    
                    try {
                        
                        System.out.println("in Level 3");
                           
                        result=100/0//Level 3
                     
                    }
                     
                    catch (Exception e) {
                         
                        System.out.println("Level 3:" + e.getClass().toString());
                     
                    }
                     
                     
                    finally {
                         
                        System.out.println("In Level 3 finally");
                     
                    }
                     
                    
                    // result=100/0;  //Level 2
     
                 
                    }
                 
                catch (Exception e) {
                    
                    System.out.println("Level 2:" + e.getClass().toString());
                
                }
                finally {
                     
                    System.out.println("In Level 2 finally");
                
                 }
                  
                // result = 100 / 0;  //level 1
             
            }
             
            catch (Exception e) {
                 
                System.out.println("Level 1:" + e.getClass().toString());
             
            }
             
            finally {
                
                System.out.println("In Level 1 finally");
             
            }
         
        }
     
    }

      运行结果:

    经过多次修改result = 100 / 0;的位置,可以得知将会跳过剩下的所有直到遇到第一个catch处理错误。继续运行剩下的。

    动手动脑5:辨析:finally语句块一定会执行吗? 请通过 SystemExitAndFinally.java示例程序回答上述问题

    源代码:

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    public class SystemExitAndFinally {
     
         
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
             
            try{
     
                 
                System.out.println("in main");
                 
                throw new Exception("Exception is thrown in main");
     
                        //System.exit(0);
     
             
            }
             
            catch(Exception e)
     
                {
                 
                System.out.println(e.getMessage());
                 
                System.exit(0);
             
            }
             
            finally
             
            {
                 
                System.out.println("in finally");
             
            }
         
        }
     
     
    }

      运行结果:

    System.exit(0);可以结束一切但是不可以阻止catch异常。

    课后作业:编写一个程序,此程序在运行时要求用户输入一个 整数,代表某门课的考试成绩,程序接着给出“不及格”、“及格”、“中”、“良”、“优”的结论。 要求程序必须具备足够的健壮性,不管用户输入什 么样的内容,都不会崩溃。

    源代码:

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    package T9;
     
    import java.util.Scanner;
     
    class MyException extends Exception//输入异常
    {
        public MyException()
        {
             
        }
        public MyException(String msg)
        {
            super(msg);
        }
    }
     
    public class Score {
     
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
            String str = null;
            double score = 0;
            boolean flag = false;//判断输入格式正确
             
            System.out.print("请输入成绩(0-100):");
            while(!flag)
            {
                try{
                    str = s.next();
                    for(int i = 0;i < str.length();i++)//判断输入的是不是double
                    {
                        if(str.length() == 1 && str.charAt(i) == '.')
                            throw new MyException("数字格式异常!");
                        if((str.charAt(i) >= '0' && str.charAt(i) <= '9') || str.charAt(i) == '.')
                            ;
                        else
                            throw new MyException("数字格式异常!");
                        if(i == str.length() - 1)
                        {
                            score = Double.parseDouble(str);
                            if(score > 100.0 || score < 0.0)
                                throw new MyException("数字超出范围!");
                            else
                                flag = true;
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch(MyException e)//异常处理
                {
                    System.out.print(e.getMessage());
                    System.out.print("请重新输入:");
                }
            }
             
            if(score >= 90)
                System.out.println("优!");
            else if(score >= 80)
                System.out.println("良!");
            else if(score >= 70)
                System.out.println("中!");
            else if(score >= 60)
                System.out.println("及格!");
            else
                System.out.println("不及格!");
        }
     
    }

      

      运行结果:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yang-qiu/p/9943387.html
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