批量插入数据利器之SqlBulkCopy

工作中要频繁的处理一些数据导入，又不想手工去做，因此用了神器SqlBulkCopy。在MSDN查看了此类的帮助文档几经波折终于搞定，记录下来方便以后查阅。

MSDN实例：

using System.Data.SqlClient;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        string connectionString = GetConnectionString();
        // Open a sourceConnection to the AdventureWorks database.
        using (SqlConnection sourceConnection =
                   new SqlConnection(connectionString))
        {
            sourceConnection.Open();

            // Perform an initial count on the destination table.
            SqlCommand commandRowCount = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM " +
                "dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns;",
                sourceConnection);
            long countStart = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
            Console.WriteLine("Starting row count = {0}", countStart);

            // Get data from the source table as a SqlDataReader.
            SqlCommand commandSourceData = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT ProductID, Name, " +
                "ProductNumber " +
                "FROM Production.Product;", sourceConnection);
            SqlDataReader reader =
                commandSourceData.ExecuteReader();

            // Open the destination connection. In the real world you would 
            // not use SqlBulkCopy to move data from one table to the other 
            // in the same database. This is for demonstration purposes only.
            using (SqlConnection destinationConnection =
                       new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                destinationConnection.Open();

                // Set up the bulk copy object. 
                // Note that the column positions in the source
                // data reader match the column positions in 
                // the destination table so there is no need to
                // map columns.
                using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy =
                           new SqlBulkCopy(destinationConnection))
                {
                    bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
                        "dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns";

                    try
                    {
                        // Write from the source to the destination.
                        bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        // Close the SqlDataReader. The SqlBulkCopy
                        // object is automatically closed at the end
                        // of the using block.
                        reader.Close();
                    }
                }

                // Perform a final count on the destination 
                // table to see how many rows were added.
                long countEnd = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                    commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
                Console.WriteLine("Ending row count = {0}", countEnd);
                Console.WriteLine("{0} rows were added.", countEnd - countStart);
                Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to finish.");
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }
    }

    private static string GetConnectionString()
        // To avoid storing the sourceConnection string in your code, 
        // you can retrieve it from a configuration file. 
    {
        return "Data Source=(local); " +
            " Integrated Security=true;" +
            "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;";
    }
}

MSDN 地址：https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.data.sqlclient.sqlbulkcopy(v=vs.110).aspx

自己的测试代码：

/// <summary>
        /// 将DataTable表数据插入数据库目标表
        /// DataTable Name 和数据库目标表名称一致,DataTable列名为目标数据库目标表字段
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dt">数据源</param>
        /// <param name="dbFlag">数据库标识</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool MassInsert(DataTable dt, string dbFlag)
        {
            if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0)
            {
                Logger.Write("DataTable为空或无填充行", "大数据操作", "");
                return false;
            }
            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(dt.TableName))
            {
                Logger.Write("DataTableName为空无法确定目标数据库表", "大数据操作", "");
                return false;
            }
            SqlConnection con = HelpGetSqlCon(dbFlag);//动态获取SqlConnection对象
            DateTime time = DateTime.Now;
            SqlTransaction tra = con.BeginTransaction();//事务
            SqlBulkCopy sqlBC = new SqlBulkCopy(con, SqlBulkCopyOptions.Default, tra);
            try
            {
                sqlBC.DestinationTableName = dt.TableName;
                //一次批量的插入的数据量
                sqlBC.BatchSize = dt.Rows.Count;
                sqlBC.WriteToServer(dt);
                Logger.Write("【MassInsert】[" + dt.Rows.Count + "]条数据共耗时[" + (DateTime.Now - time).TotalSeconds.ToString() + "]秒", "", ""); //记录日志
                tra.Commit();
                return true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                tra.Rollback();
                Logger.WriteException("MassInsert异常", "", ex, "");
                return false;
            }
            finally
            {
                dt.Clear();
                dt.Dispose();
                sqlBC.Close();
                con.Dispose();
                con.Close();
            }
        }

以上代码可以插入主键，如果主键重复则事务回滚

正常测试结果：

【2015-04-29 12:49:44】
【MassInsert】[182689]条数据共耗时[3.4911996]秒

主键重复测试结果：

【2015-04-29 12:41:16】

Message:MassInsert异常

Ex.Message:违反了 PRIMARY KEY 约束“PK_AUTHCODES”。不能在对象“dbo.AuthCodes”中插入重复键。重复键值为 (1)。
语句已终止。

Ex.StackTrace: 在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection, Action`1 wrapCloseInAction)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection, Action`1 wrapCloseInAction)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean callerHasConnectionLock, Boolean asyncClose)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.TryRun(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean& dataReady)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Run(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.RunParser(BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.CopyBatchesAsyncContinuedOnSuccess(BulkCopySimpleResultSet internalResults, String updateBulkCommandText, CancellationToken cts, TaskCompletionSource`1 source)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.CopyBatchesAsyncContinued(BulkCopySimpleResultSet internalResults, String updateBulkCommandText, CancellationToken cts, TaskCompletionSource`1 source)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.CopyBatchesAsync(BulkCopySimpleResultSet internalResults, String updateBulkCommandText, CancellationToken cts, TaskCompletionSource`1 source)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.WriteToServerInternalRestContinuedAsync(BulkCopySimpleResultSet internalResults, CancellationToken cts, TaskCompletionSource`1 source)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.WriteToServerInternalRestAsync(CancellationToken cts, TaskCompletionSource`1 source)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.WriteToServerInternalAsync(CancellationToken ctoken)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.WriteRowSourceToServerAsync(Int32 columnCount, CancellationToken ctoken)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.WriteToServer(DataTable table, DataRowState rowState)
在 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy.WriteToServer(DataTable table)