我们通过一个实际的例子来解释Condition的用法:
我们要打印1到9这9个数字,由A线程先打印1,2,3,然后由B线程打印4,5,6,然后再由A线程打印7,8,9. 这道题有很多种解法,现在我们使用Condition来做这道题(使用Object的wait,notify方法的解法在这里)。
package cn.outofmemory.locks; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class App { static class NumberWrapper { public int value = 1; } public static void main(String[] args) { //初始化可重入锁 final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); //第一个条件当屏幕上输出到3 final Condition reachThreeCondition = lock.newCondition(); //第二个条件当屏幕上输出到6 final Condition reachSixCondition = lock.newCondition(); //NumberWrapper只是为了封装一个数字,一边可以将数字对象共享,并可以设置为final //注意这里不要用Integer, Integer 是不可变对象 final NumberWrapper num = new NumberWrapper(); //初始化A线程 Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { //需要先获得锁 lock.lock(); try { System.out.println("threadA start write"); //A线程先输出前3个数 while (num.value <= 3) { System.out.println(num.value); num.value++; } //输出到3时要signal,告诉B线程可以开始了 reachThreeCondition.signal(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } lock.lock(); try { //等待输出6的条件 reachSixCondition.await(); System.out.println("threadA start write"); //输出剩余数字 while (num.value <= 9) { System.out.println(num.value); num.value++; } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }); Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { lock.lock(); while (num.value <= 3) { //等待3输出完毕的信号 reachThreeCondition.await(); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } try { lock.lock(); //已经收到信号,开始输出4,5,6 System.out.println("threadB start write"); while (num.value <= 6) { System.out.println(num.value); num.value++; } //4,5,6输出完毕,告诉A线程6输出完了 reachSixCondition.signal(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }); //启动两个线程 threadB.start(); threadA.start(); } }
上述代码中有完整的注释,请参考注释,理解Condition的用法。
基本思路就是首先要A线程先写1,2,3,这时候B线程应该等待reachThredCondition信号,而当A线程写完3之后就通过signal告诉B线程“我写到3了,该你了”,这时候A线程要等嗲reachSixCondition信号,同时B线程得到通知,开始写4,5,6,写完4,5,6之后B线程通知A线程reachSixCondition条件成立了,这时候A线程就开始写剩下的7,8,9了。
为了更好的理解Condition的用法,我们再看下java官方提供的例子:
package locks; import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class AppOfficial { /** * BoundedBuffer 是一个定长100的集合,当集合中没有元素时,take方法需要等待,直到有元素时才返回元素 * 当其中的元素数达到最大值时,要等待直到元素被take之后才执行put的操作 * @author yukaizhao * */ static class BoundedBuffer { final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); final Condition notFull = lock.newCondition(); final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition(); final Object[] items = new Object[100]; int putptr, takeptr, count; public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException { System .out.println("put wait lock"); lock.lock(); System.out.println("put get lock"); try { while (count == items.length) { System.out.println("buffer full, please wait"); notFull.await(); } items[putptr] = x; if (++putptr == items.length) putptr = 0; ++count; notEmpty.signal(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public Object take() throws InterruptedException { System.out.println("take wait lock"); lock.lock(); System.out.println("take get lock"); try { while (count == 0) { System.out.println("no elements, please wait"); notEmpty.await(); } Object x = items[takeptr]; if (++takeptr == items.length) takeptr = 0; --count; notFull.signal(); return x; } finally { lock.unlock(); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { final BoundedBuffer boundedBuffer = new BoundedBuffer(); Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("t1 run"); for (int i=0;i<1000;i++) { try { System.out.println("putting.."); boundedBuffer.put(Integer.valueOf(i)); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }) ; Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for (int i=0;i<1000;i++) { try { Object val = boundedBuffer.take(); System.out.println(val); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }) ; t1.start(); t2.start(); } }
这个示例中BoundedBuffer是一个固定长度的集合,这个在其put操作时,如果发现长度已经达到最大长度,那么会等待notFull信号,如果得到notFull信号会像集合中添加元素,并发出notEmpty的信号,而在其take方法中如果发现集合长度为空,那么会等待notEmpty的信号,同时如果拿到一个元素,那么会发出notFull的信号。