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  • C和指针 第六章 习题

    6。1编写一个函数,它在一个字符串中进行搜索,查找所有在一个给定字符集中出现的字符,返回第一个找到的字符位置指针,未找到返回NULL

    #include <stdio.h>
    
    char * find_char(char const *source, char const *chars)
    {
    	char const *sptr = source;
    	char const *cptr = chars;
    
    	if (sptr == NULL || cptr == NULL) {
    		return NULL;
    	}
    
    	while (*sptr != '') {
    		cptr = chars;
    		while (*cptr != '') {
    			if (*cptr == *sptr) {
                       //找到打印source地址 printf("chars:0x%p ", chars); //返回类型为 char *,此处类型转换一下把char const *转换回来 return (char *)cptr; } cptr++; } sptr++; } return NULL; }

     

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include "function.h"
    
    int main()
    {
    	char *source = "ABCDEF";
    	char *str1 = "XYZ";
    	char *str2 = "XRCQEF";
    	char *chars = str1;
    	char *ptr = NULL;
            //没有对应的字符
    	ptr = find_char(source, chars);
    	printf("0x%p
    ", ptr);
            //对应的字符C,第三个
    	chars = str2;
    	ptr = find_char(source, chars);
    	printf("0x%p
    ", ptr);
    
    	while (1)
    		;
    	return 0;
    }
    

      执行结果:

    6.2删除字符串中子串部分,将剩下部分前移。

    int del_substr(char *str, char const *substr)
    {
    	if (str == NULL || substr == NULL) {
    		return 0;
    	}
           //将数组首位赋值给指针数组
    	char *source = str;
    	char *sub = substr;
    	char *tmp = NULL;
    
    	while (*source != '') {
    		//将指针重置指向子串首
    		sub = substr;
    		//使用临时变量进行对比,保持source位置信息不变
    		tmp = source;
    		//当遇到相同的字符,开始比较之后是否相同
    		while (*tmp++ == *sub++) {
    			//循环中已经sub++了,到达末尾,证明找到子串,开始前移
    			if (*sub == '') {
    				//未到达字符串末尾,继续前移
    				while (*(tmp + 1) != '') {
    					*source = *tmp;
    				}
    				return 1;
    			}
    		}
    		source++;
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    
    int main()
    {
    	char *source = "ABCDEF";
    	char *str1 = "CGE";
    	char *str2 = "CDE";
    	int isDel;
            //无子串
    	isDel = del_substr(source, str1);
    	printf("del_substr: %d
    ", isDel);
            //有子串
    	isDel = del_substr(source, str2);
    	printf("del_substr: %d
    ", isDel);
    
    	while (1)
    		;
    	return 0;
    }
    

    执行结果:

    6.3 编写函数reverse_string,翻转字符串。

    void reverse_string(char *string)
    {
    	//先定义两个指针,一个指向首一个指向末尾
    	char *head = string;
    	//string本身指向第一位,加上字符串长度后是指向后的,所以需要前移,指向最后一个字符
    	char *tail = string + strlen(string) - 1;
    	char tmp;
    
    	//同一数组内可以进行指针位置对比
    	while (head < tail) {
    		tmp = *head;
    		*head = *tail;
    		*tail = tmp;
    		head++;
    		tail--;
    	}
    }
    
    int main()
    {
    	char source[] = "ABCDEF";
    	printf("source: %s
    ", source);
    
    	reverse_string(source);
    	printf("result: %s
    ", source);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    

      执行结果:

    6.4 Eratosthenes法找质数,第一步写下2至某个上线之间的所有的数,第二步开始剔除不是质数的整数,找到列表第一个不被剔除的数(就是2)然后将表后面所有逢双的数都剔除,因为都可以被2整除,所以不是质数,然后回到表头,此时表头尚未被剔除的是三,然后每逢三位剔除,反复进行最后都是质数。

    void find_primer(int *numbers, int length)
    {
            //0 1 不为质数
    	numbers[0] = FALSE;
    	numbers[1] = FALSE;
    
    	int tmp;
    	int loc;
    	int index = 2;
    
    	while (index < length) {
    		tmp = index;                
                    //当前头部找到的质数,和后面的数相乘的结果对应的位置全部不是质数。
    		while ( (tmp += index) < length) {
    			*(numbers + tmp) = FALSE;
    		}
    		index++;
    	}
    
    }
    
    int main()
    {
    	int numbers[10000];
    	for (int index = 0; index < 10000; index++) {
    		numbers[index] = TRUE;
    	}
    
    	find_primer(numbers, 10000);
    
    	for (int index = 0; index < 10000; index++) {
    		if (numbers[index]) {
    			printf("%-08d", index);
    		}
    	}
    
    	return 0;
    }
    

      运行结果:

     6.5利用第五章的位数组求质数

    位数组:

    //字符偏移
    unsigned int char_offset(unsigned bit_number)
    {
    	return bit_number / CHAR_BIT;
    }
    
    //bit位偏移
    unsigned int bit_offset(unsigned bit_number)
    {
    	return bit_number % CHAR_BIT;
    }
    
    void set_bit(char bit_array[], unsigned bit_number)
    {
    	bit_array[char_offset(bit_number)] |= 1 << bit_offset(bit_number);
    }
    
    void clear_bit(char bit_array[], unsigned bit_number)
    {
    	bit_array[char_offset(bit_number)] &= ~(1 << bit_offset(bit_number));
    }
    
    void assign_bit(char bit_array[], unsigned bit_number, int value)
    {
    	if (value != 0) {
    		set_bit(bit_array, bit_number);
    	}
    	else {
    		clear_bit(bit_array, bit_number);
    	}
    }
    
    int test_bit(char bit_array[], unsigned bit_number)
    {
    	//对该bit位进行与操作,如果是1则结果还是 1<< (bit_number % CHAR_BIT)
    	return (bit_array[char_offset(bit_number)] & (1 << bit_offset(bit_number))) != 0;
    }
    

    位数组求质数:

    void find_primer_bit(char bit_array[], unsigned long int length)
    {
    	clear_bit(bit_array, 0);
    	clear_bit(bit_array, 1);
    
    	unsigned int tmp;
    	unsigned int loc;
    	unsigned int index = 2;
    
    	while (index < length) {
    		tmp = index;
    		//没逢index位置0
    		while ( (tmp += index) < length) {
    			clear_bit(bit_array, tmp);
    		}
    		index++;
    	}
    }
    #define MAX_LEN 1000000
    #define MAX_ARR_SIZE (MAX_LEN / 8)
    
    int main()
    {
    	char bit_array[MAX_ARR_SIZE];
    	unsigned int count = 0;
    	unsigned int index = 0;
    	unsigned int total = 0;
    	while (index < MAX_ARR_SIZE) {
    		bit_array[index++] = 0xff;
    	}
    
    	find_primer_bit(bit_array, MAX_LEN);
    
    	index = 1;
    	while (index < MAX_LEN) {
    		if (test_bit(bit_array, index)) {
    			total++;
    			printf("%-8d", index);
    		}
    		index++;
    	}
    
    	printf("
    共计: %d 个质数 
    ", total);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    

      

    执行结果

    检测一下是否正确:

     

    1000000万内有78498个质数

    6.6计算每隔1000位质数个数:

    统计一下每隔100000的质数

    #define MAX_LEN 1000000
    #define MAX_ARR_SIZE (MAX_LEN / 8)
    int main()
    {
    	char bit_array[MAX_ARR_SIZE];
    	unsigned int count = 0;
    	unsigned int index = 0;
    	unsigned int total = 0;
    	unsigned int limit = 100000;
    	while (index < MAX_ARR_SIZE) {
    		bit_array[index++] = 0xff;
    	}
    	find_primer_bit(bit_array, MAX_LEN);
    
    	index = 0;
    	while (index < MAX_LEN) {
    		if (index == limit) {
    			printf("%-6d %-6d avg: %5.2f
    ", index - 100000, index, (float)count / 100);
    			count = 0;
    			limit += 100000;
    		}
    		if (test_bit(bit_array, index)) {
    			count++;
    			total++;
    		}
    		index++;
    	}
    
    	printf("
    共计: %d 个质数 
    ", total);
    	while (1)
    		;
    	return 0;
    }
    

      

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yangxunwu1992/p/5774722.html
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