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  • pom.xml

    一、什么是POM

    Project Object Model,项目对象模型。通过xml格式保存的pom.xml文件。作用类似ant的build.xml文件,功能更强大。该文件用于管理:源代码、配置文件、开发者的信息和角色、问题追踪系统、组织信息、项目授权、项目的url、项目的依赖关系等等。

    一个完整的pom.xml文件,放置在项目的根目录下。

    1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"  
    2.   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    3.   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0  
    4.                       http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
    5.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
    6.   <!– The Basics –>  
    7.   <groupId>…</groupId>  
    8.   <artifactId>…</artifactId>  
    9.   <version>…</version>  
    10.   <packaging>…</packaging>  
    11.   <dependencies>…</dependencies>  
    12.   <parent>…</parent>  
    13.   <dependencyManagement>…</dependencyManagement>  
    14.   <modules>…</modules>  
    15.   <properties>…</properties>  
    16.   <!– Build Settings –>  
    17.   <build>…</build>  
    18.   <reporting>…</reporting>  
    19.   <!– More Project Information –>  
    20.   <name>…</name>  
    21.   <description>…</description>  
    22.   <url>…</url>  
    23.   <inceptionYear>…</inceptionYear>  
    24.   <licenses>…</licenses>  
    25.   <organization>…</organization>  
    26.   <developers>…</developers>  
    27.   <contributors>…</contributors>  
    28.   <!– Environment Settings –>  
    29.   <issueManagement>…</issueManagement>  
    30.   <ciManagement>…</ciManagement>  
    31.   <mailingLists>…</mailingLists>  
    32.   <scm>…</scm>  
    33.   <prerequisites>…</prerequisites>  
    34.   <repositories>…</repositories>  
    35.   <pluginRepositories>…</pluginRepositories>  
    36.   <distributionManagement>…</distributionManagement>  
    37.   <profiles>…</profiles>  
    38. </project>  

    二、基本设置

    1、maven的协作相关属性

    1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"  
    2.   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    3.   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0  
    4.                       http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
    5.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
    6.   <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>  
    7.   <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>  
    8.   <version>1.0</version>  
    9.   <packaging>war</packaging>  
    10. </project>  
    1. groupId : 组织标识,例如:org.codehaus.mojo,在M2_REPO目录下,将是: org/codehaus/mojo目录。
    2. artifactId : 项目名称,例如:my-project,在M2_REPO目录下,将是:org/codehaus/mojo/my-project目录。
    3. version : 版本号,例如:1.0,在M2_REPO目录下,将是:org/codehaus/mojo/my-project/1.0目录。
    4. packaging : 打包的格式,可以为:pom , jar , maven-plugin , ejb , war , ear , rar , par

    2、POM之间的关系

    主要用于POM文件的复用。

    a)依赖关系:依赖关系列表(dependency list)是POM的重要部分

    1. <dependencies>  
    2.    <dependency>  
    3.      <groupId>junit</groupId>  
    4.      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
    5.      <version>4.0</version>  
    6.      <scope>test</scope>  
    7.    </dependency>  
    8.    …  
    9.  </dependencies>  
    1. groupId , artifactId , version :
    2. scope : compile(default),provided,runtime,test,system
    3. exclusions

    b)继承关系:继承其他pom.xml配置的机制。

    比如父pom.xml:

    1. <project>  
    2.   [...]  
    3.   <dependencies>  
    4.     <dependency>  
    5.       <groupId>junit</groupId>  
    6.       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
    7.       <version>4.4</version>  
    8.       <scope>test</scope>  
    9.     </dependency>  
    10.   </dependencies>  
    11.   [...]  
    12. </project>  

    在子pom.xml文件继承它的依赖(还可以继承其他的:developers and contributors、plugin lists、reports lists、plugin executions with matching ids、plugin configuration):

    1. [...]  
    2. <parent>  
    3. <groupId>com.devzuz.mvnbook.proficio</groupId>  
    4.   <artifactId>proficio</artifactId>  
    5.   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>  
    6. </parent>  
    7. [...]  

    在这种机制下,maven还提供了一个类似java.lang.Object的顶级父pom.xml文件:

    1. <project>  
    2.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
    3.   <name>Maven Default Project</name>  
    4.   <repositories>  
    5.     <repository>  
    6.       <id>central</id>  
    7.       <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>  
    8.       <layout>default</layout>  
    9.       <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>  
    10.       <snapshots>  
    11.         <enabled>false</enabled>  
    12.       </snapshots>  
    13.     </repository>  
    14.   </repositories>  
    15.   <pluginRepositories>  
    16.     <pluginRepository>  
    17.       <id>central</id>  
    18.       <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>  
    19.       <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>  
    20.       <layout>default</layout>  
    21.       <snapshots>  
    22.         <enabled>false</enabled>  
    23.       </snapshots>  
    24.       <releases>  
    25.         <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>  
    26.       </releases>  
    27.     </pluginRepository>  
    28.   </pluginRepositories>  
    29.   <build>  
    30.     <directory>target</directory>  
    31.     <outputDirectory>target/classes</outputDirectory>  
    32.     <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>  
    33.     <testOutputDirectory>target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>  
    34.     <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>  
    35.     <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>  
    36.     <testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>  
    37.     <resources>  
    38.       <resource>  
    39.         <directory>src/main/resources</directory>  
    40.       </resource>  
    41.     </resources>  
    42.     <testResources>  
    43.       <testResource>  
    44.         <directory>src/test/resources</directory>  
    45.       </testResource>  
    46.     </testResources>  
    47.     <pluginManagement>  
    48.        <plugins>  
    49.          <plugin>  
    50.            <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>  
    51.            <version>1.1</version>  
    52.          </plugin>        
    53.          <plugin>  
    54.            <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>  
    55.            <version>2.2-beta-2</version>  
    56.          </plugin>  
    57.          <plugin>  
    58.            <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>  
    59.            <version>2.2</version>  
    60.          </plugin>  
    61.          <plugin>  
    62.            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>  
    63.            <version>2.0.2</version>  
    64.          </plugin>  
    65.          <plugin>  
    66.            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
    67.            <version>2.0</version>  
    68.          </plugin>  
    69.          <plugin>  
    70.            <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>  
    71.            <version>2.3</version>  
    72.          </plugin>  
    73.          <plugin>  
    74.            <artifactId>maven-ear-plugin</artifactId>  
    75.            <version>2.3.1</version>  
    76.          </plugin>  
    77.          <plugin>  
    78.            <artifactId>maven-ejb-plugin</artifactId>  
    79.            <version>2.1</version>  
    80.          </plugin>  
    81.          <plugin>  
    82.            <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>  
    83.            <version>2.2</version>  
    84.          </plugin>  
    85.          <plugin>  
    86.            <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>  
    87.            <version>2.2</version>  
    88.          </plugin>  
    89.          <plugin>  
    90.            <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>  
    91.            <version>2.4</version>  
    92.          </plugin>  
    93.          <plugin>  
    94.            <artifactId>maven-plugin-plugin</artifactId>  
    95.            <version>2.4.1</version>  
    96.          </plugin>  
    97.          <plugin>  
    98.            <artifactId>maven-rar-plugin</artifactId>  
    99.            <version>2.2</version>  
    100.          </plugin>  
    101.          <plugin>                 
    102.            <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>  
    103.            <version>2.0-beta-7</version>  
    104.          </plugin>  
    105.          <plugin>                 
    106.            <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>  
    107.            <version>2.2</version>  
    108.          </plugin>  
    109.          <plugin>  
    110.            <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>  
    111.            <version>2.0-beta-6</version>  
    112.          </plugin>  
    113.          <plugin>  
    114.            <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>  
    115.            <version>2.0.4</version>  
    116.          </plugin>           
    117.          <plugin>  
    118.             <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>  
    119.             <version>2.4.2</version>  
    120.          </plugin>  
    121.          <plugin>  
    122.            <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>  
    123.            <version>2.1-alpha-1</version>  
    124.          </plugin>  
    125.        </plugins>  
    126.      </pluginManagement>  
    127.   </build>  
    128.   <reporting>  
    129.     <outputDirectory>target/site</outputDirectory>  
    130.   </reporting>  
    131.   <profiles>  
    132.     <profile>  
    133.       <id>release-profile</id>  
    134.       <activation>  
    135.         <property>  
    136.           <name>performRelease</name>  
    137.           <value>true</value>  
    138.         </property>  
    139.       </activation>  
    140.       <build>  
    141.         <plugins>  
    142.           <plugin>  
    143.             <inherited>true</inherited>  
    144.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
    145.             <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>  
    146.             <executions>  
    147.               <execution>  
    148.                 <id>attach-sources</id>  
    149.                 <goals>  
    150.                   <goal>jar</goal>  
    151.                 </goals>  
    152.               </execution>  
    153.             </executions>  
    154.           </plugin>  
    155.           <plugin>  
    156.             <inherited>true</inherited>  
    157.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
    158.             <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>  
    159.             <executions>  
    160.               <execution>  
    161.                 <id>attach-javadocs</id>  
    162.                 <goals>  
    163.                   <goal>jar</goal>  
    164.                 </goals>  
    165.               </execution>  
    166.             </executions>  
    167.           </plugin>  
    168.           <plugin>  
    169.             <inherited>true</inherited>  
    170.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
    171.             <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>  
    172.             <configuration>  
    173.               <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo>  
    174.             </configuration>  
    175.           </plugin>  
    176.         </plugins>  
    177.       </build>  
    178.     </profile>  
    179.   </profiles>  
    180. </project>  

    可以通过下面命令查看当前pom.xml受到超pom.xml文件的影响:
    c)聚合关系:用于将多个maven项目聚合为一个大的项目。

    1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"  
    2.   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    3.   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0  
    4.                       http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
    5.   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
    6.   <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>  
    7.   <artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>  
    8.   <version>2.0</version>  
    9.   <modules>  
    10.     <module>my-project<module>  
    11.   </modules>  
    12. </project>  


    3、属性

    maven的属性,是值的占位符,类似EL,类似ant的属性,比如${X},可用于pom文件任何赋值的位置。有以下分类:

    1. env.X:操作系统环境变量,比如${env.PATH}
    2. project.x:pom文件中的属性,比如:<project><version>1.0</version></project>,引用方式:${project.version}
    3. settings.x:settings.xml文件中的属性,比如:<settings><offline>false</offline></settings>,引用方式:${settings.offline}
    4. Java System Properties:java.lang.System.getProperties()中的属性,比如java.home,引用方式:${java.home}
    5. 自定义:在pom文件中可以:<properties><installDir>c:/apps/cargo-installs</installDir></properties>,引用方式:${installDir}

    4、构建设置

    构建有两种build标签:

    1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"  
    2.   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    3.   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0  
    4.                       http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
    5.   …  
    6.   <!– "Project Build" contains more elements than just the BaseBuild set –>  
    7.   <build>…</build>  
    8.   <profiles>  
    9.     <profile>  
    10.       <!– "Profile Build" contains a subset of "Project Build"s elements –>  
    11.       <build>…</build>  
    12.     </profile>  
    13.   </profiles>  
    14. </project>  

    build中的主要标签:Resources和Plugins。

    Resources:用于排除或包含某些资源文件

    1. <resources>  
    2.   <resource>  
    3.     <targetPath>META-INF/plexus</targetPath>  
    4.     <filtering>false</filtering>  
    5.     <directory>${basedir}/src/main/plexus</directory>  
    6.     <includes>  
    7.       <include>configuration.xml</include>  
    8.     </includes>  
    9.     <excludes>  
    10.       <exclude>**/*.properties</exclude>  
    11.     </excludes>  
    12.   </resource>  
    13. </resources>  

    Plugins:设置构建的插件

      1. <build>  
      2.    …  
      3.    <plugins>  
      4.      <plugin>  
      5.        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
      6.        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>  
      7.        <version>2.0</version>  
      8.        <extensions>false</extensions>  
      9.        <inherited>true</inherited>  
      10.        <configuration>  
      11.          <classifier>test</classifier>  
      12.        </configuration>  
      13.        <dependencies>…</dependencies>  
      14.        <executions>…</executions>  
      15.      </plugin
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yasepix/p/6565007.html
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