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oracle 11g r2 rac到单实例的dg

1 主备环境说明

rac环境--primary
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
hostname　　　　 rac1 　　　　 rac2
ip 　　　　　　 10.*.11 　　　　10.*.12
Instance_name 　　bol1 　　　　 bol2
DB_NAME 　　　　　　 bol
db_unique_name 　　　　 bol
Data、Control File、Redo File 　　 ASM
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production
SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba

单实例环境--standby
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
hostname　　　　　　　　 dg1
ip 　　　　　　　　 10.*.16
Instance_name 　　　　　　 orcl
DB_NAME 　　　　　　　　 bol
db_unique_name 　　　　　 orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production

rac ip详细

[root@rac1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
#Public IP
10.*.11 rac1
10.*.12 rac2
#Private IP
172.168.1.18 rac1-priv
172.168.1.19 rac2-priv
#Virtual IP
10.*.13 rac1-vip
10.*.14 rac2-vip
#Scan IP
10.*.15 rac-scan

文件系统规划
Primary Standby
+DATA/bol/datafile/test01.dbf 　　 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data tempfile
+data/bol/tempfile 　　　　　　　　 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
+fra/bol/archivelog 　　　　　　　　 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl
+fra/bol/onlinelog　　　　　　　　　 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo

2 主库操作，设置为归档和force logging

--primary 
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           +FRA/bol/arch
Oldest online log sequence     142
Next log sequence to archive   144
Current log sequence           144
===select *from v$archived_log order by 1;
SQL> show parameter db_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                  string     bol
SQL> show parameter db_unique_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name                 string     bol


SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SQL> select force_logging from v$database; 

FOR
---
YES

===修改主库为归档模式

SQL> archive log list
切换归档，将所有节点都必须处于 mount 状态。在其中一个节点修改模式，然后在其他节点正常启动即可。

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> select name , open_mode, log_mode,force_logging from gv$database;

NAME    OPEN_MODE    LOG_MODE FOR
--------- -------------------- ------------ ---
BOL    READ WRITE    ARCHIVELOG YES
SQL> show parameter db_recover

NAME    TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest    string    +FRA
db_recovery_file_dest_size    big integer 5727M

===2 个节点的归档都指向了+FRA 这个磁盘组。也可以指向其他的磁盘组或者本地的位置，如：
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/bol1arch' sid='bol1';
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/bol2arch' sid='bol2';

3 主备库添加 standby Redo log 文件

RAC 每个 Redo Thread 都需要创建对应的 Standby Redo Log。创建原则和单实例一样，包括日志文件大小相等，日志组数量要多 1 组。
主库

SQL> set lines 120
SQL> col member for a50
SQL> select a.thread#,a.group#,a.bytes/1024/1024,b.member from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;

   THREAD#     GROUP# A.BYTES/1024/1024 MEMBER
---------- ---------- ----------------- --------------------------------------------------
     1        1             50 +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_1.257.990861405
     1        1             50 +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_1.257.990861405
     1        2             50 +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_2.258.990861405
     1        2             50 +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_2.258.990861405
     2        3             50 +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_3.265.990862587
     2        3             50 +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_3.259.990862587
     2        4             50 +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_4.266.990862587
     2        4             50 +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_4.260.990862587
     2        4             50 +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_4.261.991639393
     1        5             50 +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_5.271.991639531
     1        5             50 +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_5.262.991639531
SQL> select thread#,group#,members,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;

   THREAD#     GROUP#     MEMBERS BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
     1        1           2          50
     1        2           2          50
     2        3           2          50
     2        4           3          50
     1        5           2          50

--主库添加 standby redo log： 
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 11 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 12 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 14 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 15 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 16 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 17 ('+FRA') size 50m;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 18 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 19 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 20 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 21 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 22 ('+FRA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 23 ('+FRA') size 50m;

SQL> select group#,type,member from v$logfile order by 1,2;

    GROUP# TYPE    MEMBER
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
     1 ONLINE  +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_1.257.990861405
     1 ONLINE  +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_1.257.990861405
     2 ONLINE  +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_2.258.990861405
     2 ONLINE  +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_2.258.990861405
     3 ONLINE  +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_3.265.990862587
     3 ONLINE  +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_3.259.990862587
     4 ONLINE  +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_4.266.990862587
     4 ONLINE  +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_4.260.990862587
     4 ONLINE  +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_4.261.991639393
     5 ONLINE  +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_5.262.991639531
     5 ONLINE  +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_5.271.991639531

    GROUP# TYPE    MEMBER
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
    11 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_11.323.1000118283
    12 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_12.322.1000118289
    13 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_13.321.1000118293
    14 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_14.320.1000118303
    15 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_15.319.1000118303
    16 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_16.318.1000118303
    17 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_17.313.1000118387
    18 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_18.312.1000118397
    19 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_19.317.1000118315
    20 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_20.316.1000118315
    21 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_21.315.1000118315

    GROUP# TYPE    MEMBER
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
    22 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_22.314.1000118317
    23 STANDBY +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_23.311.1000118405

24 rows selected.

4 配置主备库的监听

用 net manager 工具，在备库创建一个监听。也可以手动的修改 listener.ora 文件

--对于 RAC 环境:
在 grid 用户的 listener.ora 文件中加入如下内容：

[grid@rac1 ~]$ cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/
[grid@rac1 admin]$ cat listener.ora
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER))))        # line added by Agent
LISTENER_SCAN1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))))        # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN1=ON        # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER=ON        # line added by Agent
[grid@rac1 admin]$ vim listener.ora
[grid@rac1 admin]$ cat listener.ora
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER))))        # line added by Agent
LISTENER_SCAN1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))))        # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN1=ON        # line added by Agent

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = bol)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = bol1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = LISTENER))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/grid

ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER=ON        # line added by Agent

LISTENER_SCAN1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = LISTENER_SCAN1))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER_SCAN1 = /u01/app/grid

节点 2，对应修改即可
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = bol)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = bol2)
    )
  )

--这里写的 Oracle 用户的 ORACLE_HOME
然后重启监听
注意在 oracle 11gR2 的 RAC 环境下，监听是在 grid 用户下配置的。所以这里可以用 grid 用户连接并修改。最后重启监听
对于单实例，直接在 listener.ora 里添加

[oracle@dg1 oracle]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ vim listener.ora
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg1)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

配置主备库的 Net Server： tnsnames.ora
节点1，节点2，单实例的 tnsnames.ora 文件是一致的，添加以下内容---其实也可以不一致

[oracle@rac1 admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora 
[oracle@rac1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

BOL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scanip)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = bol)
    )
  )

bol1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.13)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = bol1)
    )
  )

bol2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.14)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = bol2)
    )
  )

orcl =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.16)(PORT = 1521))  
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

[grid@rac1 admin]$ lsnrctl reload
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@dg1 admin]$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ lsnrctl start

--备库 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
[root@dg1 ~]# cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
bol=
 (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.11)(PORT = 1521))
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.12)(PORT = 1521))
   (CONNECT_DATA =
    (SERVER = DEDICATED)
    (SERVICE_NAME =bol)
    )
  )

orcl=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.16)(PORT = 1521))  
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME =orcl)
    )
  )

--主库ping备库

主库ping备库成功
[oracle@rac1 admin]$ tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 13-FEB-2019 15:56:29

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.16)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (30 msec)

--备库ping主库
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ tnsping bol

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 13-FEB-2019 11:42:10

Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.11)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.12)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME =bol)))
OK (0 msec)

5 备库创建相应的目录

[oracle@dg1 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/data
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/redo
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/tempfile
[oracle@dg1 oracle]$ mkdir -p  /u01/app/oracle/archive

6 修改RAC参数，并生成pfile与密码文件一起传输到备库

复制rac1的密码文件传到备库
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp orapwbol1 oracle@10.*.16:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl
创建修改主备库的参数文件
--主库参数

db_file_name_convert 和 log_file_name_convert 仅当数据库被 standby 时才会生效，这里配置，是为切换做准备。 log_file_name_convert 指的是 online redo log。
在 Oracle 11g 已经废除了 fal_client 参数。
RAC 的 spfile 是放在共享设备上的，所以如果想创建，就需要先创建一份 pfile 到本地，在修改，如果不想这么折腾，就直接使用 SQL 语句修改：
1）使用 ASM 作为存储时，datafile 和 tempfile 是分别放在两个目录下的，所以在Standby 上也单独创建一个tempdata 目录。并在db_file_name_convert 中作相应的设置。
2）在使用ASM 的RAC中，注意不要改变db_unique_name 的参数值；因为ASM 存放文件的规则，是按照+diskgroup_name/data_unique_name/file/tag_name.file_member.incarnation 这样一个规则存放的，
但是第二项database_unique_name 并不是db_name;如果改变了db_unique_name,则之后创建的数据文件会放在新的目录下，会导致db_file_name_convert 的失效，这一点需要特别注意。
3）如果RAC中使用db_create_online_log_dest_n 系列参数，要相应调整stangby 上的log_file_name_convert 参数。

--alter system set db_unique_name='bol'  scope=spfile sid='*'; 
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(bol,orcl)'   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+FRA valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=bol'  scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl'   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set standby_file_management='auto'   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set fal_server='orcl'   scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set db_file_name_convert='+DATA/bol/datafile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data','+DATA/bol/tempfile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile' scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_file_name_convert='+FRA/bol/onlinelog','/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/redo' scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arch' scope=spfile sid='*';

--备库参数

--在主库创建pfile 文件并scp 到备库修改
主要指定一些pfile的路径，不要直接create pfile from spfile

SQL> create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/tmp.ora' from spfile;

File created.
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp tmp.ora oracle@10.*.16:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ vim initorcl.ora 
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora 
orcl.__db_cache_size=503316480
orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__large_pool_size=33554432
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=452984832
orcl.__sga_target=822083584
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=251658240
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/bol/datafile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data','+DATA/bol/tempfile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile'
*.db_name='bol'
*.service_names='orcl'
*.db_unique_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=6005194752
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=bolXDB)'
*.fal_server='bol'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(bol,orcl)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=bol valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=bol'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arch'
*.log_file_name_convert='+FRA/bol/onlinelog','/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/redo'
*.memory_target=1264582656
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=350
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

使用 spfile 将备库启动 nomount 状态并启动监听

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 13 15:27:54 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1269366784 bytes
Fixed Size            2252864 bytes
Variable Size          822087616 bytes
Database Buffers      436207616 bytes
Redo Buffers            8818688 bytes

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 13-FEB-2019 15:40:44

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dg1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dg1)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dg1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                13-FEB-2019 15:40:47
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 10 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dg1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dg1)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

7 备库进行duplicate

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ rman target sys/*@bol auxiliary sys/*@orcl nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Feb 13 16:18:06 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: BOL (DBID=4213574617)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
connected to auxiliary database: BOL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 13-FEB-19
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

--详细日志

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@bol auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Feb 13 16:18:06 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: BOL (DBID=4213574617)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
connected to auxiliary database: BOL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 13-FEB-19
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   targetfile  '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwbol1' auxiliary format 
 '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl'   ;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 13-FEB-19
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=26 instance=bol1 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 13-FEB-19

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl';
   restore clone controlfile to  '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl' from 
 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 13-FEB-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_bol1.f tag=TAG20190213T161904 RECID=3 STAMP=1000138745
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 13-FEB-19

Starting restore at 13-FEB-19
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 13-FEB-19

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile/temp.262.990861409";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile  1 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/system.259.990861405";
   set newname for datafile  2 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sysaux.260.990861407";
   set newname for datafile  3 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/undotbs1.261.990861409";
   set newname for datafile  4 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/undotbs2.263.990861413";
   set newname for datafile  5 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/users.264.990861413";
   set newname for datafile  6 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/test01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  7 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sde_tbs.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  9 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/example01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  10 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/cad01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  11 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sj_data01.dbf";
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile  1 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/system.259.990861405"   datafile 
 2 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sysaux.260.990861407"   datafile 
 3 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/undotbs1.261.990861409"   datafile 
 4 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/undotbs2.263.990861413"   datafile 
 5 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/users.264.990861413"   datafile 
 6 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/test01.dbf"   datafile 
 7 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sde_tbs.dbf"   datafile 
 9 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/example01.dbf"   datafile 
 10 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/cad01.dbf"   datafile 
 11 auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sj_data01.dbf"   ;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile/temp.262.990861409 in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 13-FEB-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/undotbs1.261.990861409
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/undotbs1.261.990861409 tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/sysaux.260.990861407
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sysaux.260.990861407 tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/system.259.990861405
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/system.259.990861405 tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/users.264.990861413
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/users.264.990861413 tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/sde_tbs.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sde_tbs.dbf tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/undotbs2.263.990861413
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/undotbs2.263.990861413 tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/cad01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/cad01.dbf tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/sj_data01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sj_data01.dbf tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/example01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/example01.dbf tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/bol/datafile/test01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/test01.dbf tag=TAG20190213T161917
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 13-FEB-19

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/system.259.990861405
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sysaux.260.990861407
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/undotbs1.261.990861409
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/undotbs2.263.990861413
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/users.264.990861413
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/test01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sde_tbs.dbf
datafile 9 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/example01.dbf
datafile 10 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/cad01.dbf
datafile 11 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=1000139021 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/sj_data01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 13-FEB-19

View Code

8 启动备库并应用MRP

SQL> select DBID,NAME,OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE from v$database;

      DBID NAME      OPEN_MODE          DATABASE_ROLE
---------- --------- -------------------- ----------------
4213574617 BOL         MOUNTED          PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> select process,status,sequence#,delay_mins from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS   STATUS    SEQUENCE# DELAY_MINS
--------- ------------ ---------- ----------
ARCH      CONNECTED        0       0
ARCH      CONNECTED        0       0
ARCH      CONNECTED        0       0
ARCH      CONNECTED        0       0
SQL> show parameter convert;

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert             string     +DATA/bol/datafile, /u01/app/o
                         racle/oradata/orcl/data, +DATA
                         /bol/tempfile, /u01/app/oracle
                         /oradata/orcl/tempfile
log_file_name_convert             string     +FRA/bol/onlinelog, /u01/app/o
                         racle/admin/orcl/redo

SQL> alter database open; ---打开db报错
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-10458: standby database requires recovery
ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup
ORA-01110: data file 1:
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/system.259.990861405'

[oracle@dg1 admin]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/
[oracle@dg1 trace]$ tail -n 200 alert_orcl.log   ---查看错误日志
alter database open
AUDIT_TRAIL initialization parameter is changed to OS, as DB is NOT compatible for database opened with read-only access
Signalling error 1152 for datafile 1!
Beginning Standby Crash Recovery.
Serial Media Recovery started
Managed Standby Recovery starting Real Time Apply
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 150
Wed Feb 13 16:26:33 2019
Standby crash recovery need archive log for thread 1 sequence 150 to continue.
Please verify that primary database is transporting redo logs to the standby database.
Wait timeout: thread 1 sequence 150
Standby Crash Recovery aborted due to error 16016.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_2176.trc:
ORA-16016: archived log for thread 1 sequence# 150 unavailable 
Recovery interrupted!
Completed Standby Crash Recovery.
Signalling error 1152 for datafile 1!
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_2176.trc:
ORA-10458: standby database requires recovery
ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup 
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/system.259.990861405'
ORA-10458 signalled during: alter database open...
--
DDE: Problem Key 'ORA 1110' was flood controlled (0x1) (no incident)
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/system.259.990861405'

处理方法

在主库找到对应的日志文件并cp到备库

select * from v$archived_log  where sequence#=150;

ASMCMD> cp +FRA/bol/arch/150_1_990861401.log /u01/app/oracle
copying +FRA/bol/arch/150_1_990861401.log -> /u01/app/oracle/150_1_990861401.log
[oracle@rac1 oracle]$ scp 150_1_990861401.log oracle@10.15.7.16:/u01/app/oracle/archive/.
在备库上执行
SQL> alter database register physical logfile '/u01/app/oracle/archive/150_1_990861401.log';

Database altered.
再尝试open数据库，正常打开
SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

[oracle@dg1 trace]$ tail -f -n 200 alert_orcl.log
Wed Feb 13 16:58:43 2019
alter database open
Signalling error 1152 for datafile 1!
Beginning Standby Crash Recovery.
Serial Media Recovery started
Managed Standby Recovery starting Real Time Apply
Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/archive/150_1_990861401.log
Incomplete Recovery applied until change 6049418 time 02/13/2019 16:23:33
Completed Standby Crash Recovery.
Wed Feb 13 16:58:44 2019
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Dictionary check beginning
Wed Feb 13 16:58:44 2019
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_dbw0_2159.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile/temp.262.990861409'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_dbw0_2159.trc:
ORA-01186: file 201 failed verification tests
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 201 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile/temp.262.990861409'
File 201 not verified due to error ORA-01157
Dictionary check complete
Re-creating tempfile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile/temp.262.990861409
Database Characterset is AL32UTF8
No Resource Manager plan active
**********************************************************
WARNING: Files may exists in db_recovery_file_dest
that are not known to the database. Use the RMAN command
CATALOG RECOVERY AREA to re-catalog any such files.
If files cannot be cataloged, then manually delete them
using OS command.
One of the following events caused this:
1. A backup controlfile was restored.
2. A standby controlfile was restored.
3. The controlfile was re-created.
4. db_recovery_file_dest had previously been enabled and
then disabled.
**********************************************************
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Physical standby database opened for read only access.
Completed: alter database open

SQL> select DBID,NAME,OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE from v$database;

DBID NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
---------- --------- -------------------- ----------------
4213574617 BOL READ ONLY PHYSICAL STANDBY

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

SQL> select DBID,NAME,OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE from v$database;

DBID NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
---------- --------- -------------------- ----------------
4213574617 BOL READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY

9 验证同步

主库conn sde用户
create table dg_test1 as select * from dba_objects;

备库查看
SQL> show parameter db_unique

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name                 string     orcl
SQL> conn sde/sde
Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from dg_test1; ---没有同步
select count(*) from dg_test1
                     *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

SQL> select sequence#,standby_dest,archived,applied,status from v$archived_log;

 SEQUENCE# STA ARC APPLIED   S
---------- --- --- --------- -
       150 NO  YES YES         A
SQL> select process,status,sequence#,delay_mins from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS   STATUS    SEQUENCE# DELAY_MINS
--------- ------------ ---------- ----------
ARCH      CONNECTED        0       0
ARCH      CONNECTED        0       0
ARCH      CONNECTED        0       0
ARCH      CONNECTED        0       0
MRP0      WAIT_FOR_LOG          151       0

--主库日志
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG
Wed Feb 13 16:23:40 2019
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 151 (LGWR switch)
  Current log# 1 seq# 151 mem# 0: +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_1.257.990861405
  Current log# 1 seq# 151 mem# 1: +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_1.257.990861405
Wed Feb 13 16:23:40 2019
Archived Log entry 212 added for thread 1 sequence 150 ID 0xfb25b6d9 dest 1:
Wed Feb 13 16:46:13 2019
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 152 (LGWR switch)
  Current log# 2 seq# 152 mem# 0: +DATA/bol/onlinelog/group_2.258.990861405
  Current log# 2 seq# 152 mem# 1: +FRA/bol/onlinelog/group_2.258.990861405
Wed Feb 13 16:46:13 2019
Archived Log entry 213 added for thread 1 sequence 151 ID 0xfb25b6d9 dest 1:
--备库日志
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (orcl)
Wed Feb 13 17:00:53 2019
MRP0 started with pid=20, OS id=2436 
MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (orcl)
 started logmerger process
Wed Feb 13 17:00:58 2019
Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply
Parallel Media Recovery started with 2 slaves
Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...
All non-current ORLs have been archived.
Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/archive/150_1_990861401.log
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 151
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session

==启用real-time apply，从而实现real-time query：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;

Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
======
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT
Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (orcl)
Wed Feb 13 17:18:04 2019
MRP0 started with pid=20, OS id=2497 
MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (orcl)
 started logmerger process
Wed Feb 13 17:18:09 2019
Managed Standby Recovery starting Real Time Apply
Parallel Media Recovery started with 2 slaves
Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...
All non-current ORLs have been archived.
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 151
Completed: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT

====
SQL> set sqlprompt "primary>"
primary>SELECT PROCESS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,STATUS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

PROCESS      THREAD#  SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------- ---------- ---------- ------------
ARCH           1        185 CLOSING
ARCH           1        186 CLOSING
ARCH           0          0 CONNECTED
ARCH           1        187 CLOSING

SQL> set sqlprompt "standby>"

--没有同步，于是重启rac的实例，重启后，dg自动同步---万能重启大法（因为前面修改了spfile的一些参数，必须重启才能生效）

[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl stop instance -o immediate -d bol -i bol1
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl status database -d bol
Instance bol1 is not running on node rac1
Instance bol2 is not running on node rac2
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start instance -d bol -i bol1

standby>select * from yhq22;

    ID NAME
---------- --------------------
     1 yhq11
SQL> set sqlprompt "primary>"
primary>SELECT PROCESS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,STATUS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

PROCESS      THREAD#  SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------- ---------- ---------- ------------
ARCH           1        189 CLOSING
ARCH           1        189 CLOSING
ARCH           1        187 CLOSING
ARCH           1        186 CLOSING
LNS           1        190 WRITING
---主库日志
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN /* db agent *//* {1:9052:2690} */
ARC0: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 188 for destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
Wed Feb 13 17:49:31 2019
Starting background process CJQ0
Wed Feb 13 17:49:31 2019
CJQ0 started with pid=47, OS id=27107
---
standby>select DBID,NAME,OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,log_mode,force_logging from v$database;

      DBID NAME      OPEN_MODE          DATABASE_ROLE    LOG_MODE    FOR
---------- --------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------ ---
4213574617 BOL         READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY ARCHIVELOG    YES

===
primary> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
       193
standby> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
       193
primary>select process,status,sequence#,delay_mins from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS   STATUS    SEQUENCE# DELAY_MINS
--------- ------------ ---------- ----------
ARCH      CLOSING          191       0
ARCH      CLOSING          192       0
ARCH      CLOSING          187       0
ARCH      CLOSING          193       0
LNS      WRITING          194       0
standby>select process,status,sequence#,delay_mins from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS   STATUS    SEQUENCE# DELAY_MINS
--------- ------------ ---------- ----------
ARCH      CLOSING          193       0
ARCH      CLOSING          192       0
ARCH      CONNECTED        0       0
ARCH      CLOSING          191       0
MRP0      APPLYING_LOG          194       0
RFS      IDLE              194       0
RFS      IDLE            0       0
RFS      IDLE            0       0
RFS      IDLE            0       0
primary>select * from v$archive_gap;

no rows selected
standby>select * from v$archive_gap;

no rows selected

select sequence#,standby_dest,archived,applied,status from v$archived_log order by 1;
select group#,bytes,status from v$standby_log;

至此，同步完成

--查看主备参数
select name, value from v$parameter where name in ('db_name','db_unique_name','log_archive_config', 'log_archive_dest_1','log_archive_dest_2',
'log_archive_dest_state_1','log_archive_dest_state_2','remote_login_passwordfile','log_archive_format','log_archive_max_processes','fal_server',
'db_file_name_convert', 'log_file_name_convert', 'standby_file_management');

--primary
db_file_name_convert    +DATA/bol/datafile, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data, +DATA/bol/tempfile, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile
log_file_name_convert    +FRA/bol/onlinelog, /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/redo
log_archive_dest_1    location=+FRA/BOL/ARCH
log_archive_dest_2    service=orcl valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl
log_archive_dest_state_1    ENABLE
log_archive_dest_state_2    ENABLE
fal_server    orcl
log_archive_config    dg_config=(bol,orcl)
log_archive_format    %s_%t_%r.log
log_archive_max_processes    4
standby_file_management    auto
remote_login_passwordfile    EXCLUSIVE
db_name    bol
db_unique_name    bol
--standby
db_file_name_convert    +DATA/bol/datafile, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data, +DATA/bol/tempfile, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tempfile
log_file_name_convert    +FRA/bol/onlinelog, /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/redo
log_archive_dest_1    location=/u01/app/oracle/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl
log_archive_dest_2    service=bol valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=bol
log_archive_dest_state_1    ENABLE
log_archive_dest_state_2    ENABLE
fal_server    bol
log_archive_config    dg_config=(bol,orcl)
log_archive_format    %t_%s_%r.arch
log_archive_max_processes    4
standby_file_management    auto
remote_login_passwordfile    EXCLUSIVE
db_name    bol
db_unique_name    orcl

10 错误及相关解决方法

--1 --主库ping备库，发现主库ping不同备库

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 13-FEB-2019 11:40:14

Used parameter files:

TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name

--修改主备库的 tnsnames.ora，并reload

--修改备库的tnsnames.ora
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
bol=
 (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.11)(PORT = 1521))
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.12)(PORT = 1521))
   (CONNECT_DATA =
    (SERVER = DEDICATED)
    (SERVICE_NAME =bol)
    )
  )

orcl=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.*.16)(PORT = 1521))  
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME =orcl)
    )
  )

--2 ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

SQL> startup nomount
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

---修改/dev/shm

简单来说就是 MEMORY_MAX_TARGET 的设置不能超过 /dev/shm 的大小

[root@dg1 ~]# cat /etc/fstab | grep tmpfs
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=2G 0 0

SQL> startup nomount
ORA-16025: parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 contains repeated or conflicting attributes
ORA-16154: suspect attribute: LOCATION

--LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 参数重复，去掉一个即可，完整的pfile可以参照上面，已经是修改过的，

--3 rman的时候

DBGSQL: TARGET> begin :fhdbi := dbms_rcvcat.getDbid; end;
DBGSQL: sqlcode = 6550
DBGSQL: B :fhdbi = 32767
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 02/13/2019 15:57:31
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script
ORA-06550: line 1, column 17:
PLS-00201: identifier 'DBMS_RCVCAT.GETDBID' must be declared
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored

1）如果使用的是非catalog，在rman 连接时，加上nocatalog关键字，如
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ rman target sys/*@bol auxiliary sys/*@orcl nocatalog

2）在执行duplicate的时候，如果源库和目标库目录相同，那么在duplicate 时，需要加上nofilenamecheck，如下
RMAN> duplicate target database forstandby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6232292

--4 db不能打开到opne 状态

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-10458: standby database requires recovery
ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup
ORA-01110: data file 1:
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/system.259.990861405'

查看错误日志并进行解决

--alert.log

Please verify that primary database is transporting redo logs to the standby database.
Wait timeout: thread 1 sequence 150
Standby Crash Recovery aborted due to error 16016.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_2176.trc:
ORA-16016: archived log for thread 1 sequence# 150 unavailable
Recovery interrupted!
Completed Standby Crash Recovery.
Signalling error 1152 for datafile 1!
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_2176.trc:
ORA-10458: standby database requires recovery
ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/data/system.259.990861405'
ORA-10458 signalled during: alter database open...

在主库找到对应的日志文件并cp到备库
ASMCMD> cp +FRA/bol/arch/150_1_990861401.log /u01/app/oracle
copying +FRA/bol/arch/150_1_990861401.log -> /u01/app/oracle/150_1_990861401.log
[oracle@rac1 oracle]$ scp 150_1_990861401.log oracle@10.15.7.16:/u01/app/oracle/archive/.
在备库上执行
SQL> alter database register physical logfile '/u01/app/oracle/archive/150_1_990861401.log';

Database altered.

--5 主备库不同步，日志也并没有报错

最后完成，发现主库的操作米有同步过去

SQL> set sqlprompt "primary>"
primary>SELECT PROCESS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,STATUS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

PROCESS THREAD# SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------- ---------- ---------- ------------
ARCH 1 185 CLOSING
ARCH 1 186 CLOSING
ARCH 0 0 CONNECTED
ARCH 1 187 CLOSING

由于前面修改了主库的spfile的一些参数，要重启db才能生效

[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl stop instance -o immediate -d bol -i bol1
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl status database -d bol
Instance bol1 is not running on node rac1
Instance bol2 is not running on node rac2
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start instance -d bol -i bol1

重启过后，主备dg自动同步

SQL> set sqlprompt "primary>"
primary>SELECT PROCESS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,STATUS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

PROCESS THREAD# SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------- ---------- ---------- ------------
ARCH 1 189 CLOSING
ARCH 1 189 CLOSING
ARCH 1 187 CLOSING
ARCH 1 186 CLOSING
LNS 1 190 WRITING