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  • 这一次搞懂Spring Web零xml配置原理以及父子容器关系

    前言

    在使用Spring和SpringMVC的老版本进行开发时,我们需要配置很多的xml文件,非常的繁琐,总是让用户自行选择配置也是非常不好的。基于约定大于配置的规定,Spring提供了很多注解帮助我们简化了大量的xml配置;但是在使用SpringMVC时,我们还会使用到WEB-INF/web.xml,但实际上我们是完全可以使用Java类来取代xml配置的,这也是后来SpringBoott的实现原理。本篇就来看看Spring是如何实现完全的零XML配置。

    正文

    先来看一下原始的web.xml配置:

    <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
     "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
     "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
    
    <web-app>
      <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
          <!--加载spring配置-->
          classpath:spring.xml
        </param-value>
      </context-param>
      <context-param>
        <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
        <param-value>ServicePlatform.root</param-value>
      </context-param>
    
      <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
        <!--<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-class>-->
      </listener>
    
      <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
          <!--springmvc的配置文件-->
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:spring-dispatcher.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
      </servlet>
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
    </web-app>
    

    这里各个配置的作用简单说下,context-param是加载我们主的sping.xml配置,比如一些bean的配置和开启注解扫描等;listener是配置监听器,Tomcat启动会触发监听器调用;servlet则是配置我们自定义的Servlet实现,比如DispatcherServlet。还有其它很多配置就不一一说明了,在这里主要看到记住context-paramservlet配置,这是SpringIOC父子容器的体现。在之前的I文章中讲过IOC容器是以父子关系组织的,但估计大部分人都不能理解,除了看到复杂的继承体系,并没有看到父容器作用的体现,稍后来分析。
    了解了配置,我们就需要思考如何替换掉这些繁琐的配置。实际上Tomcat提供了一个规范,有一个ServletContainerInitializer接口:

    public interface ServletContainerInitializer {
        void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> var1, ServletContext var2) throws ServletException;
    }
    

    Tomcat启动时会调用该接口实现类的onStartup方法,这个方法有两个参数,第二个不用说,主要是第一个参数什么?从哪里来?另外我们自定义的实现类又怎么让Tomcat调用呢?
    首先解答最后一个问题,这里也是利用SPI来实现的,因此我们实现了该接口后,还需要在META-INF.services下配置。其次,这里传入的第一个参数也是我们自定义的扩展接口的实现类,我们可以通过我们自定义的接口实现很多需要在启动时做的事,比如加载Servlet,但是Tomcat又是怎么知道我们自定义的接口是哪个呢?这就需要用到@HandlesTypes注解,该注解就是标注在ServletContainerInitializer的实现类上,其值就是我们扩展的接口,这样Tomcat就知道需要传入哪个接口实现类到这个onStartup方法了。来看一个简单的实现:

    @HandlesTypes(LoadServlet.class)
    public class MyServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {
        @Override
        public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> set, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
            Iterator var4;
            if (set != null) {
                var4 = set.iterator();
                while (var4.hasNext()) {
                    Class<?> clazz = (Class<?>) var4.next();
                    if (!clazz.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(clazz.getModifiers()) && LoadServlet.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
                        try {
                            ((LoadServlet) clazz.newInstance()).loadOnstarp(servletContext);
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    public interface LoadServlet {
    
        void loadOnstarp(ServletContext servletContext);
    }
    
    public class LoadServletImpl implements LoadServlet {
        @Override
        public void loadOnstarp(ServletContext servletContext) {
            ServletRegistration.Dynamic initServlet = servletContext.addServlet("initServlet", "org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet");
            initServlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
            initServlet.addMapping("/init");
    	}
    }
    

    这就是Tomcat给我们提供的规范,通过这个规范我们就能实现Spring的零xml配置启动,直接来看Spring是如何做的。
    根据上面所说我们可以在spring-web工程下找到META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer配置:

    @HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)
    public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {
    	@Override
    	public void onStartup(@Nullable Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)
    			throws ServletException {
    
    		List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = new LinkedList<>();
    
    		if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) {
    			for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) {
    				// Be defensive: Some servlet containers provide us with invalid classes,
    				// no matter what @HandlesTypes says...
    				if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) &&
    						WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) {
    					try {
    						initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer)
    								ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(waiClass).newInstance());
    					}
    					catch (Throwable ex) {
    						throw new ServletException("Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class", ex);
    					}
    				}
    			}
    		}
    
    		if (initializers.isEmpty()) {
    			servletContext.log("No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath");
    			return;
    		}
    
    		servletContext.log(initializers.size() + " Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath");
    		AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers);
    		for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) {
    			initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
    		}
    	}
    
    }
    
    

    核心的实现就是WebApplicationInitializer,先看看其继承体系
    在这里插入图片描述
    AbstractReactiveWebInitializer不用管,主要看另外一边,但是都是抽象类,也就是说真的实例也是由我们自己实现,但需要我们实现什么呢?我们一般直接继承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer类,有四个抽象方法需要我们实现:

        //父容器
        @Override
        protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
            return new Class<?>[]{SpringContainer.class};
        }
    
        //SpringMVC配置子容器
        @Override
        protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
            return new Class<?>[]{MvcContainer.class};
        }
    
        //获取DispatcherServlet的映射信息
        @Override
        protected String[] getServletMappings() {
            return new String[]{"/"};
        }
    
    	// filter配置
        @Override
        protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
            MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();
            CorsFilter corsFilter = new CorsFilter();
            return new Filter[]{myFilter,corsFilter};
        }
    

    这里主要注意getRootConfigClassesgetServletConfigClasses方法,分别加载父、子容器:

    @ComponentScan(value = "com.dark",excludeFilters = {
            @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes = {Controller.class})
    })
    public class SpringContainer {
    }
    
    @ComponentScan(value = "com.dark",includeFilters = {
            @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes = {Controller.class})
    },useDefaultFilters = false)
    public class MvcContainer {
    }
    

    看到这两个类上的注解应该不陌生了吧,父容器扫描装载了所有不带@Controller注解的类,子容器则相反,但需要对象时首先从当前容器中找,如果没有则从父容器中获取,为什么要这么设计呢?直接放到一个容器中不行么?先思考下, 稍后解答。
    回到onStartup方法中,直接回调用到AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer类:

    	public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
    		super.onStartup(servletContext);
    		//注册DispatcherServlet
    		registerDispatcherServlet(servletContext);
    	}
    

    先是调用父类:

    	public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
    		registerContextLoaderListener(servletContext);
    	}
    
    	protected void registerContextLoaderListener(ServletContext servletContext) {
    
    		//创建spring上下文,注册了SpringContainer
    		WebApplicationContext rootAppContext = createRootApplicationContext();
    		if (rootAppContext != null) {
    			//创建监听器
    			ContextLoaderListener listener = new ContextLoaderListener(rootAppContext);
    			listener.setContextInitializers(getRootApplicationContextInitializers());
    			servletContext.addListener(listener);
    		}
    	}
    

    然后调用createRootApplicationContext创建父容器:

    	protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
    		Class<?>[] configClasses = getRootConfigClasses();
    		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
    			AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
    			context.register(configClasses);
    			return context;
    		}
    		else {
    			return null;
    		}
    	}
    

    可以看到就是创建了一个AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext对象,并将我们的配置类SpringContainer注册了进去。接着创建Tomcat启动加载监听器ContextLoaderListener,该监听器有一个contextInitialized方法,会在Tomcat启动时调用。

    	public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
    		initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
    	}
    
    	 */
    	public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
    		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    		try {
    			// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
    			// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
    			if (this.context == null) {
    				this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
    			}
    			if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
    				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
    				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
    					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
    					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
    					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
    						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
    						// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
    						ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
    						cwac.setParent(parent);
    					}
    					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
    				}
    			}
    			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
    
    			ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
    			if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
    				currentContext = this.context;
    			}
    			else if (ccl != null) {
    				currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
    			}
    
    			return this.context;
    		}
    	}
    

    可以看到就是去初始化容器,这个和之前分析xml解析是一样的,主要注意这里封装了ServletContext对象,并将父容器设置到了该对象中。
    父容器创建完成后自然就是子容器的创建,来到registerDispatcherServlet方法:

    	protected void registerDispatcherServlet(ServletContext servletContext) {
    		String servletName = getServletName();
    		Assert.hasLength(servletName, "getServletName() must not return null or empty");
    
    		//创建springmvc的上下文,注册了MvcContainer类
    		WebApplicationContext servletAppContext = createServletApplicationContext();
    		Assert.notNull(servletAppContext, "createServletApplicationContext() must not return null");
    
    		//创建DispatcherServlet
    		FrameworkServlet dispatcherServlet = createDispatcherServlet(servletAppContext);
    		Assert.notNull(dispatcherServlet, "createDispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext) must not return null");
    		dispatcherServlet.setContextInitializers(getServletApplicationContextInitializers());
    
    		ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet(servletName, dispatcherServlet);
    		if (registration == null) {
    			throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to register servlet with name '" + servletName + "'. " +
    					"Check if there is another servlet registered under the same name.");
    		}
    
    		/*
    		* 如果该元素的值为负数或者没有设置,则容器会当Servlet被请求时再加载。
    			如果值为正整数或者0时,表示容器在应用启动时就加载并初始化这个servlet,
    			值越小,servlet的优先级越高,就越先被加载
    		* */
    		registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    		registration.addMapping(getServletMappings());
    		registration.setAsyncSupported(isAsyncSupported());
    
    		Filter[] filters = getServletFilters();
    		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(filters)) {
    			for (Filter filter : filters) {
    				registerServletFilter(servletContext, filter);
    			}
    		}
    
    		customizeRegistration(registration);
    	}
    
    	protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
    		AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
    		Class<?>[] configClasses = getServletConfigClasses();
    		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
    			context.register(configClasses);
    		}
    		return context;
    	}
    
    

    这里也是创建了一个AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext对象,不同的只是这里注册的配置类就是我们的Servlet配置了。然后创建了DispatcherServlet对象,并将上下文对象设置了进去。看到这你可能会疑惑,既然父子容器创建的都是相同类的对象,何来的父子容器之说?别急,这个在初始化该上文时就明白了。但是这里的初始化入口在哪呢?没有看到任何监听器的创建和调用。实际上这里的上下文对象初始化是在Servlet初始化时实现的,即init方法,直接来到HttpServletBeaninit方法(分析SpringMVC源码时讲过):

    	public final void init() throws ServletException {
    		...省略
    		
    		// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
    		initServletBean();
    	}
    
    	protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
    		try {
    			this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
    			initFrameworkServlet();
    		}
    	}
    
    	protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
    		//这里会从servletContext中获取到父容器,就是通过监听器加载的容器
    		WebApplicationContext rootContext =
    				WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
    		WebApplicationContext wac = null;
    
    		if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
    			// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
    			wac = this.webApplicationContext;
    			if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
    				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
    				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
    					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
    						cwac.setParent(rootContext);
    					}
    					//容器加载
    					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    		if (wac == null) {
    			wac = findWebApplicationContext();
    		}
    		if (wac == null) {
    			wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
    		}
    
    		if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
    			synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
    				onRefresh(wac);
    			}
    		}
    
    		if (this.publishContext) {
    			// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
    			String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
    			getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
    		}
    
    		return wac;
    	}
    

    看到这里想你也应该明白了,首先从ServletContext中拿到父容器,然后设置到当前容器的parent中,实现了父子容器的组织,而这样设计好处我想也是很清楚的,子容器目前装载的都是MVC的配置和Bean,简单点说就是Controller,父容器中都是Service,Controller是依赖于Service的,如果不构建这样的层级关系并优先实例化父容器,你怎么实现Controller层的依赖注入成功呢?

    总结

    本篇结合之前的文章,分析了SpringMVC零XML配置的实现原理,也补充了之前未分析到父子容器关系,让我们能从细节上更加全面的理解SpringIOC的实现原理,相信看完本篇对于SpringBoot的实现你也会有自己的想法。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yewy/p/13168371.html
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