中间件中一共有四个方法：
process_request process_view process_exception process_response
process_request，process_response
当用户发起请求的时候会依次经过所有的的中间件，这个时候的请求时process_request,最后到达views的函数中，views函数处理后，在依次穿过中间件，这个时候是process_response,最后返回给请求者。
自定制中间件
上述截图中的中间件都是django中的，我们也可以自己定义一个中间件，我们可以自己写一个类，但是必须继承MiddlewareMixin
需要导入
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
in views:
def index(request):
print("view函数...")
return HttpResponse("OK")
in Mymiddlewares.py：
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
print("Md1请求")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("Md1返回")
return response
class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
print("Md2请求")
#return HttpResponse("Md2中断")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("Md2返回")
return response
结果
Md1请求 Md2请求 view函数... Md2返回 Md1返回
注意：如果当请求到达请求2的时候直接不符合条件返回，即return HttpResponse("Md2中断")，程序将把请求直接发给中间件2返回，然后依次返回到请求者，结果如下：
返回Md2中断的页面，后台打印如下：
Md1请求 Md2请求 Md2返回 Md1返回
process_view
process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs)
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
print("Md1请求")
#return HttpResponse("Md1中断")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("Md1返回")
return response
def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
print("Md1view")
class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
print("Md2请求")
#return HttpResponse("Md2中断")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("Md2返回")
return response
def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
print("Md2view")
结果
Md1请求
Md2请求
Md1view
Md2view
view函数...
Md2返回
Md1返回
分析过程
process_view可以用来调用视图函数：
class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
print("Md1请求")
#return HttpResponse("Md1中断")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("Md1返回")
return response
def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
# return HttpResponse("hello")
response=callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs)
return response
注意：process_view如果有返回值，会越过其他的process_view以及视图函数，但是所有的process_response都还会执行。
process_exception
process_exception(self, request, exception)
示例
class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
print("Md1请求")
#return HttpResponse("Md1中断")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("Md1返回")
return response
def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
# return HttpResponse("hello")
# response=callback(request,*callback_args,**callback_kwargs)
# return response
print("md1 process_view...")
def process_exception(self):
print("md1 process_exception...")
class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
print("Md2请求")
# return HttpResponse("Md2中断")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("Md2返回")
return response
def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
print("md2 process_view...")
def process_exception(self):
print("md1 process_exception...")
结果
Md1请求 Md2请求 md1 process_view... md2 process_view... view函数... Md2返回 Md1返回
当views出现错误时：
将md2的process_exception修改如下：
def process_exception(self,request,exception):
print("md2 process_exception...")
return HttpResponse("error")
结果
Md1请求 Md2请求 md1 process_view... md2 process_view... view函数... md2 process_exception... Md2返回 Md1返回