Startup

使用泛型主机 (IHostBuilder) 时，只能将以下服务类型注入 Startup 构造函数：

• IWebHostEnvironment
• IHostEnvironment
• IConfiguration

不使用 Startup 类，请在主机生成器上调用 ConfigureServices 和 Configure 便捷方法

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
    }

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) =>
            {
            })
            .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
            {
                webBuilder.ConfigureServices(services =>
                {
                    services.AddControllersWithViews();
                })
                .Configure(app =>
                {
                    var loggerFactory = app.ApplicationServices
                        .GetRequiredService<ILoggerFactory>();
                    var logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<Program>();
                    var env = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IWebHostEnvironment>();
                    var config = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>();

                    logger.LogInformation("Logged in Configure");

                    if (env.IsDevelopment())
                    {
                        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
                        app.UseHsts();
                    }

                    var configValue = config["MyConfigKey"];
                });
            });
        });
}

使用 Startup 筛选器扩展 Startup

使用 IStartupFilter：用于将默认值添加到管道的开头，无需显式调用 Use{Middleware}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
    }

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
           .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) =>
           {
           })
         .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
         {
             webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
         })
        .ConfigureServices(services =>
        {
            services.AddTransient<IStartupFilter,
                      RequestSetOptionsStartupFilter>();
        });
}

public class RequestSetOptionsStartupFilter : IStartupFilter
{
    public Action<IApplicationBuilder> Configure(Action<IApplicationBuilder> next)
    {
        return builder =>
        {
            builder.UseMiddleware<RequestSetOptionsMiddleware>();
            next(builder);
        };
    }
}

public class RequestSetOptionsMiddleware
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;

    public RequestSetOptionsMiddleware( RequestDelegate next )
    {
        _next = next;
    }

    // Test with https://localhost:5001/Privacy/?option=Hello
    public async Task Invoke(HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        var option = httpContext.Request.Query["option"];

        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(option))
        {
            httpContext.Items["option"] = WebUtility.HtmlEncode(option);
        }

        await _next(httpContext);
    }
}

当 ASP.NET Core 应用启动时，Startup 类启动应用。 应用可以为不同的环境定义多个 Startup 类。 在运行时选择适当的 Startup 类。 优先考虑名称后缀与当前环境相匹配的类。 如果找不到匹配的 Startup{EnvironmentName}，就会使用 Startup 类。 当应用需要为各环境之间存在许多代码差异的多个环境配置启动时，这种方法非常有用。 典型的应用不需要这种方法。

使用接受程序集名称的 UseStartup(IWebHostBuilder, String) 重载：

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
    }

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args)
    {
        var assemblyName = typeof(Startup).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.FullName;

        return   Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
            {
                webBuilder.UseStartup(assemblyName);
            });
    }
}

Configure 和 ConfigureServices 支持窗体 Configure<EnvironmentName> 和 Configure<EnvironmentName>Services 的环境特定版本。 当应用需要为多个环境（每个环境有许多代码差异）配置启动时，这种方法就非常有用