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  • 简述HTML和CSS

    (本文仅为平时学习记录,若有错误请大佬指出,如果本文能帮到你那我也是很开心啦)

     

    一、前端语言

    HTML:超文本标记语言,不是编程语言,标签语言,显示数据;有双标签(有开始有结束,<body></body>)和单标签<img src= # />;通过浏览器解析HTML代码,在<body>标签里的数据会被显示出来,决定页面显示什么数据

    CSS:层叠式样式表,决定页面怎么显示元素,决定页面的布局

     

    二、HTML

    1.基本框架

    1 <!DOCTYPE html> 
    2 <html>
    3 <head>
    4     <title>标题</title>  
    5 </head>  
    6 <body>
    7 显示数据
    8 </body><!--这里是注释;快速注释:command或ctrl+/-->
    9 </html>

    2.编译器:VS code  Sublime  notepad++

    3.HTML中常用的标签

     1 <h1>--<h6>  标题
     2 <h1>这是标题1</h1>
     3 <hr>  横线
     4 <br>  换行
     5 <title></title>  标题头显示
     6 <p></p>  段落标签,会自动换行
     7 <a href=”http://www.baidu.com”>百度一下</a>  链接标签
     8 <img src=””>可以是本地路径,也可以是网络链接  图片链接标签
     9 <img src=”#” width=”100” height=”100” />
    10 <table></table>  表格
    11 <tr></tr>  表示行
    12 <td></tr>  表示列
    13 <th></th>  表头,内容加粗居中
    14 <ul></ul>  无序列表
    15 <ol></ol>  有序列表
    16 <form></form>  表单
    17 <div></div>:块级元素,用于组合其他元素,方便统一设置属性或样式

    4.HTML的元素分类

    • 块级元素:标签元素会以新行开始或结束,如<h1><p><table>等等,当前元素标签要独占一行
    • 内联元素:显示数据时不会以新行开始,如<a><img><td>等等,元素会堆积在一起

    5.HTML的布局:设计网页时,考虑到页面的美观,会设置页面局部或整体的一个布局

    • 使用<table></table>或<div></div>来布局

    6.HTML的事件:

    需要触发某些动作的发送,需要事件的支持

    7.用HTML制作简单的网页

    • 表格:样图如下

    • 代码如下
      1 <!DOCTYPE html>
      2 <html>
      3 <head>
      4     <title>受理员业务统计表</title>
      5     <meta charset="utf-8">
      6 </head>
      7 <body>
      8     <table width="100%" style="font-synthesis: 微软雅黑;">
      9         <tr>
     10             <td align="center" 
     11             style="
     12             font-synthesis: 微软雅黑;
     13             font-size: 26px;
     14             color: #255e95;
     15             border-bottom: 1px dashed #cccccc">
     16             受理员业务统计表
     17             </td>
     18         </tr>
     19         <tr>
     20             <td align="right" height="50">
     21             2017-01-02---2017-05-02
     22             </td>
     23         </tr>
     24     </table>
     25     <table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10">
     26         <tr bgcolor="#84C1FF">
     27             <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">受理员</th>
     28             <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">受理数</th>
     29             <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">自办数</th>
     30             <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">直接解答</th>
     31             <th colspan="2">拟办意见</th>
     32             <th colspan="2">返回修改</th>
     33             <th colspan="3">工单类型</th>
     34         </tr>
     35         <tr bgcolor="#84C1FF">
     36             <td align="center">同意</td>
     37             <td align="center">比例</td>
     38             <td align="center">数量</td>
     39             <td align="center">比例</td>
     40             <td align="center">建议件</td>
     41             <td align="center">诉求件</td>
     42             <td align="center">咨询件</td>
     43         </tr>
     44         <tr>
     45             <td align="center" rowspan="8" bgcolor="#C4E1FF">受理处</td>
     46             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">王艳</td>
     47             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     48             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     49             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     50             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     51             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     52             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     53             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     54             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     55             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     56             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     57         </tr>
     58         <tr>
     59             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">&nbsp;</td>
     60             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     61             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     62             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     63             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     64             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     65             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     66             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     67             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     68             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     69             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     70         </tr>
     71         <tr>
     72             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">&nbsp;</td>
     73             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     74             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     75             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     76             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     77             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     78             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     79             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     80             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     81             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     82             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     83         </tr>
     84         <tr>
     85             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">&nbsp;</td>
     86             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     87             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     88             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
     89             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     90             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     91             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     92             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     93             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     94             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     95             <td>&nbsp;</td>
     96         </tr>
     97         <tr>
     98             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">&nbsp;</td>
     99             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    100             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    101             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    102             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    103             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    104             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    105             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    106             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    107             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    108             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    109         </tr>
    110         <tr>
    111             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">&nbsp;</td>
    112             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    113             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    114             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    115             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    116             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    117             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    118             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    119             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    120             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    121             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    122         </tr>
    123         <tr>
    124             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">&nbsp;</td>
    125             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    126             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    127             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    128             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    129             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    130             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    131             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    132             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    133             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    134             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    135         </tr>
    136         <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFAA">
    137             <td>总计</td>
    138             <td colspan="2">20</td>
    139             <td colspan="2">20</td>
    140             <td colspan="2">20</td>
    141             <td>20</td>
    142             <td>20</td>
    143             <td>20</td>
    144             <td>20</td>
    145             <td>20</td>
    146             <td>20</td>
    147             <td>20</td>
    148         </tr>
    149         <tr>
    150             <td align="center" rowspan="8" bgcolor="#C4E1FF">话务组</td>
    151             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">王艳</td>
    152             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    153             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    154             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    155             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    156             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    157             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    158             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    159             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    160             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    161             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    162         </tr>
    163         <tr>
    164             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">王艳</td>
    165             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    166             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    167             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    168             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    169             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    170             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    171             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    172             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    173             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    174             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    175         </tr>
    176         <tr>
    177             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">王艳</td>
    178             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    179             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    180             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    181             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    182             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    183             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    184             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    185             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    186             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    187             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    188         </tr>
    189         <tr>
    190             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">王艳</td>
    191             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    192             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    193             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    194         <td>&nbsp;</td>
    195             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    196             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    197             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    198             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    199             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    200             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    201         </tr>
    202         <tr>
    203             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">&nbsp;</td>
    204             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    205             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    206             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    207             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    208             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    209             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    210             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    211             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    212             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    213             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    214         </tr>
    215         <tr>
    216             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">&nbsp;</td>
    217             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    218             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    219             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    220             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    221             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    222             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    223             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    224             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    225             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    226             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    227         </tr>
    228         <tr>
    229             <td bgcolor="#FFFFAA">&nbsp;</td>
    230             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    231             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    232             <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
    233             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    234             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    235             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    236             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    237             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    238             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    239             <td>&nbsp;</td>
    240         </tr>
    241         <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFAA">
    242             <td>总计</td>
    243             <td colspan="2">20</td>
    244             <td colspan="2">20</td>
    245             <td colspan="2">20</td>
    246             <td>20</td>
    247             <td>20</td>
    248             <td>20</td>
    249             <td>20</td>
    250             <td>20</td>
    251             <td>20</td>
    252             <td>20</td>
    253         </tr>
    254     </table>
    255 </body>
    256 </html>
    tongjibiao.html
    • 简单的搜索栏:样图如下

    • 代码如下
     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
     2 <html>
     3 <head>
     4     <title>搜索</title>
     5 </head>
     6 <body>
     7 <font size="1px">
     8 <table width="410px" align="center" border="0" width="50%" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#FFFFAA">
     9     <tr>
    10         <td align="center" height="30px">
    11             <form action="https://www.baidu.com/" method="get">
    12             <input type="text" name="sousuo" style=" 200px;height: 15px;"><input type="submit" name="submit" style="background-color: #7ED321;color: white;height: 23px" value="搜索">
    13             </form>
    14         </td>
    15     </tr>
    16     <tr>
    17         <th align="center">
    18             <a href="https://www.baidu.com/" target="_BLANK">百度一下</a>
    19             <a href="http://www.4399.com/" target="_BLANK">4399小游戏</a>
    20             <a href="https://www.qq.com/" target="_BLANK">腾讯网</a>
    21             <a href="https://www.1688.com" target="_BLANK">阿里巴巴</a>
    22             <a href="https://www.ichunqiu.com/" target="_BLANK">i春秋</a>
    23         </th>
    24     </tr>
    25 </table>
    26 <table width="280px" border="0" align="center" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="5" bgcolor="#FFFFAA">
    27     <tr height="80px">
    28         <td align="center" width="100px">
    29             <a href="https://www.ichunqiu.com/" target="_BLANK">
    30             <img src=https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1568917629619&di=a8fa37f1ba9e5a1743cec1c1108859a0&imgtype=jpg&src=http%3A%2F%2Fimg0.imgtn.bdimg.com%2Fit%2Fu%3D2503653465%2C1244416513%26fm%3D214%26gp%3D0.jpg width="90px" height="70px">
    31             </a>
    32         </td>
    33         <td align="center" width="100px">
    34             <a href="https://www.1688.com" target="_BLANK">
    35             <img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1568917755353&di=186b9fa93c6b2fd50d290b20400040bb&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fn.sinaimg.cn%2Fsinacn%2Fw732h452%2F20180109%2Fd0ac-fyqnici7800123.png" width="90px" height="70px">
    36             </a>
    37         </td>
    38         <td align="center" width="100px">
    39             <a href="https://www.meituan.com/" target="_BLANK">
    40             <img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1568918606812&di=92c44223d1ba24bf1658ef95ed6a6d4d&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fhbimg.b0.upaiyun.com%2F62294bd165e4904b5684ed64b00df850874ebf6a26eb8-OqUGIc_fw658" width="90px" height="70px">
    41             </a>
    42         </td>
    43         <td align="center" width="100px">
    44             <a href="http://www.4399.com" target="_BLANK">
    45             <img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1568917805429&di=f62c9338b3db2c1a9e8b9f155ed2d71c&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fgss0.baidu.com%2F9fo3dSag_xI4khGko9WTAnF6hhy%2Fzhidao%2Fpic%2Fitem%2Fd01373f082025aafa6bfa83ef0edab64024f1ab1.jpg" width="90px" height="70px">
    46             </a>
    47         </td>
    48     </tr>
    49     <tr height="80px">
    50         <td align="center" width="100px">
    51             <a href="https://www.baidu.com/" target="_BLANK">
    52             <img src="https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFvHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=3489346721,70473151&fm=26&gp=0.jpg" width="90px" height="70px">
    53             </a>
    54         </td>
    55         <td align="center" width="100px">
    56             <a href="https://www.qq.com/" target="_BLANK">
    57             <img src="https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFuHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=3765530916,928811954&fm=26&gp=0.jpg" width="90px" height="70px">
    58             </a>
    59         </td>
    60         <td align="center" width="100px">
    61             <a href="https://www.jd.com//" target="_BLANK">
    62             <img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1569513215&di=813aecce2c1dc62c3c8e34bba19f6908&imgtype=jpg&er=1&src=http%3A%2F%2Fdown.admin5.com%2Fdemo%2Fcode_pop%2F33%2F80%2Fimages%2Flogo2.jpg" width="90px" height="70px">
    63             </a>
    64         </td>
    65         <td align="center" width="100px">
    66             <a href="https://www.360.cn//" target="_BLANK">
    67             <img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1568918521592&di=c32c15b6989b5b451f08dab195f47108&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.downxia.com%2Fuploadfiles%2F2016%2F1220%2F20161220043406418.jpg" width="90px" height="70px">
    68             </a>
    69         </td>
    70     </tr>
    71     <tr height="80px">
    72         <td align="center" width="100px">
    73             <a href="http://tv699.com//" target="_BLANK">
    74             <img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1569513276&di=df9e3046bdba74be7fab06dec77b2e29&imgtype=jpg&er=1&src=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.25pp.com%2Fuploadfile%2Fsoft%2Fimages%2F2015%2F0806%2F20150806102146920.jpg" width="90px" height="70px">
    75             </a>
    76         </td>
    77         <td align="center" width="100px">
    78             <a href="https://www.vip.com//" target="_BLANK">
    79             <img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1568918581621&di=41f595b2f8e45b155eb0a452cffb5f2b&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fpic.yhouse.com%2Flife%2Fimage%2F20150206%2Flife%2F20150206135034_17.jpg" width="90px" height="70px">
    80             </a>
    81         </td>
    82         <td align="center" width="100px">
    83             <a href="https://www.zhihu.com///" target="_BLANK">
    84             <img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1568918625761&di=93b7d7e98dcb065d44962577a69c46fb&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2Fpic2.16pic.com%2F00%2F56%2F07%2F16pic_5607016_b.jpg" width="90px" height="70px">
    85             </a>
    86         </td>
    87         <td align="center" width="100px">
    88             <a href="https://www.google.cn/" target="_BLANK">
    89             <img src="https://timgsa.baidu.com/timg?image&quality=80&size=b9999_10000&sec=1568918641254&di=1b80d15af5395a656e41d0f513898a3d&imgtype=0&src=http%3A%2F%2F5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com%2Fimages%2F20180807%2Fcae694db15aa4e2d92deeff5ab07ace9.jpeg" width="90px" height="70px">
    90             </a>
    91         </td>
    92     </tr>
    93 </table>
    94 </font>
    95 </body>
    96 </html>
    sousuo.html

     

    三、CSS

    1.引入方式:

    • 行内样式:在当前的标签元素中直接使用style的属性
    • 外链式:<link>引入外部CSS文件,导入外部样式
    • 内嵌方式,在<head>中写样式或使用@import在<head></head>之间应用

        (后两种需要XX.css文件)

    优先级:行内样式>内嵌方式>外链式

    2.CSS语法:选择器{属性1:value1;属性2:value2;}

    3.选择器:

    • 第一种情况:元素的标签名,影响其他同类型的标签
     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
     2 <html>
     3 <head>
     4     <title></title>
     5     <style type="text/css">
     6 div {
     7    color:red;
     8     text-align:center;
     9     /*background-color: red;*/
    10 }
    11     </style>
    12 </head>
    13 <body>
    14     <div>I'm hacker!!</div>
    15 </body>
    16 </html>
    • 第二种情况:id选择器
     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
     2 <html>
     3 <head>
     4     <title></title>
     5     <style type="text/css">
     6 #hacker{
     7     color: green;
     8     text-align: center;
     9 }
    10 #china{
    11     color: red;
    12 }
    13     </style>
    14 </head>
    15 <body>
    16     <div id="hacker">I'm hacker!!</div>
    17     <div id="china">我是中国人!!</div>
    18 </body>
    19 /html>       
    • 第三种方式:class,可以在不同的元素中去使用
     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
     2 <html>
     3 <head>
     4     <title></title>
     5     <style type="text/css">
     6 .test/*p.test*/{   /*改为p.test,只在p标签中应用*/
     7     color: red;
     8     text-align: center;
     9 }
    10     </style>
    11 </head>
    12 <body>
    13     <h1 class="test">这是一级标题</h1>
    14     <p class="test">这是段落</p>
    15 </body>
    16 </html> 
    • 通过导入文件的方式(.css文件路径css/mystyle.css):

        link:

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/mystyle.css">

        @import:

    1 <style type="text/css">
    2 @import url(css/mystyle.css)
    3 </style>

    4.常用样式:

    • 后背景:background-color   background-image 等等
    • 字体:color  size  test-align  text-indet缩进  
    • 盒子模型:

        margin外边框

        border边框

        padding 内边框

        content 显示数据的地方:文本、图片等等

    5.CSS分组和嵌套:

    • 分组:
     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
     2 <html>
     3 <head>
     4         <title></title>
     5         <meta charset="utf-8"> 
     6         <style type="text/css">
     7         h1,h4,p{//分组
     8                 color:green;
     9         }
    10         </style>
    11 </head>
    12 <body>
    13         <h1>这是一级标题</h1>
    14         <h4>这是四级标题</h4>
    15         <p>这是段落</p>
    16 </body>
    17 </html>
    • 嵌套:
    1 .marked{ } class=”marked”的标签
    2 .marked p{ } 为所有class=”marked”元素内p元素指定一个样式
    3 p.marked{ }  只要是p标签,并class=”marked”的才会被更改样式

    6.CSS显示:

    • div{visibility:hidden;}这种方式依然存在其原有的特征
    • div{display:none;}这种方式直接隐藏标签,其特征也没有了
     1 <!DOCTYPE html>
     2 <html>
     3 <head>
     4     <title></title>
     5     <meta charset="utf-8">
     6     <style type="text/css">
     7     div.aaa{visibility: hidden;}
     8     div.bbb{display: none;}
     9     </style>
    10 </head>
    11 <body>
    12 <div class="aaa">我在这</div>
    13 pentest
    14 <div class="bbb">测试</div>
    15 
    16 中国人!!!!
    17 </body>
    18 </html>

    7.CSS定位:

    • position:

    static(不受top置顶,bottom底部,left,rigth影响)

    relative(相对定位元素的定位是相对其正常位置)

    fixed(位置固定)

    absolute(绝对定位的元素的位置相对于最近的已定位的父元素,如果元素没有已定位的父元素,那么它的位置相对于<html>)

    sticky

    8.CSS对齐:

    1 text-align:center  文字居中
    2 margin:auto  元素居中  图片居中
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yankaohaitaiwei/p/11553136.html
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